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| NOTES

FROM THE

: ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN,
| EDINBURGH.

VOL. XII.
Including Numbers LVI-LX.
1919-1921.

With Plates CLXV-CLXIX, and Seventeen Figures in the Text.

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Dates of the several Numbers of this Volume.

Number LVI, pp. 1-84 for July 1919.

Numbers LVII-LVIII, pp. 85-186 for March 1920.
Number LIX, pp. 187-240 for May 1920.

Number LX, pp. 241-264 for January 1921.

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List of Contents to Vol. XII, 1919-1921.

The Royal Botanic Garden .
List of Staff at January 1921
Rules and Regulations .
Historic Notice
Regius Keepers ‘ :
Principal Gardeners from 1756
Features of the Garden. With Key-Plan
Teaching in the Garden
Enumeration of Visitors, 1889-1920
War Service Roll .

The Maddeni Series of Rhododendron. With Nine “Text-
figures. By J. Hutchinson, F.L.S.

New Species of Rhododendron, IV. By | Professor Bayley
Balfour, F.R.S.

Regional Spread of Moisture in the Wood of Trees. II. Moisture-
Spread in a Graft-Region. With Plate CLXV. a”
Professor William Grant Craib, M.A. .

Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regi Botanici
Edinburgensis cognitarum. CCCCLI-D :

Notes on certain Asiatic Sager ae William wee

Smith, M.A.

Species of Styrax in Herb. Léveillé. By William wae
Smith, M.A.

A New Erlangea. By Spencer Le M. Moore, B.Sc., F.L.S. .

The Occurrence of Tracheides in the Nucellus of Stertphoma
cleomoides, =e With Plate CLXVI. id Matthew
Young Orr

The Structure of the Ovular pice and the ae
ment of the Testa in Cleome and Isomeris. With Plate
CLXVII and Four Text-figures. By Matthew Young
So ge : : : ‘ é ‘ ‘

iii

241

243

iv CONTENTS

The Occurrence of a Tracheal Tissue enveloping the Embryo
in certain Capparidacee. -With Four Text- vague
By Matthew Young Orr

Intumescences on the Leaves of Marlea bc, Roxb.

Matthew Young Orr :

Observations on the Structure of the Seed in the Capparidaceze
and Resedacee. With Plate CLXVIII. me Matthew
Young Orr

Some Fungi from Tibet. With Plate CLXIX. By Malcolm
Wilson, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.R.S.E.

An Addition to the Cryptogamic Flora of the ae Botanic
Garden. By Malcolm Wilson, D.Sc., and H. F. Tagg,

"PAGE

264

THE MADDENI SERIES OF
RHODODENDRON.

J. HUTCHINSON, F.L.S.,
Assistant for India in the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew.

In the absence of a monograph of Rhododendron, the material
for which is as yet far from adequate, it seems convenient to
select, as Professor Bayley Balfour* has done, a fairly well-known
species as the typical representative of a particular “‘ series”
or group, and to bring our knowledge of that group as much
as possible up to date. The present contribution deals in such
a-manner with Rhododendron Maddeni, Hook. f., R. Dalhousiae,
Hook. f., R. cilitcalyx, Franch., and the species closely allied
to them; and this group for the sake of convenience may be
called the ‘‘ Maddeni series.’’ This series, however, is no doubt
a composite one, and contains three fairly well-marked but
closely associated subordinate groups, each of which would more
exactly correspond with Professor Bayley Balfour’s conception
of a “series.” It includes practically all the larger-leaved
Indian Rhododendrons with Jepidote leaves, and their Chinese
relatives.

This revision owes its conception entirely to the enthusiasm
and encouragement of Professor Bayley Balfour, with whom the
writer had lately the pleasure of comparing notes on a number
of troublesome taxonomic questions regarding certain species
of Rhododendron. The advantages of such to the writer of
this paper will be obvious to all who know this large and
difficult genus. Any special merits the present work may
possess are due to the fact that the author has had for study
the whole of the Edinburgh material of the series, including
the beautifully preserved and fully annotated Yunnan collections
of Mr George Forrest, with much other material gathered in
Bhutan by Mr R. E. Cooper, and in Burma and Yunnan by
Mr Kingdon Ward.

* Rhododendrons of the Irroratum Series, Trans. and Proc. Bot. Soc,
Edin. xxvii. 157-220 (1917). :

R.B.G., Edin., No. LVI, July 1919.)
. 11480/138—400--9/19-—N. & Co., Ltd. Gp. 10. A

2 HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

or the opportunity of studying these specimens the writer
tenders his grateful thanks to Professor Balfour, to the Kew
Directorate for the necessary facilities in carrying out the work,
and in particular to Dr Stapf, who has been ever ready to help
with difficult questions.

The text figures are mainly of those species of which the
material preserved up to the present is very scanty, often a
single sheet. They do not claim any artistic merit, nor, having
been prepared from dried material, can they give, of the flowers
especially, a correct representation of perspective. But they
will give some idea of the appearance of the dried plant (only
one corolla is shown in each), particularly the shape of the
leaves, the disposition of the leaf-scales and the appearance
of the calyx, with the degree of scaliness of the style, etc., on
which I have relied so much in framing the key.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE MADDENI SERIES.

The group has a fairly wide area of distribution, ranging
from Sikkim (R. Dalhousiae, and others) in the west, east to
Kweichow (R. /iliiflorum), and southward to. Tenasserim, in
Lower Burma (R. Veitchianum). There are thirty-nine species
in the series so far as known at present. The following list gives
their names, distribution, and the name of the discoverer and
year of collection ; from it may be gathered some idea of the
great number of species which have come to light during the
last few years :—

* Described for the first time in the present paper.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

SPECIES,

HABITAT.

COLLECTOR AND DATE.

*R. Johnstoneanum, Watt

*R. lasiopodum, Hutchinson .
rine eee
Lindley

Ludwigianum, Hosseus .
. Lyi, Léveillé 3
Maddeni, "Hook: aa
manipurense, Balf. f. et
a
megacalyx, Balf. f. et
War
missionavum, Léveillé

phen Booth
chypodum, Balf. f. et

be ye

es
=e)

; paleaue! peated nson .
R. polyandrum, Hutchinson
é ig hens gol ed Hetchan:

rhabdotum, Balfz:t: et.

diesinhe m, Hutchins
-rufosquamosum, Hutchih.

; sb ctelassin Hutchinson

. Smilesiit, Hutchinson

. Surasianum, Balf, f. et
Craib

. Valentinianum, G. Forrest
. Veittchianum, Hook, f.

. supranubium, Hutchinson | W

Manipur, Assam (6000—
7500

W. Yunnan (8000—g000

Kweichow (alt. ?).

Sikkim, Bhutan, and
Manipur (6000— 10,000

Siam (6600 1%);
K

ipur, gO “(8000—
10,000 ft.).

N.E. Burma (7000-8000
ft.

WwW, Yunnan (g000 ft.).

Bhutan pte atid it:):

W. Yunnan (9000—10,000
t.).

S.E. Yunnan Sore $b.)

ee (8500 ft.).

Szec

Bhutan (8000 ft.).

W. Yunnan (9000 ft.).
S. Yunnan (4800 ft.).

W. Yunnan (6000-8000

(10,000—
I it.).

N. Siam (4500 ft.).

W. Yunnan (11,000 ft.).

Central = Lower Burma
am (5000-7000

G. Watt (1882).
G. Forrest (1913).
J. Cavalerie (1902).

J. D. Hooker ? (1848).

C. C. Hosseus (1905).
F Sees (1912).
J. D. Hooker (1848).
G. Watt (1882),
Kingdon Ward (1914).
E. E. Maire (1911).
T. J. Booth (1850 ?).
G. Forrest (1913).

A. Henry (1896-8).
R. E. Cooper (1914).
Coll. ?

E. Cooper (1915).

Forrest (r913).
Henry (1896-8).

Forrest (1912).

H. Smiles (1893).
Forrest (1906).

F, G. Kerr (1914).

Forrest 2 ida
Lobb (1856),

GROUPING OF THE SPECIES.

The thirty-nine species fall into three fairly natural groups

as follows :—

Subseries I.—Eumaddenia, w

with numerous (15-2 5) stamens,

numerous (10-12) ovary cells, a fairly large calyx, medium-
ed leaves very densely covered with ferruginous scales, and

siz
with the petiole grooved on the upper surface.

According to

the prevailing views on the phylogeny of Gamopetalae in general
this should, I think, be regarded as the more ancient group of

this particular series.

Its headquarters seems to be in Bhutan,

where there are four species represented, and there is one species
in Sikkim, one in Manipur, and one common to North-East
ie and Western Yunnan.
* Described for the first time in the present paper,

4 HvTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Subseries II. — Megacalyx, with usually 10 stamens,
always 5 ovary cells, a large calyx, and large leaves rather
laxly lepidote, with a raised midrib on the upper surface,
and convex petioles; the convex upper surface of the petiole
is a splendid mark for distinguishing this group. Here again
Bhutan is the chief centre of distribution, as it harbours four
species, two of which extend into Sikkim, whilst Burma, Yunnan,
and Kweichow have eacha separate species. To this group
belong the finest species of the whole series, with very large
scented flowers and handsome foliage.

Subseries III.—Ciliicalyx is the largest group, made up of
twenty-six species, which are the most troublesome to define.
They are probably the more modern representatives of the
series asa whole. The stamens are nearly always Io in number
(rarely 12-13), the ovary cells very frequently 6 (rarely 5 or 7),
a calyx (often ciliate) which becomes gradually reduced to a
mere undulate rim, rather small leaves more or less densely
lepidote below and frequently ciliate, with a V-shaped groove
on the upper surface of the petiole. There is only one species
of this subseries in Sikkim, none in Bhutan, three species in
the Khasia Hills, one in Manipur, six in Burma, three in Siam,
and one species common to these two countries, ten in Yunnan,
and one in Kweichow. Subseries Czliicalyx is thus typical of
Burma and Yunnan.

DISTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES.

As careful work in the discrimination of Rhododendron species
proceeds, it becomes increasingly évident that the majority are
very local in distribution. Only two species of our series are
common to Sikkim and Bhutan (R. Maddeni and R. Lindley),
the latter species also occurring in Manipur, Assam, and there
is one species (R. Vettchianum) common to Burma and Siam,
whilst R. crassum occurs in Western Yunnan and N.E. Burma.
With these exceptions no species is common to any two of the
countries mentioned above. The occurrence of R. Lindleyi in
Sikkim, Bhutan, andin Manipur affords an interesting link
between the Rhododendron floras of these mountainous regions.
The more or less isolated mountain ranges of Burma, too, seem
to possess their own particular species. Of special interest in
this respect is Mount Victoria (10,150 ft.) in the Chin Hills,
Western Middle Burma, where Lady Wheeler Cuffe has, within
the last few years, collected and introduced into cultivation two
interesting new species in R. burmanicum and R. Cuffeanum.

In regard to Yunnan, Professor Balfour (l.c.) has already
demonstrated in his paper on the Ivroratum series the extremely

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 5

limited and local distribution of several species. This fact is
confirmed in the case of R. ciliicalyx and its relatives, many of
which are described for the first time in the present paper.
In this case a difference in altitude seems to produce a difference
in species, all of which, however, belong to the same complex.
R. ciliicalyx itself occurs at an altitude of 7300 ft. near Mo-so-yn,
whilst R. Scottianum grows at a similar elevation near Tengyueh
and Chutong. At 8000-9000 ft. on the Shweli-Salween Divide
we get R. voseatum and R. lasiopodum, whilst on the eastern flank
of the Tali Range, between 10,000 and 12,000 ft., there is a
beautiful little species, which from its occurrence at such a high
altitude I have called R. supranubium. No doubt Mr Forrest
could enlighten us much more regarding the distribution of
these species now that they have been segregated from R.
ciliicalyx, to which they had been provisionally referred. True
R. ciliicalyx has not appeared in any recent collections. Then
even Szemao in South and Mengtz in South-Eastern Yunnan
has each its characteristic species, belonging to the same group,
in R. rufosquamatum and R. pilicalyx respectively, whilst a near
relative, R. Lyi,occurs in the neighbouring province of Kweichow.
Just how constant are the differences which go to distinguish
these Yunnan species as shown in the key (p. 16), and to
what extent they will stand the test of cultivation and further
collection, I am not prepared to say.

VALUE OF CHARACTERS IN. THE MADDENI SERIES.

Habit.—Some of the species are epiphytic on old tree stumps ;
such are R. Nuttallii, R. Lindleyi, and R. Veitchianum, whilst
R. dendricola grows at the tops of trees 50-60 ft. high; the
majority, however, are terrestrial shrubs or small trees, ranging
in height from 1} to 20 ft.

Bark.—In only a few species is the bark of the stem and
older branches known to the writer; in R. ciliicalyx it is very
membranous and purplish-brown, and curls off in large pieces ;
a similar but thicker bark is found in R. Vettchianum.

One-year-old Shoots.—All are more or less lepidote, whilst
in subseries Ciliicalyx they are very frequently bristly hairy
as well as lepidote, as in R. ciliatum, R. Johnstoneanum, and R.
Lyi (fig. 7).

Axillary Leaf-bearing Buds.—The dormancy or degree of
development of the axillary leaf-bearing buds at the time of
flowering seems worthy of attention, although the character
might vary in different individuals of the*same species. In
R. ciliicalyx and R. Scottianum the leaf-buds are well developed
at the time of flowering.

Terminal Leaf-bearing Buds.—In regard to the structure of

6 HutTCcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

the terminal leaf-bearing buds Professor Balfour makes some
interesting remarks at the end of the description of R. Valen-
tintanum on p. 49.
Leaves.—These are always evergreen, and more or less cori-
aceous in texture; they persist for at least three years; in
shape they vary from linear (R. iteaphyllum) to obovate (R.
Dalhousiae and R. Scottianum), and ovate (R. voseatum), rounded,
obtuse to acutely cuneate at the base; frequently, especially in
subseries Ciliicalyx, they are fringed with long hairs (R. ciliatum,
R. formosum, and others) ; the upper surface on the unfolding
of the leaves is almost without exception lepidote, the scales
soon falling off; a characteristic feature of R. burmanicum is
that they persist on the upper surface and are nearly as dense
there as on the lower surface; the lower leaf surface is always
lepidote, and the disposition of the scales provides a useful
and apparently very constant specific mark ; for instance, in R.
Maddeni they completely hide the lower epidermis, whilst in
R. Lindleyt and R. ciliicalyx they are considerably more than
their own diameter apart; the distance apart relative to their
own diameter seems to be the most lucid way of expressing the
disposition of the scales; were it measured in terms of milli-
meters or fractions thereof, the distinctive marks as shown by
the scales would not be so readily interpreted; the structure
of the scales is on the same general plan throughout the series ;
the stalk of the scale is more or less fleshy, and a little immersed
below the level of the surrounding leaf surface; the stalk
supports the membranous fringe, which encircles it and spreads
horizontally over and in close proximity to the leaf surface;
the fringe of the scale is made up of numerous radiating parallel
cells arranged in a single row; I have not considered it worth
while to count the number of these fringe cells, but they might
prove to be relatively constant in the same species, and would
perhaps differ sufficiently in the various species as to provide
additional distinctive characters; between the scales the
epidermal cells are always produced into a rod-like or bluntly
awl-shaped papilla; these are a very marked feature * in the
leaves of the whole series, and readily detected by a low power
of the microscope; they are not visible through an ordinary
hand lens; the midrib in subseries Eumaddenia and Ciliicalyx
is always more or less sunken below the upper surface of the
leaf blade, whilst in subseries Megacalyx it is raised; this
impression and elevation of the midrib is accompanied by a
marked difference in the Petiole ; those leaves with an impressed
midrib have always petioles with a concave upper surface and

* In R. ciliicalyx they tend to disappear in cultivation under certain con-
ditions ; see p. 53.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 7

a V-shaped groove down the middle, whereas those with the
elevated midrib have a convex upper surface and no groove,
with one slight exception (R. megacalyx).

Inflorescence.—This is a terminal loose umbellate truss, and
from 1-flowered (R. pachypodum, R. supranubium) to 12-
flowered (R. Nuttallit); the flower-bearing bud is usually
broadly ovoid, and covered with numerous bud-scales leathery
in texture, usually bluntly mucronate, and variously lepidote
and glabrous or pubescent outside; in R. Nuttallii the flower-
bearing bud just before opening is about 6 inches long (Hook.,
Bot. Mag., t. 5146) ; the length of the axis from which the bud-
scales have fallen, and the approximation of the straw-coloured
sears, vary considerably in separate species; the bracts and
bracteoles subtending the individual pedicels have frequently
fallen away at flowering time, and are so often absent from dried
specimens that I have seen few to describe; as a rule they
furnish little of specific importance ; the pedicels are lepidote,
except in R. megacalyx, and they are both pubescent and lepi-
dote in R. Dalhousiae and R. rhabdotum; they nearly always
arise from approximately the same height (subumbellate) ; in
R. lasiopodum they break off and leave a projecting “ foot ”
like tomentose portion of the axis of the inflorescence.

Calyx.—This varies from a mere undulate rim (R. lasiopodum)
to very large (2.3 cm.), especially in subseries Megacalyx and
in subseries Eumaddenia ; frequently the lobes (or the rim) are
longer on the dorsal (adaxial) side; in subseries Ciliicalyx the
lobes (or the rim) are very frequently bristly ciliate, but the
degree of ciliation is evidently subject to considerable variation,
and is sometimes present and absent even in the same inflores-
cence (R. supranubium) ; in the other two groups the calyx is
usually not ciliate, or if it is, then very softly and weakly so
(R. Lindleyi) ; R. megacalyx (see fig. 4) is remarkable in having
the calyx campanulate and lobed only to about the middle ;
in nearly all the species the calyx is lepidote outside, especially
towards the base.

Corolla.—In shape more or less tubular or funnel-like, and
always 5-lobed ; the presence or absence of scales on the outside
of the tube furnishes a good specific character, and I have
freely employed this feature in framing the key; the lobes are
always lepidote down the middle and occasionally on the margin ;
the corolla of R. Ludwigianum, in addition to being lepidote
outside, is very softly and densely villous, whilst several more
species of the Cilvicalyx group are minutely and softly pubescent
outside the base of the corolla tube ; the colour of the corolla is
white or white and flushed with rose, and a few (R. lasiopodum,
and others) have a yellow blotch inside the base of the tube;

2
8 HwutTCcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

there is no red or purple spotting, such as one gets in R,
yunnanense, for example. R. burmanicum has a greenish-yellow
and R. pachypodum a yellow corolla.

Stamens.—These are numerous (15-25) in the Eumaddenia
group, and usually 10 in the other two groups; they are,
almost without exception, considerably longer than the corolla
tube and rather unequal in length, corresponding to the slight
zygomorphy of the corolla ; the filaments, except in R. Maddent
and R. calophyllum, are pubescent in their lower part; the
anthers are very large (8-13 mm.) in group Megacalyx, whilst
in the other two groups they are much smaller, averaging
about 5-6 mm. in Ciliicalyx.

Ovary.—The number of ovary cells is usually consistent in
each species. In the Eumaddenia group there are from Io to 12
cells, and the ovary passes gradually into the style; in group
Megacalyx the number is constantly 5, whilst in C7licalyx it
is more often 6, and the transition to the style is usually very
abrupt ; in all the species the ovary is densely lepidote, and girt
at the base by a more or less shortly tomentose annular disk.

Style.-—Except in R. ciliatum, where it is glabrous, the style
is more or less lepidote; in R. ciliicalyx it is only so for a few
millimeters above the base, and in this species there are a few
hairs as well; I find the degree of scaliness of the style to be
very constant in each species.

Stigma.—The exact form of the stigma is not readily made
out from dried specimens; in most species it appears to be
depressed and lobulate, and more or less viscid.

Capsule.—-This is very oblique in R. inaequale, less so in a
few other species, but straight in the majority; the number
of valves always corresponds with the number of ovary cells ;
the capsule is constantly more or less lepidote, and the central
axis, from the top of which the valves dehisce, is often tipped
by the persistent style.

Seeds.—Always small, brown or straw-coloured, mostly
acute at both ends, and narrowly winged.

Professor Balfour had already studied the indumentum of
the Maddeni series when I took up this revision, and he very
kindly allows me to insert the following notes of his own :—

“These Rhododendrons have all of them lepidote leaves.
Some of them have in addition in the young state a varying
number of setose hairs which may disappear before the leaf
reaches full size. The peltate scales occur upon both surfaces
of the young leaf. They are sunk in pits of the leaf surface,
these varying in depth, each scale showing a stout pluricellular
stalk anda disk with typical umbo and fringe equalling the
radius of the umbo. The outermost cells of the umbo at an

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 9

early period develop a yellowish subsequently red content
which ultimately spreads over the whole umbo. Hence the
change of colour in some species of the under leaf surface to a
ferruginous tint. The pits on the upper leaf surface hardly
deserve the name. From this surface the scales fall off early
as a rule and the mature leaf shows scarcely an undulation to
indicate the points of fall. At the same time a few remanent
scales may always be found and in some cases these may be
numerous. In Rh. Maddeni, Hk. f., for instance in cultivation
the surface is often bronzed by them and the same may be
seen often in Rh. crassum, Franch. On the under surface the
pits are deeper and can always be seen even on the oldest leaves
from which the scales have fallen. In some where the leaf pit is
shallow and the stalk long enough to raise the umbo out of it the
fringe is depressed ; in others the umbo is beneath the level of
the mouth of the pit and then the fringe becomes slightly
concave upwards—in the case ofa species like Rh. megacalyx,
Balf. f. et Ward, where the pit is deep and the whole scale barely
reaches its mouth the fringe is turned directly upwards.
The scales vary in size and there seems a general tendency for
some of them to form longer stalks and broader disks and to
stand out well above the surface of the leaf on the under side
especially on the larger veins.

“ The distribution of the scales on the under side gives us a
readily observed mark by which to diagnose species and it is
particularly valuable for the separation of Rh. formosum, Wall.
from other forms which have been confused with it. And here
let me say that the distribution of the scales is correlated with
other leaf characters which shows that their relative position
is not fortuitous. In none of the species as yet known to me
do the scales on the under surface of the mature leaf overlap, in
none do neighbouring ones touch each other everywhere. A
portion of the leaf epidermis is always visible between the scales.
Most of the species have the scales approximating so that one
may say there is visible as much if not more scale surface than
epidermal surface. We may for convenience speak of this as
a densely lepidote surface. A smaller number of forms—amongst
them Rh. formosum, Wall., Rh. Veitchianum, Hook., Rh. Dal-
housiae, Hk. f.—have the scales relatively far apart and the
visible epidermal surface is far larger in area than the scale
surface. This I designate a laxly lepidote surface.

“‘ The leaf surface between the scales is always grey or white
grey, the latter specially in the laxly lepidote forms. This
bloom can be rubbed off and if one handles fresh specimens
the fingers become greasy. The colour is due to the epidermal

papillae with their granular coating of wax making a surface

ro HutTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

unwettable to water from the outside and restraining the exit
of water from within the leaf. In species of the laxly lepidote
series where the exposed leaf surface is largest—Rh. Vettchianum,
Hook., Rh. formosum, Wall., Rh. Dalhousiae, Hk. f. for example
—the epidermal papillae are long rod-like outgrowths with
parallel sides standing out at right angles from the epidermis
and more or less closely packed. In no one of the densely
lepidote series are those papillae long rod-like and close-set but
more or less conoid or in the form of low domes having wider
spaces between than in the case of rods with parallel sides.
Sometimes where a scale fringe arches over the leaf surface the
papillae are longer than elsewhere. There is clearly a correlation
between the form of papillae with their wax and the covering
of peltate scales. That the southern types Rh. Veitchianum,
Hook., and Rh. formosum, Wall., are conspicuously laxly lepidote
with grey white bloom may be noteworthy in relation to their
habitat.”’

Certain species need special mention. These are R. Dal-
housiae, Hk. f., R. formosum, Wall., and R. inaequale,
Hutchinson.

R. Dalhousiae, Hook. f.

In the examination of the dried material of Rhododendron
Dathousiae 1 have detected a very fine species of Rhododendron
which appears to have been overlooked by Sir Joseph Hooker.
R. Dalhoustae was described by Hooker in his account of the
Sikkim Rhododendrons, p. 2, t. i and ii (1849). The first plate
of that work is a picture of the plant as it grows epiphytically
on trees in Sikkim (see extracts from Hooker’s Journal below).
The second plate was drawn by Fitch from Hooker’s original
sketch, and evidently also from the dried specimens. Emphasis
is laid on the latter fact, because it seems partly responsible for
the confusion of two species. Amongst Sir Joseph’s exsiccatae
is one sheet marked “ Rhod. xiv. J. D. Hooker, Sikkim Hima-
laya 1848, 6-8000 ft.’’ It is a fine leafy flowering branchlet,
and in the corner is a solitary fruit which certainly does not
belong to it. This specimen differs from typical R. Dalhousiae
(as represented by Hooker’s original sketch and by the remainder
of his dried specimens) in having only scaly pedicels (not hairy

as well), broad membranous striate calyx lobes with a dense
fringe of soft hairs on the margin (in true Dalhousiae they are
narrower and not fringed), a corolla with a tube only 5 cm. long
(much smaller than in typical Dalhousiae), which is ee
scaly outside the base; the leaves also- differ. from typical

Dathousiae in that they are elliptic and more or less rownded

;

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. II

at the base, and the scales are more laxly disposed on the lower
surfaces. Comparing with Dalhousiae, this distinct species may
therefore be at once recognised by its fringed calyx and smaller
flowers (see fig. 6).

Now it is quite clear on consideration of the evidence before
us that Fitch’s plate No. ii. is made up from a confusion of two
species. Hooker’s original sketch of what he no doubt regarded
as the real Dalhousiae shows the large flowered species with the
glabrous calyx and the smaller obovate cuneate-based leaves,
- typical of the species as known in our gardens. But unfor-
tunately for the accuracy of his beautiful plate, Fitch must
also have had recourse to the dried specimens: he draws faith-
fully the large corolla of the real Dalhousiae, but has appended
to it the large ciliate calyx of the other species, which I identify
with the hitherto imperfectly known R. Lindleyi, T. Moore
(R. bhotanicum, Clarke). The leaves, shown in the plate, are I
think rather those of R. Lindleyi than of Dalhousiae; they are
larger than any on Hooker’s sketch, and the glands are shown
more laxly dispersed.

In Hooker’s description accompanying the plate there is no
mention of the hairs on the margin of the sepals, though they
are shown clearly enough. But Hooker, himself, evidently
brought the specimens of R. Lindleyi into his later descriptions,
for in the Royal Horticultural Society’s Journal for 1852, p. 77,
he describes R. Dalhousiae as having “ sepals oblong, blunt,
hairy on the margin,’ whereas in the specimens of his typical
Dathousiae they are quite glabrous.

Hooker (Himal. Journ. i. 125) mentions Rhododendron.
Dathousiae in his account of the ascent of Sinchul near Darjeeling.
He describes the vegetation as follows: ‘‘ The purple-flowered
kind of Magnolia (M. Campbellit) hardly occurs below 8000 feet,
and forms an immense but very ugly black-barked sparingly
branched tree, leafless in winter and also during the flowering
season, when it puts forth from the ends of its branches great
rose-purple cup-shaped flowers, whose fleshy petals strew the
ground. On its branches, and on those of oaks and laurels,
Rhododendron Dalhousiae grows epiphytically, a slender shrub,
bearing from three to six white lemon-scented bells, four and
a half inches long and as many broad, at the end of each
branch. In the same woods the scarlet rhododendron (R.
arboreum) is very scarce, and is outvied by the great R. argenteum,
which grows asa tree forty feet high, with magnificent leaves
twelve to fifteen inches long, deep green, wrinkied above and
silvery below, while the flowers are as large as those of R.
Dalhousiae and grow more in a cluster.”’

Again in his account of Tonglo Mountain near Darjeeling

12 HuUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

in May 1848 he says: ‘‘ Above Simonbong, the path up Tonglo
is little frequented : it is one of the many routes between Nepal
and Sikkim, which cross the Singalelah spur of Kinchinjunga
at various elevations between 7000 and 15,000 feet. As usual the
track runs along ridges, wherever these are to be found, very
steep, and narrow at the top, through deep humid forests of
oaks and Magnolias, many laurels, both Tetranthera and Cinna-
momum, One species of the latter ascending to 8500 feet, and one
of Tetranthera to gooo feet. Chestnut and walnut here appeared,
with some leguminous trees, which however did not ascend
to 6000 feet. Scarlet flowers of Vaccinium serpens, an epiphytic
species, were strewed about, and the great blossoms of Rhodo-
dendron Dalhousiae and of a Magnolia (Talauwma Hodgsoni) lay
together on the ground.”

In his herbarium there is an envelope containing a single
leaf and a corolla which are unmistakably R. Dalhousiae ; and
the envelope is marked ‘“‘ Rhod. Dalhousiae, Tonglo, Sikkim.
May 1848.” This corolla is no doubt one of those which
he mentions as lying on the ground with those of the
Talauma.

Hooker only refers to Rhododendron Dathousiae on two other
occasions. In describing his ascent of Choongtam Mountain
(z0,000 ft.) in May 1849 (Journal, ii. p. 25) he mentions its
occurrence: ‘“‘ On the apa apave <necustan village I gathered,
at 5000 to6000 feet, R/ eumand Dalhousiae, which
do not generally Tow at Darjeeling below 7500 feet. I collected
here ten kinds of Rhododendron, which, however, are not the
social plants that they become at greater elevations. Still, in
the delicacy and beauty of their flowers, four of them, perhaps
excel any others; they are, R. Aucklandii, whose flowers are
five inches and a half in diameter; R. Maddeni, R. Dalhousiae,
and R. Edgeworthii, all white-flowered bushes, of which the two
first rise to the height of small trees.”’

Whether in this case Hooker was speaking of true R. Dal-

housiae or R. Lindleyi I cannot say, as there seems to be no
specimen amongst his exsiccatae from Choongtam. However,
in the Journal, p. 185, we learn that Hooker and his party in
October “arrived at Choongtam (for the fourth time). .
I spent a day here in order to collect seeds of the superb rhodo-
dendrons which I had discovered in May, growing on the hills
behind.” In a footnote to p. 186 he says: ‘“‘ These Rhodo-
dendrons are now all flourishing at Kew and elsewhere; they
are R. Dalhousiae, arboreum, Maddeni, Edgeworthii, Aucklandii
and virgatum.”

On Hooker’s journey to the Chola Pass in November 1849 (p.
197) he says: “‘ A long march up a very steep, narrow ridge took

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 13

us by a good road to Langhep, a stone resting-house (10,475 ft.)
on a very narrow flat. I had abundance of occupation in
gathering rhododendron seeds, of which I procured twenty-four
kinds on this and the following day. These occurred in the
following order in ascending, commencing at 6000 feet.—1, R.
Dathousiae ; 2, R. vaccinioides ; 3, R. camelliaeflorum ; 4, R. ar-
boreum. Above 8000 feet.—5, R. argenteum ; 6, R. Falconeri ;
7, R. barbatum,; 8, R. Campbelliae; 9, R. Edgeworthii ; to,
R. niveum; 11, R. Thomsoni ; 12, R. cinnabarinum; 13, R.
glaucum. Above 10,500 feet.—14, R. lanatum ; 15, R. virgatum ;
16, R. campylocarpum ; 17, R. ciliatum; 18, R. Hodgsoni ;
19, R. campanulatum. Above 12,000 feet.—20, R. lepidotum ;
21, R. fulgens ; 22, R. Wighttanum ; 23, R. anthopogon; 24,
R. setosum.

We may assume that all the earlier cultivated plants of
R. Dalhousiae in this country were grown from seeds collected
by Hooker on the Choongtam Mountain at 5000-6000 ft., and on
his ascent to the Chola Pass between 6000 and 8000 ft.

Regarding the epiphytic habit of some species, Hooker says
(Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. vii. 72 (1852): “Much undue im-

rtance has been given to the fact of some kinds growing
habitually epiphytically (R. Dalhousiae,- R. camelliaeflorum,
R. pendulum), and it has been supposed that much difficulty
must attend their cultivation. Having occasionally seen all
these species growing on rocks, and the two latter sometimes
becoming erect, and that always in exposed but very moist
localities, I have been induced to attribute their predilection
for the branches of trees to their weak habit and want of light
elsewhere. Being plants of the forest region, and unable to
contend against the vigorous undergrowth that prevails there,
the offspring of such seeds as fall to the ground are choked,
whilst the perennially humid atmosphere supports such as
sprout on the mossy limbs of trees, where they receive the
stimulus of light. R. Dalhousiae, for instance, which is never
found on the ground in the woods of Darjiling, grows in thou-
sands on the clay and mould banks of the roads which are cut
through the forest, the young plants coming up in profusion
as soon as the cuttings are made: these, however, seldom attain
any size, from the too great exposure of the soil, which in the
dry season rapidly parches during a short day’s heat. In Dr
Campbell’s garden at Darjiling there is a perpendicular bank,
15 feet high, exposed to the west, and partly sheltered from the
south-west by a house. R. Dalhousiae has annually appeared
on this, the seeds being imported by winds or birds from the
neighbouring forest. The seedlings, however, perished till
within the last two years, since which time abundance of Lyco-

I4. HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

podium clavatum and a Selaginella, with Marchantia, retain so
constant a supply of moisture that the plants now flourish and
flower in perfection.”’

R. formosum, Wall.

Rhododendron formosum was first described by Wallich in
1832 (Plantae Asiaticae Rariores, vol. iii. p.. 3, t. 207) from
specimens communicated to him by a Mr Smith in the year
1815. Wallich says the specimen came from “ the mountains
bordering on the province of Sylhet by the late Mr Smith.” On
the back of the original Wallichian drawing in the Kew collec-
tion, marked as having been painted by “ Royle, Carey & others,”
there is a pencil note saying the plant figured was from the
Khasia Hills. In the first volume of Wallich’s publication we
learn from the preface that Mr R. Smith was “an inhabitant
of Sylhet,’ and no doubt his excursions carried him into the
Khasia Hills to the North-West. I have not found a specimen
of R. formosum in Wallich’s herbariumat Kew. Buta Griffithian
specimen (Kew Distrib. No. 3506 partly) corresponds very
closely indeed to the drawing, and might be regarded as a suitable
topotype. This was collected by Griffith on the gth November,
1835 near a torrent on the road between Moflong and Myrung,
Khasia Hills. It is very nearly devoid of the long slender hairs
on the petioles and leaf margins which are often so characteristic
a feature of R. formosum in cultivation. But there are a few
on the petioles of Griffith’s specimen and some on the margin
of the very young leaves. Wallich’s description makes no
mention of these cilia, nor does he show them in his excellent
figure. But he no doubt described an entirely epilose mature
condition, which is represented by another of Griffith’s specimens
not localised or dated but bearing the same Kew distribution
number (3506). I am convinced that the entire. absence of
cilia from the petiole and leaf margins is not to be relied on
as a mark of specific distinction in this particular instance.
Neither is Wallich’s description of the ovary as villous of much
importance; he very probably saw the ovary through the
densely pubescent filaments and thought it was villous, when
in reality it is only densely lepidote. In the picture there is
no indication of its being hairy. Yet another discrepancy is
the fact that he described the style as glabrous, whereas it is
rather minutely lepidote in the lower part. The importance
of close observance of these fundamental specific characters
was no doubt in those early days not realised.

The plant described and figured as R. Gibsoni by Paxton
in his Magazine of Botany, viii. p. 217, is in my opinion not

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 15

specifically different from R. formosum. It was found on the
summit of the Khasia Hills at an elevation of about 4000 ft.
by Mr J. Gibson, by whom it was introduced in 1837 into the
gardens of His Grace the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth.
The herbarium specimens at Kew show almost every gradation
in the ciliation of the mature leaves, from entirely glabrous
to long-ciliate ; the young leaves are almost invariably densely’
ciliate. The degree of ciliation is no doubt regulated by the
age and vigour of individual plants, the older plants, like
R. yunnanense, tending to lose their hairs altogether

The status of the varieties salicifolia and inaequalis of
C. B. Clarke in the Flora of British India deserves closer study
than has perhaps hitherto been accorded them. They seem
to me to be worthy of specific rank, and I am confident they
would appear so if all were in cultivation. I have only seen
R. formosum in gardens, where it is still usually grown under
the name R. Gibsont. Some future collector in the Khasia
Hills will be able to throw much further light on this question.
The dried material of the three forms in this country is scarcely
sufficient to give a final opinion, but it is enough to show that
these plants should by no means be “‘ lumped ”’ together under
one name. There is very great variation in R. formosum as
shown by cultivated plants in the Temperate House, Kew, but
I do not think it possible to segregate them into distinct varieties
or even forms.

Rhododendron inaequale, Hutchinson.
(R. formosum, var. inaequalis, C. B. Clarke.)

Excepting Mr C. B. Clarke’s record from Shillong, Khasia
Hills, this species would appear to have been gathered only
on the Kollong Rock, a remarkable hill visited by Hooker in
July 1850, and described (Himal. Journ. ii. p. 293 with
drawing) as follows :—‘“‘ We twice visited a very remarkable
hill, called Kollong, which rises as a dome of granite 5400 feet
high, ten or twelve miles south-west of Myrung, and conspicuous
from all directions. . . . All the streams rise in flat marshy
depressions amongst the hills with which the whole country
is covered; and both these features, together with the flat
clay marshes into which the rivers expand, are very suggestive
of tidal action. Rock is hardly anywhere seen, except in the
immediate vicinity of Kollong, where are many scattered
boulders of fine-grained gneiss, of which are made the broad
stone slabs, placed as seats, and the other erections of this
singular people. We repeatedly remarked cones of earth, clay,
and pebbles, about twelve feet high, upon the hills, which

16 HutTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

appeared to be artificial, but of which the natives could
give no explanation. Wild apple and birch are common
trees, but there is little jungle, except in the hollows, and on
the north slopes of the higher hills. Coarse long grass, with
bushes of Labiate and Composite plants, are the prevalent
features.

“ Kollong rock is a steep dome of red granite, accessible from
the north and east, but almost perpendicular to the southward,
where the slope is 80° for 600 feet. The elevation is 400 feet
from the mean level of the surrounding ridges, and 700 above
the bottom of the valleys. The south or steepest side is en-
cumbered with enormous detached blocks, while the north is
clothed with a dense forest, containing red tree rhododendrons
and oaks; on its skirts grew a white bushy rhododendron,
which we found nowhere else.”

This white bushy rhododendron must have been R. inaequale,
though there are no flowers on Hooker’s specimens. The red
one collected by Hooker was no doubt what is at present regarded
as R. arboreum, but it too is in fruit. One wonders why, if they
were in flower, Hooker did not collect flowering material; or
did he guess the colour of the flowers? Hooker collected only
these two Rhododendrons on the Kollong Rock, a locality which
would no doubt repay the attention of some future collector.

Mr Clarke made the following remark regarding his var.
inaequalis (F\. Brit. Ind., iii. p. 473) :—“‘ This has been considered
a distinct species, and may be so, but the flowers are unknown.
Branches often hirsute-setose ; leaves entirely without the
setose ciliae common (but sometimes wanting) in R. formosum.
Capsules (of which there are numerous examples) more un-
symmetric than in any other Indian Rhododendron.” These
remarks are very much to the point. In his own herbarium
there are flowers, though much past their best and rather
withered, which were collected after the publication of the
Flora of British India.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE MADDENI SERIES.

I. Eumaddenia.—Petiole with a V-shaped groove on the upper side ;
leaves medium-sized, very densely rufous-lepidote, with the midrib

or pubescent ; ovary ‘cells

Q
©
=
)
=)

—
Rs
3

SS
;
=
a
2
=
bp)
Q

10-12 ; calyx usually well pf potion:

Filaments of the stamens glabrous :
Scales on the lower surface of the leaves contiguous or Boel! so,
never more than their own diameter apart . Migeene:
Scales on the lower surface of the leaves from 2-3 jsp their own
aie apart, the lower epidermis glaucous. 2. calophyllum.

HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 17

Filaments of the stamens hairy in their lower part :
Corolla tube about 2 cm. long ; anthers 3-4 mm. long
- 3. brachysiphon.
Corolla tube over 3¢ cm. long ; anthers 5-6 mm
Stamens 25; leaves rather small, |, oblong-lanceolate obtuse and
rounded at besa: ends : : . 4. polyandrum.
Stamens 15-2
Seales of the winter flower-bearing buds not pubescent
: mani purense
Scales of the winter buds silky “pubescent towards the t
6. fase

oe Megacalyx.—Petiole convex and not grooved on the upper side (very

slightly so in R. megacalyx) ; na usually large and. ebtest!
nerved, with the midrib raised on the upper surface ; stamen
10-1

the filaments always haba ; ovary cells 5; calyx ee
with broad lobes I-2.3 cm. long.
Stamens 15; corolla lepidote all over the outside; leaves large,
15-19 cm. long, ae with 18-20 lateral nerves ; petioles

2.5-4 cm. long ; fo ‘excellens,
Stamens Io:
ene and calyx not lepidote; calyx divided to about the

e, with very broad lobes ; ongal 2 cm. long, scarcely

ger than the persistent calyx lob . 8. megacalyx.

Pedicels and lower part of the calyx fepeocte Cs
mgt! puis all over the outside; capsule 4.5 cm. long,
acute ; Chinese Ssiceeee del species . 9. lilitflorum.
i Ts ] epidote e or only the lower part of the tube or
at the base ; Indian snes
sees softly pubescent as well as lepidote ; goons
ne-year-old branchlets bristly hairy ; calyx lo os kk
brous on the margins
Corolla cream, with er ey lines outside down the middle
of the lobes and down t 10. rhabdotum.
Corolla white, sometimes tinged with rose outside
. Dalhousiae.
Pedicels only lepidote
Corolla about aes cm. long ; calyx lobes nee densely
ciliate ; lateral-nerves of leaves 12-16 . 2. iM
Corolla about 10 cm. long or more; calyx ies sparingly
or scarcely ciliate ; lateral nerves 10-12. 13. Nu¢ttalltt.

Ill. Ciliiealyx.—Petiole with a V-shaped groove on the upper concave
side ; Lagos Ss m-sized or rather small, the midrib ee
above ; o (-13) ; ovary cells 5-7 (frequently 6) ; calyx
tially pita i Bevsloped a aa ciliate.
— quite smooth its full length, neither hairy nor lepidote ; Pat bes
a sae ad, 8-10 mm. long; corolla not lepidote outside ;
nchlets bristly hairy ; Sikkim species 14. pS ehe
Style slightly lepidote at the base ; calyx lobes large, about 8 mm.
long, densely fringed with crinkly hairs, lepidote outside ; corolla
densely lepidote outside, a: leaves age _ the young
branchlets hee sate ee ; W. Yunnan
£3: Pitacinicaniill
B

18 HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.
aa mere ted lepidote well above the base ; calyx lobes usually rather

* Corolla tube not lepidote outside or only slightly so at the base of
the lobes
Some of the calyx lobes connate to above the middle, nearly
I cm. long ; leaves oblanceolate or cs dane broader
So the middle ; S.W. B 16.
All the calyx lobes more or less e ually separa ated, never more than
6 mm. long; calyx sometimes po ieee ed and undulate:
Burma and Siam species ; leaves more or ae obovate-oblanceo-
late, narrowed from about or above the middle to the base,
obtusely triangular-acuminate at the apex; ovary 5-celled ;
capsule 3 cm. long ; ye shoots not setose

Veitchianum.
Yunnan (and Szechuan ss species; leaves mostly ‘rather acutely
triangular-acuminate ; ovary usually 6-celled; capsule

: ose :
Leaves more or less elliptic, equally pointed to both ends,

widest at the middle; scales on the lower leaf surface
more than their own diameter apart; W. Yunnan
species : ; ; : . 17. ethacalyx.

Leaves as in previous species ; scales very unequal, less than
their own diameter apart ; young branchlets very bristl
(Szechuan ? species) . 18. ps eudociliicalyx.

Leaves Lethe ec a ‘long-cuneate at the base, widest

above the middl eaf-scales about their own diameter
or ‘ae apart ; young branchlets sparingly pee ; aon
Yunnan species 19. m
Kweichow species ; leaves oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate,
shortly rounded-triangular at the apex ; shoots bristly hairy ;
style — in the lower #; capsule 2: 5cm.long 20. Lyt.
ee — sae more or less densely lepidote all over the outside or

own 0 ice.
tT; eet elliptic or ‘ovate, broadest below or at the middle
Calyx ciliate; leaves ovate, acutely trian phrcaca minate,
broadly rounded at the base ; scales on the lower surface of
the leaves nearly contiguous; flowers white, rosy outside ;
calyx setose-ciliate ; Yunnan species 21. roseatwm.
Calyx not or very sparingly ciliate ; leaves elliptic or oblong
elliptic ; scales laxer on the lower surface of the leaves :
Leaves more or less rounded to a blunt a apex ; pedicels
inserted on a softly tomentose “ foot ’ 1.5 mm. long, from
which they fall off ; flowers white, yellow inside the base ;
WwW n species ; calyx not ciliate . 22. lasiopodum.
Leaves vate abruptly and - aggre acuminate ; pedicels
without a tomentose “‘ foo flowers white, tinged with
pink, with — nee & ae inside the ae petals; calyx
sparingly cili urma ies 3. dendricola.
+7 Leaves obovate to Tie or aca widest above the middle :
nce» not linear or much elongated, usually well over 1.5 cm.

roa
Lnaeas = fail or white or oe with pink, some-
es with a yellow spot within the base :
Corolla 3 densely pubescent-villous all over the tube outside ;
Siamese speci" 5 og 6p ls 8H. Ludwigianum.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. Ig

Corolla me ik pubercent except sometimes near the bas
a dense below, usually much less aa their

‘fans r apa
Lacruacs contiguous or very nearly so
ves oblanceolate, long-tapered to the base
S. Yunnan (Szemao) species 25. rufosguamosion
Leaves obovate, shortly narrowed to the base :
Leaves pape triangular at ne apex ;
Yunnan specie . Scottianum.
Leaves acutely cringe tame
Leaf-scales purplish below, a and rather
fles ae wit the epidermis clearly visible
between ; S. Yunn: 27. pilicalyx.
Ce ataaie brown aoe. fairly large and
ky, almost entirely hiding the “a
anthers 7 mm. long ; Siamese specie
28. Sasianie
Leaf-scales not nearly contiguous below
One-year-old shoots very slightly or not at all
hai

W. Yunnan Species leaves rather small, oblan-
ceolate or sbavatioeisaneantiun. flowers dull
white, rosy outside ; corolla about cm. long

29. um.

N. ; Siam species : leaves Pata rohnenh <5
small; flowers white; corolla small, about 4

cm. lon ng : : . . 30. Sales.
ae puree species ; flowers flesh-pink ; corolla
6.5 cm. lon, 31. carneum.
Oadyencall shoots very densely’ bristly hairy ;
eaves obovate ; flowers white, spotted with red

inside ; Manipur cles ‘ :

One-year-old shoots bristly ; leaves oblanceolate to
oblong-oblanceolate ; flowers probably not pate:
oceans gro species

= Leaf-sca I-3 times bat own tiasiaeer'® varaity

Assam od Burmese specie
Capsule 3 cm. long, very cbiqae at t ve base ; corolla
es not setose

crinkled margins; young branchlets not setose ;
leaves distinctly more or less obovate ; Central and
South Burma . 34. Veitchianum,
Capsule not known ; ‘corulla tube scaly only on the
dorsal (adaxial) side, colour not isi young
branchlets, leaves, and petioles with bristly hairs
leaves a oblong-elliptic ; N. eee (Bhamo)
speci 35. Cubittit.
con I. 5-2 cm. long, straight ; corolla white and
tinged with yellow and rose or red; tube equally
lepidote all over the outside, ‘the lobes not or scarcely
crinkled on the margins; young branchlets and the

20 HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.
margins of the leaves veut all setose pubescent ;
Khasia Hills species 36. formosum.
||| aes yellow or gre sa

ature leaves densely oeides « on the upper surface, green

bate between the scales; inflorescence several-flowere

S.W. Burmese species 37. burmanicum.

Mature leaves more or less lepidote on the upper surface,
eS below between the scales; inflorescence often
1-flowered unnan species. 38. pac oe

§§ Leaves linear, acute, ey less than 1.5 cm. broad, 5

long, the scales below about their own diameter cer:
Assam (Khasia Hills) species : : 39. tteaphyllum.

1. Rhododendron Maddeni, Hook. f., Rhod. Sikkim Himal.
p. 19, t. 18 (1851) ; Journ: Hort. ‘Soc. Lond. vil. 79, 95
(1852) ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4805 (1854) ; Fl. des Serres, t.
g12 (1854) ; Rev. Hortic. 301, t. 16 (1855) ; Illustr. Horticol.
t. 140 (1857) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. iti. 472
(r882), incl. var. calophylla (partly) ; Millais, Rhodod. 206
(1917); R. Jenkinsii, Nutt. in Hook. Kew Journ. v. 361,
incl. vars. (1853) ; Regel, Gartenfl. ix. 1, t. 277 (1860).

A much-branched shrub up to 2.75 m. high; branches erect,
supple, covered with pale papery bark ; older branchlets marked
with the broadly triangular leaf-scars, the bark closely marked
with small black spots; one-year-old branchlets laxly leafy,
about 5 mm. thick, rather closely dotted with the minute dark-
coloured remains of the fallen scales; young lateral branchlets
closely covered with rust-coloured scales, not hairy. Leaves of
the one-year-old shoots lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse
or subacute at the base, acutely shortly acuminate at the apex,
averaging about 10-12 cm. long, and 3-4 cm. broad, the leaves
from older parts of the shoots more elliptic and about 15 cm.
long and 6.5 cm. broad, all firmly coriaceous, dull green and at
length nearly glabrous above (at first fairly densely lepidote),
completely covered below with very dense overlapping reddish-
brown scales,* the latter with a membranous fringe nearly as
broad as the nucleus ; lateral nerves 8—10, very slender, slightly
raised and forming a reticulate surface above, fainter beneath,
in the older leaves several secondary lateral nerves appearing
between the original ones; petiole 1.5~2.5 cm. long, closely
punctulate with the remains of the scales. Flowers 2-4 in each
inflorescence, all arising from the same level; floral buds
broadly ovoid, about 2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. in diameter, the
surrounding foliage leaves gradually becoming smaller inwards :

When these scales fall off, as they frequently do in older leaves, they leave

sot lower leaf surface with a punctate appearance, the “pits” in this S species
aring about their own diameter apart.

HUTCHINSON

THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 21

perulae in about 4-5 series, few, broadly ovate-orbicular, the
outer leathery, minutely downy, all provided with small rather
scattered scales except towards the margins, the latter very
minutely fringed with extremely short hairs; scars of the
fallen perulae very crowded (contiguous), longitudinally linear ;
pedicels stout, 1.3-1.5 cm. long, about 3.5 mm. thick, covered
with small nearly contiguous scales, not hairy ; bracts not seen.
Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes frequently very unequal, broadly ovate
to oblong, normally about 4 mm. long but occasionally the
adaxial one elongated to 1.5 cm. long, rather densely scaly
except towards the margin, not ciliate except the elongated one,
which bears a few short hairs at its tip. Corolla tubular funnel-
shaped, fleshy, white with a faint flush of rose on the outside
of the lobes which are outermost in bud; tube 4.5 cm. long,
slightly widened in the upper part, covered with scales outside
about their own diameter apart ; limb with a spread of 8-10 cm.,
nearly flat, 5-lobed, the lobes broadly suborbicular, about 4 cm.
wide, with undulate margins, scaly outside except towards
the margins. Stamens 20, about as long as the corolla tube;
filaments glabrous ; anthers 5 mm. long, orange-yellow. Ovary
to-celled, rather short for the size of the flower, covered with
contiguous scales ; style exserted, a little longer than the total
length of the corolla, scaly its full length except where it expands
into the large 5-lobed disciform stigma. Capsule oblong-ellip-
soid, 2-2.5 cm. long, about 1.4 cm. thick, ro-celled. Szeds
3-4 mm. long, tailed-acuminate, scarcely winged.

SIKKIM. Very rare in thickets by the Lachen and Lachoong
rivers at Choongtam, 6000 ft., fl. June to August, fr. November,
J. D. Hooker (type). Choongtam, by the bridge, 5000 ft.,
fis., June 1910, W. W. Smith, 3347; without definite locality,
G. H. Cave, 6734.

BuuTan. Angduphorang (Angduphodang ?), 7000 ft., 3 ft.
bush on dry hill side; fls. white, scented, with pink lines outside
and yellow throat, 6th June 1915, R. E. Cooper, 3957. Tongsa,
7zooo ft., September 1915, fr., R. E. Cooper, 4980. Timpu,
gooo it., 8th August 1911, young fr., R. E. Cooper, 3423. Punakha
Timpu, 7000 ft., bush 6 ft., fls. white, 6th June 1914, R. E. Cooper,
1292. Yonbo La, 7500 ft., 28th May 1905, J. C. White, 17.
Bhutan, without definite locality, Griffith, 1134, 2254; Booth.

This species was named -in compliment to Major Madden
of the Bengal Civil Service, of whom Sir J. D. Hooker * says
“‘a good and accomplished botanist, to whose learned memoirs
on the plants of the temperate and tropical zones of north-west
Himalaya the reader may be referred for an excellent account
of those regions.”’

* Sikkim Rhod. p. 19.

22 HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

R. Maddeni is well worth cultivating, but except in the
warmer parts of these islands it requires the shelter of a cool
greenhouse. At Kew it flourishes in the Himalayan House.
In the herbarium there is a dried specimen with semi-double
flowers which occurred at Kew in July 1882. One of the leaves
of this is remarkable in that it is obovate-orbicular, a character
which appears to occur occasionally in garden forms inclined
to doubling of their flowers.

In cultivated examples especially the leaf-scales are fre-
quently laxer than in wild specimens, and I strongly suspect
that this condition is brought about by change of environment.
The calyx, too, seems to be very variable in garden plants of
this species.

2. Rhododendron calophyllum, Nutt. in Hook.
Kew Journ. Bot. v. 362 (1853).

Leaf rather widely obovate, narrowed to the base, rounded
to a shortly mucronate obtuse apex, 9.5 cm. long, 4.8 cm. broad,
glabrous and laxly reticulate above, very glaucous and rather
laxly lepidote beneath, the scales about 2-3 times their own
diameter apart and very small, the epidermis very densely
papillous between the scales with rod-like papillae; midrib a
little impressed above, prominent beneath and scaly, about
2.25 mm. wide at the base, gradually tapered to the apex;
lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, the lower
ascending, the upper ones more spreading, slightly raised but
covered with papillae below; petiole broken off but rather wide
and finely channelled above, lepidote. Inflorescence 4-5-flowered
(Nuttall). Calyx not seen, lobes short, sub-equal, obtuse
(Nuttall). Corolla 7 cm. long, 5-lobed; tube broad, straight
in the lower part, a little expanded above, 4 cm. long, about
I cm. in diameter at the base, very densely scaly all over the
outside ; lobes ovate-rounded, 2.5-3 cm. long, about 2.5 cm.
broad, densely scaly outside. Stamens probably more than 15 ;
filaments unequal, the longest reaching to about the middle of
the corolla lobes, glabrous; anthers about 7 mm. long. Ovary
and style not seen. Capsule (according to Nuttall) “ cylindric-
ovate, obtuse, ro-celled.”

Buutan. On the southern slope of the Oola Mountain,
at about 6000-7000 ft., Booth.

The accompanying drawing shows part of the material (one
eaf and two flowers) upon which the above description is based.
The specimen is labelled ‘‘ Rhod. calophyllum, Nutt. Bot. Mag.,
t. 5002, Hort. Nutt.’ It agrees with Nuttall’s account of the

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 23

species, a transcription of which is given below.* C. B. Clarke’s
“R. Maddeni var. calophyllum’”’ of the Flora of Brit. India
is nearly all R. Maddeni. This meagre specimen is the only
one I have seen of the true R. calophyllum, Nutt.; probabl

all so named in cultivation at the present day are e R. Maddent.
The plant shown in the drawing cannot very well be the type

1
See, aa 5 hae ans
= SS

ee an) eee

Fic. 1.—Rhododendron calophylium, Nutt. (type). Nat. size.

of the Botanical Magazine, t. 5002, because the scales on the
under surface of the leaves in that figure are shown to be nearly

* “ Rhododendron calophyllum, Nutt.—Fruticosum: foliis brevi-petiolatis,
oblongo-ovatis, subellipticis, acutis, basi subrotundis subtus glaucis Me perseg :
corymbis 4~5-floris; calycis laciniis brevibus, lobis subaequalibus o
capsulis i Sg tis obtusis 1o-locularibus

“Hab. In Bhotan, with R. Jenkinsii, from which it is perhaps not sufficiently
distinct, though sess distinguished by the eye. The flowers of both are yet
unkn havi

reddish-purple, indicating probably a red flower. The leaves are 34-4 a
long, about 1$ inch wide, pointed, but not acuminate, also less scaly benea‘

24 HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

contiguous, whilst in the specimen before us they are 2-3 times
their own diameter apart. It should be noted in Nuttall’s
-description (see below) that the leaves are described as being
-glaucous, and also as less scaly than in R. Jenkinsti (=R. Mad-
deni), points which fit the specimen shown in the drawing
exactly

weve 3. Rhododendron brachysiphon, Balf. f. nom. nov.

R. brevitubum, Balf. f. et Cooper, in Notes, Roy. Bot. Gard.
W474 Edinb. x. 88 (1917), non J. J. Smith (1914).

A shrub about 2.5 m. high. Brvanchlets straight, sparingly
leafy, the older parts grey and shining, punctate with the scars
of the fallen scales, those a year old about 4 mm. thick and
rather closely lepidote ; axillary leaf-bearing buds still dormant
or only just expanding at the time of flowering, the bud-scales
densely lepidote outside, slightly ciliate. Leaves obovate or
the larger ones more or less elliptic, 5.5—12.5 cm. long, 2.5—5 cm.
broad, narrowed to the base, rounded to a small blunt mucronate
apex, rather thinly coriaceous, glabrous and reticulate above
when mature, very densely rusty-lepidote beneath, the scales
nearly contiguous with a few larger ones scattered here and
there, fleshy in the middle with a fairly wide membranous fringe,
the epidermis between the scales rather laxly papillous ; midrib
sunken and closely lepidote on the upper surface, prominent be-
low and rather laxly lepidote, 2 mm. wide at the base, gradually
tapered to the apex; lateral nerves 6-8 on each side of the
midrib, diverging from it at an angle of about 60°, slender,
arcuate and ascending parallel with the margin, distinct below
and a little flexuous ; secondary nerves not visible ; petiole up
to 1 cm. long, channelled on the upper side, closely lepidote-
punctate. Inflorescence 2-3-flowered ; pedicels 0.5-1 cm. long,
closely lepidote. Calyx about 7 mm. long, 5-lobed to near the
base ; lobes ovate-triangular, unequal, submembranous, glabrous
except the lepidote base outside. Corolla 5-lobed, pink and
scented, only 4.5 cm. long; tube 2 cm. long, lepidote outside
and on the back of the lobes; lobes 2.5 cm. long, rounded.
Stamens 20, unequal, exserted, reaching to above the middle
of the corolla lobes; filaments slender, strigillose-pubescent in
the lower third or half ; anthers 3.5-4 mm. long. Ovary short,

broadly ovoid, about 5 mm. long, rusty-lepidote ; style about
as long as the corolla, curved, laxly lepidote in the lower half,
crowned by a large lobulate stigma. Capsule not seen.

BuuTan. Punakha, 6000-7000 ft., bush 8 ft. high, on
steep hillsides, fls. 27th June 1915, R. E. Cooper, 3936 (Herb.

bias

-HutcuinsoON—TuHE MapDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 25

4. Rhododendron polyandrum, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

A bush 1 m. high; older branches covered with dull grey
bark finely punctulate with small black spots; one-year-old
branchlets finely punctulate-lepidote, leafy at the top. Leaves
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rounded-obtuse at both ends,
bluntly mucronate at the apex, 6-8 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. broad,
rigidly coriaceous, minutely lepidote and glossy-reticulate on
the upper surface, densely lepidote beneath, the scales contiguous
or nearly so, with dark brown central body and much paler
and nearly invisible membranous fringe, the epidermis between
the scales rather coarsely papillous; midrib impressed above,
prominent and rather sparingly lepidote beneath ; lateral nerves
about 6 on each side of the midrib, scarcely visible below ;
petioles 8-10 mm. long, lepidote, grooved above. Inflores cence
about 5-flowered, the pedicels arising from approximately the
same level ; scales of the flower buds leathery, minutely puberu-
lous and a little lepidote outside, not ciliate ; pedicels unequal,
stout, I.5-2 cm. long, lepidote with light-coloured scales. Caly
unequally 5-lobed, much longer on the dorsal (adaxial) side,
up to 3 mm. long, lepidote outside, with membranous mar-
gins. Corolla about 7 cm. long, lepidote all over the outside
except towards the margins of the lobes; tube apparently
almost straight, 3.5 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad when dried ;
lobes 5, broadly oblong. Stamens 25, exserted ; filaments very
slender, hairy in the lower half with broad membranous flake-
like hairs; anthers 5 mm. long. Ovary 12-celled, about 6 mm.
long, densely lepidote, gradually passing into the style; style

. pine polyandrum, Hutchinson, sp. affinis R. manipurensi,
Balf. f. et Watt, sed foliis oblongis vel oblongo- een are etbces rotundato-
rt.

Frutex 1 m. altus; ramuli vetustiores cortice cinereo minute nigro- ponte
Li

brunneo margine membranaceo, epidermide crasse papillosa ; costa media supra
impressa, infra prominens et parce lepidota ; nervi laterales utrinsecus circiter 6,
infra vix evidentes; petioli 8-10 mm. longi, lepidoti, supra aati Inflore-
scentia ae circiter 5-flora, pedicellis subumbellati gemmarum flori-

pedicelli inaequales, robusti, 1.5-2 cm. longi, squamulis pallidis lepidoti. Calyx
inaequaliter 5-lobatus, lobo dorsali (adaxiali) multo longiore, usque ad 3 mm.
longus, extra lepidotus, margine membranaceo. Co volla circiter 7 om. mee

stylus corollae fere aequilongus, fere ad apicem lepidotus, stigmate late ae
coronatus. psula non visa

26 HutTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON,
nearly as long as the corolla, lepidote close up to the broad
lobulate stigma.

Buutan. Chapcha Timpu, 8500 ft., bush 3 ft. high on hill
top, fis. white, 8th July 1914, R. E. Cooper, 1454 (Herb. Edinb.).

é
AV

)\
J \

Fic. 2.—Rhododendron polyandrum, Hutchinson, n. sp. Nat. size.

5. Rhododendron manipurense, Balf. f. et Watt, in Notes,
Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. x. 119 (1917). R. Maddeni, var.
obtusifolium, Hutchinson in Bot. Mag. t. 8212 (1908).

A much-branched tortuous tree or shrub; young branchlets
lepidote with imbricate scales, girt at the base by the persistent
crowded outer scales of the leaf-buds, sometimes a few of the
inner bud-scales also persisting ; one-year-old branchlets about

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 27

6 mm. in diameter, dark red or greyish-brown, lepidote with
brownish scales, the older branches becoming glabrous ; axillary
leaf-bearing buds still dormant and very small at the time of
flowering, ovoid-globose, densely lepidote outside ; outer perule
of the terminal leaf-bearing buds more or less leaf-like, and
gradually decreasing in size and becoming scale-like. Leaves
elliptic or oblong-elliptic, occasionally obovate or rarely one or
two of the lower ones suborbicular, rounded at the base, more
or less rounded to an obtuse mucronate apex, up to 18 cm. long
and 8 cm. broad, very thick and coriaceous, shining and im-
pressed-reticulate on the upper surface, very densely lepidote
below, the scales contiguous or nearly so and variable in size
from larger blacker scattered ones to small brown ones, the

epidermis conspicuously papillous; midrib slightly sulcate
above, very prominent beneath and lepidote; lateral nerves
about ro on each side of the midrib and diverging from it ata
wide angle, slightly prominent below ; petiole stout, up to 3 cm.
long, very finely grooved on the upper side, densely lepidote.
Inflorescence 4—5-flowered, the pedicels arising from about the
same level; flower-bearing buds large, ovoid, viscid, the outer
scales very thick and leathery and lepidote towards the middle ;

pedicels very stout, about I cm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, lepidote.
Calyx about 1.5 cm. long, 5-lobed to near the base ; lower basal
portion lepidote outside ; lobes more or less oblong, membranous,
at first lepidote outside but soon glabrescent, the posterior and
lateral ones a little shorter and broader than the others. Corolla
large and pure white, up to Io cm. long; tube rather narrowly
funnel-shaped, longer than the lobes, about 6.5 cm. long, lepidote
all over the outside; lobes.5, rounded, about 3 cm. broad,
lepidote outside mainly towards the middle. Stamens 17-20,
exserted ; filaments pubescent in the lower half; anthers
5 mm. long. Ovary 12-celled, about 8 mm. long, densely
lepidote ; style nearly as long as the corolla, lepidote nearly
to the apex, crowned by a very large lobulate disk-like
stigma. Capsule 2-4 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. thick, lepidote,
the central axis capped by the lower persistent portion of
the style.

Manipur. Naga Hills: Japvo Mountain, 8000—10,000 ft.,
fr., 9th March 1882, G. Watt, 6461; 10,000 ft., fls. 22nd July
1882, Dr W. Coury in Herb. G. Watt, 7333. Japvo, 9900 ft.,
fr., 25th October 1885, C. B. Clarke, 41348. Sirohifurar,
8000 ft., a common Rhododendron on the smaller peak, fr.,
12th April 1882, G. Watt, 6461. Ching Sow, 8000-8500 ft.,
old fr., 14th to 16th April 1882, G. Watt, 6512, 6513. Keyang
and the ranges approaching Sarameti into Burma, 9500 ft.,
in bud 22nd April 1882, G. Watt, 6703 (Herb. Kew).

28 HuUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

6. Rhododendron crassum, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot.
rance, xxxiv. 282 (1887); Bean in Kew Bull. 1914, 201;
Millais, Rhododendrons, 149 (1917).

- A shrub or tree up to 6.5 m. high; older branchlets covered
with minutely punctate grey bark; one-year-old branchlets
closely covered with small scales: axillary leaf-bearing buds
minute and still dormant at the time of flowering. Leaves
rather crowded and whorled, lanceolate or obovate-oblanceolate,
mostly more or less triangular and obtusely mucronate at the
apex, subcuneate at the base, 6-12 cm. long, 2-7 cm. broad,
very thick and rigidly coriaceous, lepidote above especially
when young and later mainly towards the midrib, at length
rather glossy and reticulate, densely lepidote below, the scales
ferruginous, unequal, and less than their own diameter apart
or more or less contiguous, with rather narrow membranous
fringe ; midrib impressed above, prominent below and lepidote ;
lateral nerves 8-12 on each side of the midrib; slender but
fairly distinct below; petiole about 1.5-2 cm. long, stout,
closely lepidote, grooved on the upper side. Inflorescence
3-5-flowered, the pedicels arising from approximately the same
level; bud-scales very thick and leathery, the outer ones
rounded, laxly lepidote and minutely puberulous outside, the
inner ones widely bilobed at the apex and silky villous outside
towards the top ; pedicels stout, I-1.5 cm. long, densely lepidote
especially towards the apex. Calyx rather variable, up to 1.3 cm.
long, 5-lobed to near the base, lobes membranous, more or less
oblong, glabrous. Corolla white, 6-9 cm. long, rather narrowly
funnel-shaped, densely lepidote all over the outside; tube
longer than the lobes; lobes 5, oblong or broadly elliptic, with
wavy margins. Stamens 15-21,* longer than the corolla tube;
filaments strigillose-pubescent in their lower half; anthers
about 6 mm. long. Ovary to-celled, densely scaly, short and
broadly ovoid; style a little shorter than the corolla, stout,
lepidote to near the apex, crowned by a large disk-like stigma.
Capsule straight, 3 cm. long, about 1.4 cm. thick, lepidote,
10-ribbed or valved.

WESTERN YUNNAN. Hou-tien-pa, Mt. Tsang-chan, above
Tali, 7500 ft., Delavay, 2112 (type in Herb. Paris)—not seen.
Amongst shrubs on Mt. Tsang-chan, gooo ft., fls. 15th June
1889, Delavay, 4157. Shady moist situations in pine forests
on the eastern flank of the Tali Range, lat. 25° 40’ N., 11,000-—
12,000 ft., shrub 15-20 ft., fis. rosy-white, August 1906, G.
Forrest, 4139. Eastern flank of the Tali Range, lat. 25° 40’

* Franchet describes the number of stamens as 13, but in the specimen at
Kew there are 20. I have not found fewer than 15 in any specimen of crassum.

HvUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 29

N., 12,000 ft., amongst scrub and rock, shrub 4-8 ft., fls. white,
washed with rose at the base, fragrant, July 1910, G. Forrest,
6759; same region, 10,000 ft., June 1913, G. Forrest, 11672 ;
June 1914, G. Forrest, 13457. Western flank of the Shweli-
Salween Divide, lat. 25° 20’ N., gooo—I0,000 ft., amongst scrub,
shrub 4-8 ft., in fruit, December 1912, G. Forrest, 9431. Shweli-
Salween Divide, lat. 25° 30’ N., 10,000 ft., open rocky slopes
and in thickets, shrub 4-6 ft., fls. white, flushed with rose
outside, August 1917, G. Forrest, 15887. Mekong-Salween
Divide, lat. 28° 12’ N., 10,000 ft., on ledges of cliffs and humus-
covered boulders, shrub 2 it., fls. fragrant, creamy-white, July
1917, G. Forrest, 14239.

Upper Burma. Ridge of Naung-chaung, Nwai Divide, on
open granite ridge in forest, 8000-go000 ft., fls. pure white,
marked with pale yellow at extreme base of corolla, very fragrant,
17th July 1914, Kingdon Ward, 1817 (Herb. Edinb.). Hpimaw,
open forest, on damp shady limestone cliffs, small bush, with
spreading loose habit, 6-10 ft. high, fls. white, not fragrant,
gth July 1914, Kingdon Ward, 1757 (Herb. Edinb.).

It is not without considerable hesitation that I have included
in the above Mr Kingdon Ward’s specimens from the Nwai
Divide and Hpimaw, Burma. They are more robust and their
leaves are larger than in the Yunnan plants, but I can discover
no real difference to separate them.

te) Rhododendron excellens, Hemsl. et E. H. Wils.
in Kew Bull. rgro, 113.

A shrub about 3.3 m. high; one-year-old branchlets dark
purple, slightly flexuous, about 6 mm. thick in the middle,
terete, rather densely covered with small very dark ferruginous
scales ; axillary leaf-buds very small (about 2 mm. in diameter)
at the time of flowering, subglobose, densely lepidote, the bud-
scales glabrous towards the margin and very minutely ciliolate.
Leaves large, oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends, slightly
unequal at the base, obtusely mucronate at the apex, 15-19 cm.
long, 4-5.5 cm. broad, coriaceous, glabrous and dull above,
somewhat glaucous and rather densely lepidote below, the
scales about their own or a little less than their own diameter
apart (probably almost contiguous in younger leaves), the
epidermis densely papillous between the scales ; midrib slightly
raised above, a little scaly towards the base, very prominent
and rounded below, about 4 mm. thick at the base, gradually
tapered to the apex; lateral nerves about 18-20, distinct on
the upper, prominent on the lower surface, spreading from the
midrib at a wide angle, slightly arcuate, looped and branched

30 HutTcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Fic. 3.—Rhododendron excellens, Hemsl. and Wils. Nat. size.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 31

towards the margin, the junctions of the nerves forming a
distinct coarsely crenate intramarginal nerve ; transverse nerves
faint and inconspicuous ; petioles terete, about 3.5 mm. thick,
dark purple, covered with small scales and at length punctate
with their impressions. Inflorescence 3—4-flowered, the pedicels
arising from about the same level; scars of the fallen bud-scales
very dense, transversely linear, straw-coloured ; pedicels stout,
2 cm. long, about 4 mm. thick, densely covered with dark red
rather fleshy scales. Calyx 1-1.5 cm. long, tubular and slightly
scaly outside at the base, the lobes rounded, glabrous outside,
very slightly or not at all ciliate on the margins. Corolla white
(Henry), rather widely funnel-shaped, gradually widened from
the base upwards, rather densely scaly outside the tube and
up the back of the lobes; tube 7.5-8 cm. long, about I cm. in
diameter at the base, 7 cm. broad at the top when flattened out ;
lobes 5, shallowly and widely emarginate, about 2.5 cm. long
and 3.5 cm. broad. Stamens 15, much shorter than the corolla
tube; filaments rather densely pubescent in the lower two-
thirds ; anthers large, 1.2-1.3 cm. long. Ovary 5-celled, 1.5 cm.
long, gradually narrowed into the style, densely covered with
reddish-brown scales ; style slightly exceeding the corolla tube,
8.5-9 cm. long, scaly for about the lower 4 of its length, glabrous
above, stout, crowned by a very large lobulate disk-like stigma
about 7 mm. in diameter. Capsule not seen.

SOUTH YUNNAN. South of the Red River from Mengtze ;
“only one specimen brought by a native, shrub ro ft., fls. white,”
7th July, A. Henry, 13666 (Herb. Kew; photograph in Herb.
Edinb.).

I have given a new and more detailed description of this
truly magnificent species because there is so far only one dried
specimen in existence. As it flowers in July in S. Yunnan, it
would probably also flower late in cultivation.

8. Rhododendron megacalyx, Balf. f. et Ward in Notes,
Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. ix. 246 (1916).

A bushy tree of 3-5 m.; one-year-old branchlets dark
brownish-purple, terete, rather laxly marked with the remains
of small scales; axillary leaf-buds already elongating at the
time of flowering, then about 1.5 cm. long, their scales slightly
lepidote on the back but not ciliate. Leaves fairly large, elliptic
or slightly obovate-elliptic, slightly narrowed to the rounded
base, rounded to a sunken tip at the apex, 11-14.5 cm. long,
4-7 cm. broad, rather rigidly coriaceous, glabrous and dull
above when mature (densely lepidote above when young),
glaucous and densely lepidote below, the scales small and much

32 HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

sunken, about their own diameter apart, with scarcely any
membranous fringe; midrib impressed above, very prominent
below, about 4 mm. wide at the base, gradually tapered to a

.
Pat hel

=a MT ‘
SN

aoe

Sy WARY

x
a
oO PZ
ass
OFZ

Fic. 4.—Rhododendron megacalyx, Balf. f. Nat. size.

small rounded callous sunken apex, very slightly lepidote below ;
lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, diverging
from the midrib at an angle of 45°, very prominent below,
straw-coloured, sparingly lepidote, branched and faintly looped

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 33

towards the margin; secondary nerves slender and incon-
spicuous, more or less parallel; petioles terete except for a
shallow groove on the upper side, about 3 mm. thick, dark purple,
covered with fairly close small whitish scales or punctate with
their remains. Inflorescence about 5-flowered, the pedicels
arising from rather different levels (very shortly racemose) ;
scars of the fallen scales dense and contiguous, transversely
linear, straw-coloured ; pedicels fairly stout, 2.5-3 cm. long,
about 2.5 mm. thick, probably at length nodding and curved,
quite glabrous. Calyx 2.3 cm. long, campanulate, with a re-
markably long tube about 1.5 cm. long, glabrous outside ; lobes
5, very broadly ovate, rounded at the apex, about 1.3 cm. long
and up to 1.5 cm. broad, not ciliate. Corolla white, with a
sweet nutmeg-like smell (Ward), broadly funnel-shaped-cam-
panulate, probably slightly asymmetrical, laxly scaly mainly
in line below and on the back of the lobes; tube 6 cm. long,
rather abruptly constricted towards the base, nearly I cm. in
diameter at the base, about 8 cm. broad at the top when flattened
out ; lobes 5, broadly semicircular, about 3 cm. broad, very
thin when dry. Stamens io, a little shorter than the corolla
tube ; filaments slender, unequal, pubescent in the lowermost
fourth of their length; anthers comparatively small, about
5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, 7 mm. long, abruptly contracted
into the style, densely lepidote; style curved, a little longer
than the corolla tube, with a few white scattered scales only
towards the base, glabrous above, fairly stout, crowned by a
slightly lobulate stigma about 5 mm. wide when flattened out.
Capsule enclosed by the persistent rigidly membranous calyx
lobes, 2 cm. long, covered with golden somewhat glandular
scales.

East UPPER BurMA. Nwai Valley; bushy tree of 15-25 ft.,
in rain forest, rather open ground, by stream, 7000-8000 ft.,
flower white, smelling very sweetly of nutmeg, ae June r9r4,
Kingdon Ward, 1628 (Herb. Edinb.).

9. Rhododendron liliiflorum, Léveillé in Fedde, Repert.
Xiil. 102 (I9I3).

Branchlets not seen. Leaves (seen only in a fragmentary
condition) oblong-lanceclate, slightly narrowed to the base,
apex not seen but evidently subacute, 7-14 cm. long, 2-4 cm.
broad, rigidly coriaceous, dull and impressed-reticulate on the
upper surface, glabrous except for the finely scaly lower portion
of the midrib, finely lepidote below, the scales about their own
diameter apart, small and equal in size, reddish-brown, glistening
when dry, fleshy in the middle, with a rather narrow membranous

34 HutTcHINsoN—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON,

fringe, the epidermis very slightly papillous between the scales ;
midrib slightly raised in a groove, raised below, rather densely
covered with a little larger scales than on the leaf surface, about
2.25 mm. broad at the base, gradually tapered to the apex ;
lateral nerves probably about Io (in one small leaf there are 8),
slightly impressed above, a little prominent below, diverging

Fic, 5.—Rhododendron liliiflorum, Lév. Nat. size,

from the midrib at an angle of about 60°, slightly flexuous,
faintly looped towards the margin; secondary nerves scarcely
visible below; petiole 2.5 cm. long, nearly 3 mm. thick at the
base, closely scaly, apparently not grooved on the upper side,
reddish-purple. Pedicels (length?) rather closely scaly, about
3 mm. thick at the tip. Calyx 1 cm. long, lobed to nearly the
base on one side, on the other the lobes connate nearly their
full length, very broadly oblong, rounded at the apex, with
crenulate (probably at first scaly) margins, membranous, about

HUvUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON, 35

7 mm. broad, sparingly lepidote all over the outside but more
densely so towards the base. Corolla white, scented (Cavalerie),
tubular below, widely funnel-shaped from about 2 cm. above
the base; tube 7 cm. long, 1 cm. diameter at the base, 6 cm.
broad at the top when flattened out, rather densely lepidote
outside with small fleshy scales ; lobes 5, broadly semicircular,
about 3 cm. broad and 2 cm. long, slightly fringed with short
hairs, scaly outside. Stamens 10, much shorter than the
corolla tube, nearly equal; filaments rather densely woolly-
hairy in the lower third of their length; anthers large, about
8.5 mm. long. Ovary scaly, probably 5-celled (see capsule) ;
style about as long as the corolla tube, 6 cm. long, rather densely
scaly in the lower half, fairly stout, crowned by a large lobulate
“fist-like’’ stigma about 6 mm. wide. Capsule 5-celled, with
5 rounded ribs, curved, acuminate, about 4.5 cm. long, 1.3 cm.
broad, rather closely lepidote with small fleshy scales, girt at
the base by the persistent rigidly chartaceous strongly striate
calyx lobes.

KweEicuHow. Pin-Fa: Yuin-Ou-chau, “fl. blanches, odo-
rantes,”’ 3rd June to 15th July 1902, J. Cavalerie, 54 (Herb.
Edinb.).

The presence of this species, apparently a very beautiful
one, and perhaps hardy, in Kweichow is interesting, in that it
extends the distribution of the Maddeni series very much
farther eastward,

I have drawn up the above description from an imperfect
specimen (see fig. 5) in the Edinburgh Herbarium. This
material consists of two fragmentary leaves, one nearly whole,
and a single but perfect flower, and a fine capsule. The capsule
is remarkable in being curved, strongly ribbed, and tipped by
the persistent base of the style, whilst at the base it is girt by
the somewhat toughened persistent calyx lobes which become
strongly striate.

R. liliiflorum is undoubtedly a close ally of R. excellens,
Hemsl. and Wils., both of which would be very desirable for
cultivation, as they are about the finest of the series and late
flowering.

10. Rhododendron rhabdotum, Balf. f. et Cooper in Notes,
Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. x. 141 (1917).

A tree 4 m. high; one-year-old branchlets rather slender,
reddish-brown, very sparingly scaly, with a few rather long
setose hairs towards the apex, the young branchlets densely
scaly and bristly with hairs ; axillary leaf-buds very small
(about 1.5 mm. in diameter) and globose at the time of flowering,

36 HuTCHINSON —THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

the scales apparently not lepidote. Leaves fairly large, obovate-
oblong-elliptic, slightly narrowed to an obtuse or subacute
base, rounded to a small blunt callous tip, 9-14 cm. long, 3-4.8
cm. broad, rather thinly coriaceous, glabrous and dull green
above when mature (at first rather densely scaly), laxly reticu-
late, glaucous-green below and lepidote, the scales about 3 sizes
and always more than their own diameter apart, rather fleshy
in the middle with a narrow membranous fringe, the epidermis
between the scales densely papillous, the papillae pale coloured
and rod-like; midrib slightly raised above, very prominent
and slightly scaly below, about 2.25 mm. broad at the base,
gradually tapered to the apex; lateral nerves about g—Io on
each side of the midrib, like the veins slightly raised and distinct
on the upper surfaces, prominent but slender and flexuous
on the lower surface, straw-coloured, diverging from the midrib
at an angle of about 60°, arcuate, rather faintly looped towards
the margin; secondary nerves few and rather faint ; petioles
1.5 cm. long, about 3 mm. thick at the base, subterete, apparently
not grooved on the upper side, slightly scaly when mature,
setose on the edges and densely scaly when young. Inflorescence
probably very few-flowered (only 3 flowers seen), the pedicels
arising from the same level; scars of the fallen bud-scales
rather broadly transversely ‘linear, contiguous, pale straw-
coloured ; pedicels 1.7 cm. long, 2.5 mm. thick, rather densely
scaly and softly pubescent. Calyx 1 cm. long, 5-lobed to nearly
the base, scaly outside only at the base, the lobes oblong or
oblong-elliptic, about 9 mm. long and 4-5 mm. broad, mem-
branous, softly and thinly pubescent about the middle outside,
very finely and inconspicuously ciliate around the apex, glabrous
within, striate. Corolla cream-coloured with red lines down
the back of the lobes, gradually funnel-shaped from the base,
glabrous outside; tube 8 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter
at the base, nearly 8 cm. wide at the throat when spread out ;
lobes 5, with rather shallow sinus between, about 1.5 cm. long
and about 3.5 cm. broad, not at all emarginate. Stamens Io,
slightly longer than the corolla tube; filaments slender,
woolly-pubescent in their lowermost third; anthers large,
I-1.2 cm. long. Ovary 5-celled, conical, 1 cm. long, gradually
narrowed into the style, densely covered with overlapping
scales; style slightly longer than the corolla, about ro cm.
long, rather slender, laxly scaly in the lower half, crowned
with a lobulate stigma about 5 mm. broad. Capsule not
known.
BuuTan. Punakka, 8000 ft., on dry rocky faces, tree 12 ft.,

fils. 29th a 1915, R. = Cooper, 3937.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON, 37

11. Rhododendron Dalhousiae, Hook. f. Rhod. Sikkim, t. i,
quoad icon. orig. in MSS., nec icon. ii. ed.; Hook. f. in
Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond., vii. 77, 93 partim; Hook., Bot.
Mag., t. 4718 (1853) ; FI. des Serres, v. 460-468 (1849)
partim ; R. macrocarpus, Griff. Itin. Notes, 138.

An epiphyte on tree stems, rarely on rocks. Branches rather
elongated, the older ones reddish-purple and smooth; one-
year-old branchlets rather closely lepidote and bristly towards
the apex; axillary leaf-bearing buds quite small and still
dormant at the time of flowering, the covering scales slightly
lepidote outside and fringed with a few hairs. Leaves obovate
or oblanceolate, rounded to an obtuse hardened apex, cuneate
at the base, 7-15 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. broad, firmly coriaceous,
at first densely scaly above but soon becoming glabrous and
dull, mostly somewhat glaucous below and rather densely
lepidote, the scales very small and unequal in size, fleshy in the
middle, with a narrow membranous fringe, about their own
diameter (or slightly more) apart, the epidermis between the
scales very densely papillous with rod-like papillae ; midrib
raised on both surfaces, more prominent beneath and slightly
lepidote, about 2 mm. broad at the base; lateral nerves about
Io on each side and diverging from the midrib at an angle of
40°—60°, forked and faintly looped towards the margin, prominent
below but rather slender ; secondary nerves not visible ; petioles
I-1.5 cm. long, almost terete, not grooved above, rather densely
covered when young with scales which soon fall off, mostly
bristly with long hairs. Inflorescence about 5-flowered, the
pedicels arising from approximately the same level; flower-
bearing buds ovoid, about 4 cm. long just before opening, the
scales not or only very slightly lepidote outside but fringed
towards the mucronate tips with soft short white hairs, appressed-
villous within the apex; scars of the fallen scales very high
and contiguous, straw-coloured ; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, softly
pubescent and rather densely covered with small fleshy scales.
Calyx about I cm. long, 5-lobed to nearly the base; lobes
oblong or oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex, up to 5.5 mm.
broad, a little scaly towards the base, sparingly clothed about
the middle. outside with a few delicate hairs, not at all ciliate
on the margins. Corolla white, tinged with rose outside, frag-
rant, about 9 cm. long, gradually funnel-shaped from a fairly
wide base ; tube glabrous outside except for a few scales towards
the base on the adaxial side, 6-8 cm. long, about 7-8 cm. in
diameter at the mouth; lobes 5, broad, with undulate margins.
Stamens to, slightly longer than the corolla tube; filaments
broad, pubescent towards the base ; anthers large, about 1.3 cm,

38 HutcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

long, chocolate-brown. Ovary 5-celled, rather abruptly tapered
into the style, about 1 cm. long, very densely covered with
closely packed scales ; style curved about as long as the corolla,
scaly in its lower two-thirds, crowned by the large depressed-
globose somewhat horny stigma. Capsule about 4.5 cm. long,
the valves rugulose-lepidote, slightly keeled, girt at the base by
the persistent calyx. Seeds 2 mm. long, narrowly margined and
shortly tailed, straw-coloured.

SIKKIM. Darjeeling, 6000-8000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Tonglo,
May 1848, J. D. Hooker. Senchal Forest, 7000 ft., 13th May
1g02, J. H. Lace, 2208 (Herb. Edinb.). Senchal, 8000 ft.,
fls. 23rd June 1912, Ribu and Rhomoo (Herb. Edinb.).
Sikkim, without definite locality, G. H. Cave, 6735 (Herb.
Edinb.).

Buutan. Chukka Timpu, 6000 ft., bush 8 ft., fls. yellow-
primrose, 24th April 1915, R. E. Cooper, 3806 (Herb. Edinb.).
Punakka, 6000-7000 ft., bush 8 ft., fruiting on steep dry hill-
side, 26th June 1915, R. E. Cooper, 3935 (Herb. Edinb.).
Bhutan, without precise locality, Griffith, 22, 37.

The confusion of R. Dalhousiae with R. Lindleyi, Moore, is
dealt with at some length in the introductory notes to this
paper (see p. 10). The differences between the two are numerous,
and may be shown as follows :—

R. Dalhousiae, Hook f. (sensu
stricto).

ae aes branchlets bristly
towards the x
Leaves Shovuté: cuneate at the
the scales below about
their own diameter apart.
Pedicels softly hairy as well as

Calyx lobes quite glabrous on
the margins
Corolla about g-12 cm. long,
more or less gradually widened
upwards.

Anthers about 1.3 cm. long.

Style lepidote in its Howe two-
thirds.

Capsule valves keeled.

R. Lindleyi, T. Moore.

One- year-old branchlets not
bristly.
Leaves elliptic, rounded at the
base, the scales below much more
then their own diameter apart.
Pedicels only scaly.

Calyx lobes os fringed with
soft white hai
Corolla ie 7-8 cm. long,
more or less saccate and abruptly
widened about the middle.
s 7-8 mm. long.
Style lepidote only at the very

ase.
Capsule valves not keeled.

12. Rhododendron Lindleyi, T. Moore in Gard. Chron. 1864,

364.
Ind. iii. 475 (1882).

R. bhotanicum, C. B.

Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit.

woody parasitic climber growing upon various species ot
ue (Watt; n. 7004) ; older branchlets brown or greyish, spotted

HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON, 39

with the remains of the scales; one-year-old branchlets rather
sparingly lepidote, not setose; axillary leaf-buds very small,
and still dormant at the time of flowering. Leaves elliptic or
rather elongate-oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends or occasion-
ally a little cuneate at the base, rounded to a projecting or
reflexed obtuse callous apex, 6-15 cm. long, 1.5-5.5 cm. broad,
rather thinly coriaceous, glabrous dull and laxly reticulate above,
glaucous beneath and rather laxly lepidote, the scales somewhat
small and unequal and about 2-3 times their own diameter
apart, the epidermis between the scales very closely papillous ;
midrib very slightly impressed on the upper surface, prominent
below, about 2.5 mm. broad at the base, gradually tapered to
the apex of the leaf, sparingly lepidote ; lateral nerves 10-12 on
each side of the midrib, diverging from it at an angle of about
45°, distinct above, prominent below and rather wavy, crenately
looped near the margin ; secondary nerves lax and subparallel ;
petioles 1.5-2 cm. long, not grooved above, rather sparingly
lepidote. Inflorescence 4—6-flowered ; scars of the fallen bud-
scales very wide, straw-coloured ; pedicels arising from slightly
different levels, 1-1.5 cm. long, very densely covered with rust-
coloured scales. Calyx about 1.5 cm. long, 5-lobed to near the
base ; lobes broadly oblong-elliptic, about 7 mm. broad, rounded
at the apex, membranous, finely striate, glabrous outside except
for a few scales at the base, rather densely fringed with soft
white hairs. Corolla about 7-8 cm. long, widely tubular and
rather suddenly broadened and slightly saccate in the middle ;
tube 5-6 cm. long, lepidote around the base only; lobes 5;
rounded and emarginate. Stamens 10, about as long as the
corolla tube ; filaments rather densely villous in their lower third
or nearly half; anthers 7-8 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, nearly
I cm. long, very densely covered with rusty scales ; style curved,
a little shorter than the corolla, lepidote only at the very base,
crowned by a very large disk-like stigma. Capsule apparently
straight, 5 cm. long, the valves finely lepidote, not keeled, some-
what membranous, surrounded at the base by the persistent
calyx. Seeds not seen.

Sikkim. 6000-8000 ft., 1848, fls., J. D. Hooker. Langhep,
gooo ft., 4th May 1876, fls., C. B. Clarke, 27762. Dikeeling,
Sooo ft., 11th May 1876, fis, C. B. Clarke, 27876a. Darjeel-
ing to Tongloo, in Magnolia forests of Lower Sikkim, 8000-g000
ft., 19th April 1881, flowers pale white, scented, G. Watt, 7004.
On the way from Tongloo to Sandukfu, S. Sikkim, 10,000 ft.,
just past flowering, 11th May 1881, G. Watt, 5363. RS td to
Sandukfu, 9500 ft., 29th May 1902, J. H. Lace, 2253. Darj
towards Jalapahar, about 7500 ft., epiphytic, 13th — 1913,
young flowers, C. Lacaita, Fone

40 HuTcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

BuuTAN. Without definite locality, T. J. Booth.
Manipur. On Ist peak North East of Ching Sow, epiphytic
on trees, forming a small bush, in bud zoth April 1882, G. Watt,

Fic. 6.—Rhododendron Lindleyi, T. Moore. Nat. size.

6595 (Herb. Edinb.). Summit of Keyar, gooo ft., an epiphyte
with long drooping branches and long yellow-white tubular
flowers, 22nd April 1882, G. Watt, 6716 (Herb. Edinb.).

For notes on this species and its confusion with R. Dalhousiae
Hook. f., see pp. 10, II. eit

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON, 41

13. Rhododendron Nuttallii, Booth in Kew Journ. Bot.
V. 355 (1853) ; Hooker, Bot. Mag., t. 5146 (1859); FI. des
Serres, xiii. t. 1326-27 (1858) ; Illustr. Hortic. 1859, t. 208 ;
C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii. 470 (1882) ;
Gard. Chron. xx. (1883), 49. Millais, Rhododendrons, 218,
with photograph (1917).

A tree Io m. high or a parasitic shrub about 4 m. high and
then straggling with thick tuberous roots; one-year-old branch-
lets stout, 6-8 mm. thick, dark purplish-brown when dry, nearly
glabrous; axillary leaf-buds very small and still dormant at the
time of flowering; young branchlets with a few of the lower scale-
leaves persistent, densely lepidote with scales which soon fall off.
Leaves large, coarsely and strongly bullate-reticulate, elliptic,
rounded at both ends, shortly and obtusely mucronate at the
apex, 12-20 cm. long, 6—10 cm. broad, coriaceous, at first densely
lepidote on the upper surface, soon becoming glabrous, densely
lepidote below, the scales about 14-2 times their own diameter
apart, rather small, unequal in size and more or less rusty-
brown when dry, the epidermis between the scales laxly papillous;
midrib raised on the upper surface especially towards the base,
very prominent below, sparingly lepidote, about 3-4 mm. broad
at the base, gradually tapered to the apex ; lateral nerves 12-16
on each side of the midrib, slightly elevated in a depression
above, very prominent beneath, diverging from the midrib at an
angle of about 45°, repeatedly looped and flexuous towards the
margin; secondary nerves lax and distinct below; petioles
about 2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, compressed-terete, convex
and not grooved on the upper side, rather sparingly lepidote
when mature. Inflorescence about 5-flowered (sometimes up to
t1-flowered, Hooker, l.c.), the pedicels arising from approxi-
mately the same level; flower-bearing buds very large, broadly
ovoid, about 5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. through, the scales glaucous
outside, very thick and leathery, and fringed in the upper
part with soft short hairs, appressed silky villous towards the
-apex within; pedicels nodding, about 3 cm. long, reaching
4-5 cm. in fruit, lepidote, about 4mm. thick. Calyx 1.5-2.5 cm.
long, 5-lobed nearly to the base, the lobes chartaceous, oblong-
elliptic, rounded at the apex, usually about 1 cm. broad, glabrous
outside, sometimes with a few short weak hairs on the margin.
Corolla 10 cm. long or more, widely campanulate in the upper
part, with a limb about 15 cm. across, 5-lobed, white suffused
with yellow within the tube, the lobes slightly tinged pink ;
tube lepidote mainly towards the base outside; lobes scarcely
lepidote, rounded. Stamens 10, crowded together in the middle
of the flower, about as long as the corolla tube; filaments

42 HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

pubescent towards the base ; anthers about 1 cm. long, reddish-
brown. Ovary 5-celled, nearly 1 cm. long, densely lepidote only
towards the base, curved towards the top, nearly as long as the
corolla, crowned by a very large depressed stigma about 8 mm.
indiameter. Capsule straight, 3-3.5 cm. long, the valves faintly
keeled on the back, lepidote. Seeds 3 mm. long, broadly winged,
light straw-coloured.

Buutan. Duphla Hills at Meré Patar about Seram’s village,
on the banks of the Papoo, swampy ground amongst Yews and
Oaks at 4000-5000 ft., T. J. Booth.

I have seen no other dried wild specimens than the original
ones collected by Booth, of which there are four sheets at Kew,
and upon which the above new description is based.

This beautiful species needs no recommendation as a green-
house plant; it is perhaps the finest of the lepidote-leaved
Rhododendrons. Sir William Hooker (Bot. Mag. l.c.) described
it as the “‘ Prince of Rhododendrons,”’ and continues, “‘ It flowered
in the Rhododendron House at Kew in May of the present year
[1859], and of which a drawing of the flowering portion, on
imperial folio, is now before us. The height was nine feet. The
principal branch was terminated by a corymb of ten or twelve
flowers, the cluster measuring fifteen inches across ; the corollas
white, yellow in the centre, having measured six inches across,
with a tinge of blush on the lobes; and the bud, just before
expansion, is of the same length. The leaves have their charms
too; the largest of them a foot long, including the short thick
petiole, are much puckered on the superior surface, that is
swollen or blistered in the areoles of the network, and these
reflect a strong light. Nor does this include all the beauties of
the plant. The corymb, long before it is developed, is enclosed
within a scaly bud, if I may call it, six inches long and nearly
four inches in diameter, very much resembling a pine-cone or
the flower-head of some South African Proteaceous plant ; and
the large deciduous scales are richly coloured too, almost white
below, deep rose in the centre, and tipped with green. Some-
what similar but smaller scale-buds envelop the infant foliage,
which, too, is red when it first bursts forth. Such a Rhodo-
dendron well merits the name of the late Mr Nuttall, given to
it by its discoverer, Mr Booth; and we know that but a little
before his lamented death, one of the last sources of pleasure he
derived from the vegetable creation, which he had so long and
so successfully studied, was the information of his namesake
having for the first time flowered (at Kew), and the sight of the
large drawing above referred to.”’

Mr Millais tells us that R. Nuttallii is seldom grown out of
doors even in Cornwall; there it is sometimes planted against

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 43

walls, and there are good specimens at Tregye, Bosaham, Tre-
mough, and Scorrier. In mid-winter, like nearly all Himalayan
Rhododendrons, it withstands rather severe cold, but the young
shoots which appear early in spring are readily nipped by late
frosts.

There are at least two fine hybrids: R. Victorianum, between
R. Nuttalliiand R. Dalhousiae; and R. edinense, a cross between
R. Nuttallit and R. Henryanum, the latter a hybrid of R.
Dathousiae and R. formosum.

ome interesting crosses will no doubt be possible in the

future from R. Nuttallii and its nearer relations as shown in
the present paper, especially the Chinese species, R. excellens,
R. liliiflorum, and R. megacalyx (Burma).

14. Rhododendron ciliatum, Hook. f., Rhod. Sikkim Himal.
t. 24 (1851); Hook. f. in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. vii.
77,95 (1852) ; Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 4648 (var. roseo-album)
(1852) ; Lindl. & Paxt. Fl. Gard. t. 83 (1852-3) ; Lemaire,
Jard. Fleur. iii. t. 312 (1853); Fl. des Serres, viii. t. 766
(1852-3) ; Regel, Gartenfl. t. 563 (1867); Millais, Rhodo-
dendrons, p. 144 (1917).

A shrub 0.6-1.3 m. high, often procumbent on rocks (Clarke) ;
older branches becoming smooth by the bark peeling off; one-
year-old branchlets setose with long slender hairs and finely
lepidote ; axillary leaf-buds still more or less dormant at the
time of flowering ; young branchlets clothed for some time with
the subpersistent bud-scales. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
rounded at the base, with a triangular obtusely mucronate apex,
4-9 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. broad, firmly coriaceous, setose with
long rather weak hairs above especially when young, becoming
glabrescent with age and slightly bullately reticulate, green and
fairly laxly lepidote below, with a few setae only on the midrib,
the scales small and about 2-3 times their own diameter apart
(i.e. about one in the middle of each mesh of the network of
veins), the epidermis somewhat pustulate between the scales ;
midrib somewhat setose on both surfaces, prominent below ;
lateral nerves about Io on each side of the midrib, diverging
from it at an angle of about 45°, slender but distinct below ;
petioles 5-7 mm. long, setose with long hairs. Inflorescence 2-4-
flowered, very shortly racemose ; bud-scales apiculate, fringed
with soft white hairs, only the outermost with a few scales on
the back; pedicels about 1 cm. long, elongating to 2 cm. in
fruit, densely setose and finely lepidote. Calyx well developed,
5-lobed to near the base, 8-ro mm. long, lobes broadly ovate-
rounded, nervose, densely fringed with long stiff hairs, sparingly
lepidote outside towards the base. Corolla nodding, about 4 cm.

THE MADDENI SERIES. OF RHODODENDRON.

TT
44 IMLUTCHINSON

long, white slightly tinged with rose fading deeper rose * ; tube
rather broadly funnel-shaped, about 2 cm. long, glabrous outside ;
lobes 5, emarginate, shorter than the corolla, glabrous. Stamens
10, about as long as the corolla tube; filaments densely pube-
scent towards the base ; anthers 3-4 mm. long; chocolate-brown.
Ovary 5-celled, closely scaly, the cells with copious “ shoulders ”’
at the apex ; style curved, about as long as the corolla, quite
smooth, crowned by the disk-like lobulate stigma. Capsule 1.5
cm. long, surrounded by the persistent calyx, the valves very
obtusely acuminate. Seeds linear, with the testa crested at
one end.

SIKKIM. Lachen, in swamps, gooo ft., past flower 2nd June
1849, J. D. Hooker (type). Lachen, 10,000 ft., fls. May 1885,
Pantling in Herb. Clarke, 46449a. Laghep, 11,000 ft., 5th May
1876, procumbent on a rock, corolla white with rose flushes,
C. B. Clarke, 277854. Yeumthang, 11,000 ft., 15th June 1915,
fils. white, G. H. Cave (Herb. Edinb.). Without definite locality,
fr., G. H. Cave, 6737 (Herb. Edinb.). :

In the Fl. Brit. Ind., l.c., Mr Clarke records it from Chola
and Dikchoo, Sikkim.

As there seems to have been some mis-interpretation regard-
ing the colour of the flowers (explained in the footnote below)
through Hooker f. having drawn them in a faded condition, I
give below a transcript of Hooker senior’s notes accompanying
his var. roseo-album in the Botanical Magazine, t. 4648 (1852) :-—

“It is scarcely two years since the seeds of this Rhododendron
_ were received from Dr Hooker, and already (March 7, 1852)
six plants of it have produced flowers while only seven inches
high, and many others are showing blossoms. Their flowering
has given us peculiar pleasure, as the first of the Sikkim-Hima-
layan Rhododendrons which have done so; and on another
account. From more than one quarter hints have been thrown
out that the author of the work above cited has used some
freedom in going beyond nature in the size and colouring of
the flowers. Such gratuitous statements, from very incompetent
judges, are contradicted by the first species that has blossomed ;
for assuredly our cultivated R. ciliatum far excels in size of the
corolla, and delicacy of tint, Dr Hooker’s original figure. Even
were the reverse the case, it would be no proof of any inaccuracy
in Dr Hooker’s figures, for no intelligent traveller in Sikkim can
fail to observe how liable the flowers of all the species of Rhodo-
dendron are to vary in size and colour (nor are the leaves more

Hooker figures the flowers as duil violet, but Clarke (l.c.) remarks: ‘‘ The

wild plant has the flowers white, slightly tinged with rose, fading a deeper rose.

J. D. Hooker sketched his species in Sikkim (Rhod. Sikkim, t. 24) reine a
plant ‘ past flower,’ hence with too purple a corolla.”

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 45

constant): in the present instance the difference is so great,
though there cannot be a question of the identity of species,
that we feel ourselves, as it were, compelled to make it a variety.
The corollas are nearly, if not quite, double the size of the native
plant as seen by Dr Hooker, and instead of being of a uniform
lilac-purple colour, they are of the most delicate white, tinged
with red-rose colour. In all other respects the two plants
perfectly agree. It is a native of wet rocky places (rarely in
woods) of Sikkim-Himalaya, in the Lachen and Lachoong valleys;
elevation g—Io,ooo feet. It may be expected to be hardy
therefore ; and, indeed, we may observe, that young plants of
nearly all our species from Sikkim-Himalaya have passed this
winter in the open air, simply surrounded by a bank of eartha
foot and a half high. R. Dalhousiae alone has failed in such a
situation, and in many cases we know that it has equally
failed under glass. R. ciliatum has been kept in a cool green-
house, and has certainly the merit of being a ready flowerer,
and that at a very early age.”

Professor Balfour gives some interesting notes on the colour

of the flowers of this species under various cultural conditions
in his notes at the end of the description of R. Valentinanum
(p. 48).
: Mr Millais, in his book on Rhododendrons, lL.c., gives an
interesting account of this species in cultivation, to which’ the
reader may be referred for fuller details. He states that in
Cornwall and the West of Scotland it grows as much as g ft.
high and 16 ft. through. The species proves to be more hardy
than most of the others from the Himalayas, and in gardens
there is apparently considerable range in the colour of the
flowers. Mr Millais describes them as “rich red in bud and
opening to pale pink, pale reddish-purple or white, all fading
to white after a few days.’’ He speaks very highly of this
species as a garden plant, and gives what is known of its use
in hybridisation.

The following remarkable species, closely resembling R. cilia-
tum, has turned up since this paper was completed. Professor
Balfour very kindly allows the description to appear here :—

ayn 15. Rhododendron Valentinianum, * G. Forrest.

A small shrub attaining a height of about 1 m., freely
_branched and bearing rosettes of 4-5 small leaves at the ends

* Named after Pére S. P. Valentin of the Tsedjong ati: to whom I am
camereo for much assistance during 77 saan an rrest,
Rhododendron Valentinianum, G. 2 Seeiiiee 2s nova we Seti Maddeni
poop ciliato, Hook. f. — tine
tex ad 1 m. altus, foliis a mulorum strigillosorum et lepidotorum

46 HutTcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

of the branches, the last-formed leaf or two leaves markedly
smaller than the others, falling off with the flush of the following
year. Young twigs about 2 mm. in diameter densely setose,
the long setae covering the lepidote surface beneath, which has
peltate scales with wide umbo and equal fringe, setae and scales
disappearing more or less in second year; older branches at
first dark grey then decorticating and exposing a red-purple
smooth surface. Foliage-leaf bud nestling in centre of leaf-
rosette, the last leaf of rosette smaller than others with its
broader petiole adpressed to the bud; outer scales-leaves
oblong broadly triangular and rounded, lepidote outside and
puberulous, setulosely ciliate, mucronulate and slightly keeled,
persisting on the branches for one or two years, inner spathulate,
obtuse, membranous, as much as 2 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, lepidote
and puberulous outside, ciliate, carried up on the elongating
shoot ; young expanding leaves conduplicate convolute, densely
lepidote on both surfaces, setulose on upper surface and on
margin. Leaves petiolate, as much as 4.5 cm. long; lamina
thickly coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, as much as 4 cm.
long, 2 cm. broad, rounded at the shortly mucronulate tuber-
culate apex, margin setulose-ciliate, base obtuse or rounded ;
upper surface mat pale green; midrib grooved, primary veins
about 8 on each side, hardly visible, whole surface including
midrib more or less setulose and punctulate with withered
peltate scales or marked with traces of the juvenile setae and
scales; under surface somewhat tawny brown with prominent
midrib and hardly visible primary veins, densely lepidote with
partly contiguous partly discontiguous peltate scales never more
distant than the diameter of the scales, the midrib lepidote
without bristles or with a few at the base, scales somewhat
unequal in size a few scattered ones much larger than others,
each with a very broad umbo and very narrow entire fringe
all infiltrated with orange or reddish secretion, intervals between
scales green grey beset with rod-like epidermal papillae; petiole

rosulatim confertis ; alabastrorum perulae persistentes, vernatione conduplicato-
convoluta. Folia coriacea, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, ad 4.5 cm. longa, 2 cm.
lata; lamina apice rotundata, mucronulata, margine setoso-ciliata, basi obtusa
vel rotundata, s supra setulosa et oe vel vestigiis setularum et squamarum

ealyce longiores; pedicelli setosi et lepidoti. Calyx foliaceus Sexe

5-lobatus ; lobis membranaceis oxtes lepidotis _— Mima aetea
Corolla laete flava, ad 3.5 cm. longa, i dibulif s intusque
puberula, extus ubique lepidota squamis scintillanti bas: lobis Peers circ.
1.3 cm. longis saepe Fama ea ae Stamina to, inaequalia, corals breviora ;
filamentis complanatis a basi villosis. Discus dense puberulus. Gynaeceum
staminibus longius soatie brevius ; Ovarium circ. 3 mm. longum pee lepidotum
squamulis succulentis ; stylus basi lepidotus apice sub stigmate lobulato clavatus,

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 47

as much as I cm. long, usually shorter, setose and lepidote like
the young stems. Inflorescence a 2--6-flowered terminal umbel ;
bracts persisting during flowering, outer reddish, broad, rounded,
glabrous outside, inside puberulous and whitely sericeous near
the top, margin particularly over the summit fringed with
dense short white stiff straight hairs, inner fertile bracts broadly
spathulate the lower half grasping the flower-pedicel about
1.5 cm. long, I cm. broad, chartaceous, the back finely puber-
ulous the margin whitely ciliate as in the outer ones; bracteoles
persisting during flowering as much as 1.3 cm. long slightly
exceeding the calyx, linear-spathulate, densely pilose throughout
on back and hair-crested with simple white stiff hairs and some
twisting long setae, usually elepidote, occasionally one or two
scales; pedicels at most 5 mm. long, setulose with twisting setae
and also lepidote like the stems. Calyx leafy, about 8 mm. long,
cut to the base into 5 membranous lobes; cup very densely
lepidote with fleshy scales; lobes oblong, acute or obtuse, lepidote
on back, glabrous inside, densely lanately setulose at margin,
flabellate-veined. Corolla bright yellow, funnel-campanulate,
about 3.5 cm. long, 5-lobed, puberulous with long hairs both
outside and inside the entire portion, lepidote all over the
outside, the scales glistening fleshy yellow or red ; lobes rounded,
about 1.3 cm. long and broad, spreading, slightly crenulate and
more or less scale-fringed. Stamens 10, unequal, shorter than
corolla, longest about 2.8 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long,
shortest about 1.8 cm. long with anther 2.5 mm. long ; filaments
band-like, flattened from the base, white villous over one half
in shorter, one third in longer stamens; anthers oblong, pink.
Disk densely white puberulous. Gynaeceum about 3.2 cm. long,
shorter than corolla, longer than stamens ; ovary conoid truncate
about 3 mm. long, densely lepidote with larger red and smaller
yellow fleshy scales ; style lepidote at the base, glabrous above
expanding at tip into a lip around the lobulate discoid broad
stigma. Capsule ovoid (? mature), lepidote outside, enclosed
by the calyx.

““YuNNAN. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt.
11,000 ft. In openscrub. Shrub of 2}-3 ft. Flowers bright
yellow. G. Forrest. No. 15899; May-June 1917. In fruit.
No. 16011; Nov. 1917.

“A distinct species and best described as a yellow-flowered
Rh. ciliatum, Hook. f. Not that it is RA. ciliatum in every respect
save in flower colour. It shows many other differences. The
readiest of recognition are these—the leaves are not setulose
over the under-surface as in Rh. ciliatum and the corolla is lepi-
dote and pilose not elepidote and epilose. Rh. caliatum is without
doubt the nearest ally of Rh. Valentinianum, and in habit the

48 HutTcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

plants are very much alike. Rh. ciliatum is an old-established
garden plant and Rh. Valentinianum is now also in cultivation
raised by Mr J. C. Williams at Caerhays from seed of Forrest’s
collecting. It has not yet flowered. We have promise there- .
fore of a pair of beautiful horticultural plants representing
one the Himalayan, the other the West Chinese, evolution of
the same phylum. Coming from an elevation of 11,000 ft.
near Tengyueh, Rh. Valentinianum should like Rh, ciliatum be
a thoroughly hardy plant if grown under right conditions. And
saying this leads me to add that Kh. ciliatum is commonly re-
garded as one of the not altogether hardy of the Himalayan
species or at any rate is supposed to require a sheltered spot
in the garden. That is not our experience in Edinburgh.
Certainly if planted out of the wind and where it gets a moderate
amount of sunshine it forms a larger bush than in more exposed
situations, but it is then cut back more or less every year and
soon becomes a sorry spectacle. Here our greatest success with
it is in positions the opposite of sheltered. We plant it high
up on the rock garden to fill a shallow col between two mounds.
There it gets every ray of sunshine available, drops of all the
rain that falls, a blow from every wind whether a gentle zephyr
or a gusty gale. It forms a dense carpet about a foot high
closely leafed to the soil all around the margins so that no wind
blows through amongst the stems of the mass—this I think
most important—and is covered in spring with large flowers
tinted most of them from their opening a deep rose and in a
degree such as to lead one to believe that the colour given by
Hooker in his Sikkim Rhododendrons if perhaps ‘ too pyrple’
as Clarke * says may be near the predominant shade at higher
elevations. In sheltered situations here the flowers are usually
white tinged with rose as descriptions give it ; in the greenhouse
pure white—all of which modification in tint is consonant with
the function of the anthocyanin in the corolla acting as a heat
regulator as it does elsewhere in this genus and in other genera.
In this exposed situation on our rock garden the plant is not
cut back. There is no dying back of shoots making gaps in the
uniform carpet. Our experience with this Rh. ciliatum is re-
peated in the case of many another evergreen undershrub from
high altitudes—very markedly in the case of New Zealand
whipcord Veronicas which in the ordinary mixed garden border
have their symmetry spoiled by the dying back of individual
shoots, but exposed to every wind that blows and in full sunshine
do not or rarely exhibit this defect. Thinking of an explana-
tion of the phenomenon described, I suggest that it is the wind-
currents which make the difference. Water does not lie on the
3 * Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii (1882), 470. ”

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 49

leaves and twigs and consequently respiration is not interfered
with, and along with this as a factor in the case is the harder
growth of the plant which the situation evokes. This is not to
be taken as an infallible prescription for horticultural practice,
but our experience confirms me in believing that within the
limits of the constitution of the plant rigorous environment,
rather than genial, will give better results in the case of many of
those plants which in our oscillating climatic conditions show
themselves not quite hardy.

“ Rh. Valentinianum like Rh. ciliatum is one of many species
of Rhododendron which were placed by Maximowicz* in his
Section Eurhododendron, but which have such fundamental
characters of difference from other species of his Section that
they cannot be associated together in one section. The bulk of
the species known to Maximowicz and included in his Eurhodo-
dendron possess a foliage-bud of remarkable construction which
may be called a chamber-bud. By this designation | mean
that the scale-leaves of the bud form a definite chamber at the
bottom of which the primordia of the foliage-leaves arise each
developing with a revolute ptyxis quite free from its neigh-
bour. The young leaves stand erect in a group free within
the chamber and only fill it up when the bud is on the way to
maturity before expansion. There isa sharp distinction between
the last scale-leaf and the first foliage-leaf. This type of bud
is found in most of the series of Rhododendrons with large
leaves—for example in those of arborewm, barbatum, Edge-
worthi1, Falconert, Fortunet, heliolepis, irroratum, lacteum, ponti-
cum, Thomsont. In contrast with this type of bud is that
in which there is no shone The scale-leaves overlap with
vernation that becomes convolute and the young foliage-leaves
continue the ptyxis and vernation of the scale-leaves and
the more external are convolutely wrapped ‘round the inner
ones in a normal succession. Often the delimitation of the
last scale-leaf from the first foliage-leaf is not easy to determine.
This is the type of bud that is found in most of the small- —
leaved Rhododendrons—for instance the Lapponicum, Fragrans,
Cephalanthum Series; in Rhododendrons with intermediate
size of leaf—for instance the Triflorum Series ; and in larger-
leaved forms—for instance Maddeni, Boothii, Camelliaeflorum
Series. Rh. Valentinianum belongs in leaf-scale to the Maddeni
Series and has thus its characteristic convolute type of bud.
I cannot discuss here the grouping of the species of Rhododen-
dron. I hope to deal with that question later in these pages.
But I want to point out that this difference in bud-construction
is primary and must be taken into account in any scheme of

* Maximowicz, Rhododendreae Asiae orientalis (1870),

530 HutTcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.
subdivision of the genus. Species with revolute ptyxis must
belong to a different division from those with convolute. So
far as I know it has not hitherto been recognised, at any rate
no importance has been attached to it. And perhaps one
reason for its being overlooked may be found in an incident of
the development. In many species with convolute leaves in
bud the young leaves as they unfold from the bud at once become
recurved at the sides. The change may be interpreted as
providing protection to the underleaf surface. Its effect is
that the leaves are revolute when they open, but this is a secon-
dary not a primary position and is brought about in a very
different way and at a different period i in development. Casual
observation of the leaves at expansion would not supply evidence
for deciding whether a revoluteness is primary or secondary
and misinterpretation may have resulted. Rh. Dalhousiae of the
Maddeni Series shows this passage from convolute to revolute
very clearly. In the Triflorum Series Rh. chartophyllum does
not show it nor does Rh. Davidsomanum, but many plants the
identity of which is not yet clear and which have been called
Rh. Davidsonianum show it

“The Maddeni Series to which Rh. Valentinianum belongs is
anaturalone. It has a wide area of distribution from Sikkim
im the west through Bhutan, Siam, Burma, right across Yunnan
to Mengtz in the extreme south-east of the province and in
Kweichow. We may safely say that other species of it yet
await discovery. Those we know of show interesting diver-
gences within the phylum and through minor characters of
relation fall into subordinate groups within the series. RA.
ctliatum and Rh. Valentintanum make one such group—a Sikkim-
Bhutan form on the west and a Yunnan form on the east,
doubtless to be hereafter connected by the finding of linking
forms in the intermediate region. Rh. Dalhousiae is a western
type to which Rh. rhabdotum, Balt. f. et Cooper and other
forms belong; Rh. Maddem itself is a western form with
several microiorms; in the middle area of distribution Rh.
formosum with Rh. Vettchianum represent a differential form ;
and on the eastern area of distribution there are two promi-
nent types centerimg one in Rh. cilitcalyx and the other in Rh.
crassum. Notwithstanding divergences all the species conform
to one prominent type of bud—the nest-bud it may be called
because of the disposition of the surrounding leaves to the
terminal bud. The last formed foliage-leaves of the shoot
lying close up to and around the terminal bud are much
weduced in size, have a broad somewhat sraainehe petiole
adpressed to the bud and the shoot, and the stands
off at seth right angles from the petiole. They are of a

\
HUTCHINSON—THE MaApDDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 51

form as it were intermediate between foliage-leaves and
scale-leaves. The bud—vegetative as well as flower—lies
embosomed in these which do not belong to the axis-segment
of the bud, are not bud-scale leaves, but the last formed of
the preceding foliage-shoot and have buds in their axils.”

16. Rhododendron Cuffeanum, Craib ex Hutchinson
in Bot. Mag. t. 8721 (1917).

A loosely branched shrub ; stem swollen at the base ; young
shoots pale grey, covered with brown peltate scales; older
branchlets pale brown, closely marked with the traces of fallen
scales. Leaves few, oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, gradu-
ally and shortly acuminate to an obtuse tip, gradually narrowed
to the base, up to 10 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, coriaceous, at
first lepidote above, soon becoming glabrescent and conspicuously
reticulate, rather densely lepidote below, the scales unequal
and about their own or slightly less than their own diameter
apart, the epidermis densely papillous between the scales;
‘midrib impressed above, slightly raised beneath ; lateral nerves
6-7 on each side of the midrib, slender, flexuous, slightly raised
on each surface; petiole 1.2 cm. long, lepidote, grooved above.
Inflorescence about 5-flowered, the pedicels arising from approxi-
mately the same level ; pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long, densely lepidote,
about 1.5 mm. thick. Calyx foliaceous, nearly 1 cm. long,
unequally 5-lobed, the 2 abaxial lobes larger than the others,
oblong or oblong-rounded, rounded at the apex, lepidote, fringed
with a few weak hairs. Corolla tubular-campanulate, 6.5 cm.
long, white, with a large yellow blotch within the upper side
of the tube; tube 3.5 cm. long, softly pubescent outside
towards the base, not lepidote except towards the 5 lobes which
are sparingly so towards the middle. Stamens 10, exserted,
unequal, the shortest a little longer than the corolla tube;
filaments softly villous-pubescent in their lower half; anthers
brown, 6 mm. long. Ovary 6-celled, about 1 cm. long, densely
lepidote; style longer than the corolla, sparingly lepidote towards
the base, crowned by a capitate dark brown stigma. Capsule
not seen.

SoutH-WEst Burma. Mt. Victoria, Lady Wheeler Cuffe.

Young plants of this species were collected on Mt. Victoria
by Lady Wheeler Cuffe and presented to the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Glasnevin, in August 1913. From one of these, which
flowered in May 1915, was obtained the material om which the
above description is based, and which was figured in the
Botanical Magazine. |

Cr
52 ELUICHINSON

THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Owing to some mischance it was stated in the Botanical
Magazine that this species was gathered on Sindaung Mountain
in the Southern Shan States, but Sir Frederick Moore wrote
later informing the Director, on Lady Wheeler Cuffe’s authority,
that it was from Mt. Victoria in S.W. Burma.

17. Rhododendron oye eS Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, xxxiii. 233 (1886); Le Jardin, ix. 51 (1895);
Rev. Horticol. 1899, 36; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7782
(1901).

A shrub up to I m. high (up to 3 m. in cultivation) ; older
branchlets with loose grey smooth bark ; one-year-old branchlets
pale yellow when dry, rather loosely covered with small scales,
sometimes sparingly strigose amongst the scars of the bud-
scales ; axillary leaf-buds just elongating at the time of flowering,
the scales broadly ovate, subacute, leathery, slightly lepidote
on the back, fringed within the margin with a conspicuous
beard of dense soft white hairs. Leaves elliptic, obovate-elliptic
or oblong-lanceolate, rather acutely pointed, slightly narrowed
or rounded to an obtuse base, 6-9 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. broad,
rigidly coriaceous, conspicuously reticulate and glabrous (at
first lepidote) above, glaucous-grey beneath and lepidote, the
scales golden-brown and considerably more than their own
diameter apart, in the wild examples the epidermis rather
densely covered between the scales with short rod-like papillae
(see note at end of description) ; petioles 1.3-1.5 cm. long,
punctate with small scales, with a narrow groove on the upper
-side, with a few long bristles on the edges especially when young.
Inflorescence about 3-flowered, the pedicels arising from about
the same level; scars of the fallen bud-scales fairly dense,
transversely linear, straw-coloured ; pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long,
about 2 mm. thick, rather densely lepidote with small scales
especially just below the calyx. Calyx rather variable in size,
5-lobed to near the base ; lobes 2.5-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad,
‘submembranous, laxly scaly outside, bristly all round the
margins with slender hairs about 3 mm. long. Corolla white
or rose (Delavay), rather widely funnel-shaped, gradually opening
from the base upwards; tube a little shorter than the lobes,
2.5-3 cm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter at the base, 3-4 cm.
wide at the top when flattened out, not scaly outside but
slightly and shortly pubescent towards the base; lobes 5,
ovate-orbicular, about 3.5 cm. long, and broad, sometimes with
a few golden scales on the back. Stamens 10-11, unequal in
length, the longest nearly as long as the corolla ; filaments
rather long-pilose in their lower third; anthers m mm. long.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 53

Ovary 6-celled, 5-mm. long, densely lepidote; style about as
long as the stamens, scaly and slightly pilose only as far as 8 mm.
above the base, the upper part glabrous, crowned with a green
discoid stigma. Capsule 6-valved, 2 cm. long, about 1.5 cm.
thick, rather asymmetrical at the base, densely scaly, girt at
the base by the persistent calyx and the conspicuous tomentose
disk.

As Rhododendron ciliicalyx is likely to prove of considerable
interest to physiologists (see note below), it seems advisable to
give the salient features of the type specimen, collected by
Delavay, 736, on Mt. Pee-cha-ho, near Mo-so-yn, Yunnan.
These are as follows :—

One-year-old branchlets scaly, sometimes sparingly strigose
amongst the scars of the bud-scales. Petioles scaly, long-setose
on the margin (these setae readily rub off). Leaf-scales below
unequal-sized, considerably more than their own diameter
apart. Pedicels densely scaly. Calyx lobes well developed but
variable in size, oblong to oblong-ovate, rounded at the apex,
2.5-6 mm. long in the same flower, in other flowers as small
as 2-3 mm. long, sparingly scaly outside, rather densely
fringed with hairs about 3 mm. long. Corolla sparingly lepidote
only on the back of the lobes,’ the tube softly pubescent
towards the base. Style pubescent and sparingly scaly only
towards the base.

W. YUNNAN. On the sides of rocky hills at the entrance to
the gorges of Mt. Pee-cha-ho, near Mo-so-yn, 7300 ft., shrub
about 3 ft. high, flowers rose or white, 27th March 1887, Delavay,
736 (type); same locality, in fruit, 16th November 1887,
Delavay ; in flower, 17th April 1888, Delavay.

R. ciliicalyx has not appeared among any recent collection
that I have seen, and it has probably not been gathered since
the date of the specimens quoted above. In the plants of this
species grown in the Himalayan and Temperate Houses at Kew
I was very surprised to find that the papillae, so character-
istic of the whole of the Maddeni series, have almost entirely
disappeared. Only occasionally in leaves near the glass and
exposed to good light do the epidermal cells of the lower leaf
surface show a trace of papillous differentiation, and then only
of the slightest. The same is evident of a plant grown in an
unheated greenhouse by Mr J. C. Williams, Caerhays Castle,
Cornwall, who very kindly forwarded a twig for examination.
On the other hand, the specimens cultivated in the greenhouses
at the Edinburgh Botanic Garden have papillous leaves. I
hope to publish a separate note on this later.

54 HvuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

18. Rhododendron pseudociliicalyx, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

One-year-old shoots about 4 mm. thick, rather densely bristly
with hairs in the upper part, becoming less bristly below, rather
minutely lepidote ; bark dull brown; axillary leaf-bearing buds
still dormant or just starting to elongate at the time of flowering,
the scale-leaves leathery, lepidote outside, fringed with soft
white hairs. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, widest at
the middle, equally narrowed to both ends, with an obtuse
callous mucro at the apex, 6-8 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. broad, thinly
leathery, laxly and faintly reticulate above and with a few
scales persisting here and there, glaucous-green below and rather
densely covered with very unequal-sized pale orange-yellow
scales ectaea the usin less than their own diameter apart,
with very narrow fringe; epidermis rather laxly covered
with rod- like eee. midrib slightly impressed above, pro-
minent below, covered with a few scales; lateral nerves about
6 on each side of the midrib, rather faint on both surfaces,
looped some distance from the margin ; petiole 0.5-1 cm. long,
grooved above, densely lepidote, ciliate with long weak hairs.
Inflorescence 3-4-flowered ; pedicels arising from different levels,
about 8 mm. long, densely lepidote with light-coloured scales.
Calyx saucer-shaped, undulately lobed, 2 mm. long, lepidote
outside, the tops of the lobes sometimes with a few (1 or 2)
long hairs. Corolla about 6.5 cm. long; tube 4 cm. long, very
slightly pubescent outside the base, sometimes with one or two
scales here and there ; lobes 5, broadly oblong-rounded, lepidote
outside and on the finely undulate margin. Stamens 10, unequal,
exserted ; filaments pubescent in the lower part; anthers 4
mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, 5 mm. long, densely lepidote ; style
nearly as long as the corolla, lepidote in the lower half,

sg endl cease sage sabay ae: Hutchinson, SP. nov. ; affinis R. ciliicalyct,
Franch., sed r. libus densioribus:
differt.

Ramuhi annotini circiter 4 mm. crassi, superne dense setosi, inferne subglabre-
scentes, minute lepidoti, cortice fusco-brunnei ; gemmae foliiferae axillares sub
anthesin vix evolutae. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata, medio latiora,

subracemosi, circiter 8 mm. longi, dense lepidoti. Calyx patelliformis, undulate
lobatus, 2 mm. longus, extra lepidotus, interdum parce Chavis, Corolla circiter

inferne pubescentia ; antherae 4 mm.longae. Ovarium 5-loculare, 5 mm _ longum,
dense lepidotum ; stylus canes fere mE, yore in dimidio inferiore lepidotus,
stigmate profunde lobulato coronatus.

HuUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 45

crowned by a fairly large deeply lobulate stigma. Capsule not
nown.
Described from a specimen in the Edinburgh Herbarium

inscribed as follows: ‘‘ Rhododendron spec.? No. 7167.
M*L. de Vilmorin. Chine. Cult. Verriéres, France, serre,
19.4.18.”

Unfortunately we have no definite information as to the
habitat of this species. Professor Balfour says in regard to it :
“ Raised from seed received in 1912 from China by M. Philip
de Vilmorin. Most of de Vilmorin’s seeds came from N.E.
Szechwan.”’ If this species came from this province, it will be
a valuable addition to our gardens, as it would no doubt be
fairly hardy, and is, moreover, almost a replica of the beautiful
but somewhat tender R. ciliicalyx from Western Yunnan. It
differs from R. ciliicalyx in its very bristly shoots and the
denser leaf-scales.

1g. Rhododendron missionarum, Léveillé in Bull.
Geogr. Bot. xxiv. 20 (1915).

A shrub with short knotty branches, the older parts covered
with grey transversely splitting bark ; one-year-old branchlets
very short, very slightly lepidote, strigose-pilose. Leaves
obovate-oblanceolate, narrowed to the base, apex triangular-
apiculate with a rather long callous mucro, 5—7 cm. long, 1.5-3
cm. broad, rigidly coriaceous, lepidote above when young,
soon becoming nearly glabrous and slightly reticulate, glaucous .
and lepidote below, the scales slightly unequal and less than
their own diameter apart, the epidermis densely papillous
between the scales ; midrib and lateral nerves impressed above,
the former prominent and lepidote below ; lateral nerves about
8 on each side of the midrib, arcuate and ascending ; petiole
6-10 mm. long, grooved above, lepidote. Inflorescence 2-3-
flowered; floral bud-scales softly appressed-villous in the
upper part; pedicels 6-10 mm. long, arising from about the
same level, densely lepidote with flake-like scales. Calyx about
I mm. long, obscurely 5-lobed, densely lepidote outside and
fringed with stiff hairs about 1 mm. long. Corolla violet or
white (Maire), 5 cm. long, not lepidote outside or rarely with
one or two scales here and there; tube funnel-shaped, 2.5 cm.
long, minutely pubescent towards the base outside; lobes 5
2.5 cm. long and nearly as much broad, undulate on the margin
and sometimes fringed with a few scales. Stamens 10, exserted ;
filaments villous pubescent in the lower third; anthers 6 mm.
long. Ovary 5-celled, 5 mm. long, lepidote; style curved, a
little longer than the corolla, lepidote in the lower half or

56 HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

two-thirds, crowned by a large lobulate stigma. Capsule 1.2
cm. long, wrinkled and lepidote.

N.E. YuNNAN. Tong-Koua-pin, gooo ft., on rocks, fis.
April 1911, E. E. Maire; E. E. Maire, 20, 21 (Herb. Edinb.).
Motsou region of Kiao Kia, plant collected by Pére S. Ten,
March 1909, F. Ducloux, 1270, 1271.

20. Rhododendron Lyi, Léveillé, in Fedde, Repert.
Xilil. 147 (1914).
A shrub 1.75-2 m. high; one-year-old branchlets slender,
about 2.5 mm. thick, sparingly lepidote and bristly with rather

Fic. 7.—Rhododendron Lyi, Léveillé. Nat. size.

weak long hairs. Leaves oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate,
shortly rounded-triangular and obtusely mucronate at the
apex, a little narrowed to an obtuse base, 3.5-8 cm. long, 1.3-3
cm. broad, rigidly coriaceous, glossy and reticulate above,
lepidote below, the scales rather unequal and less than their
own diameter apart, the epidermis between the scales rather
densely papillous; midrib impressed above, prominent below
and lepidote ; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib,
slightly distinct below; petiole 5.7 mm. long, at first ciliate,

HvuTCHINSON—THE MapDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 57

grooved above, lepidote. Inflorescence up to 4-flowered ; pedi-
cels 5 mm. long, arising from about the same level, rather
densely lepidote. Calyx about 2 mm. long, 5-lobed, densely
lepidote outside, and fringed with a few long hairs, the lobes
enlarging in fruit and becoming more or less triangular. Corolla
white, scented, 5 cm. long, spreadingly funnel-shaped, sparingly
lepidote only on the back of the lobes, rarely a few on one side
of the tube; tube 3 cm. long, pubescent outside in the lower
part ; lobes 5, rounded, emarginate, about 2.5 cm. broad.
Stamens Io, unequal, a little longer than the tube; filaments
pubescent in the lower part; anthers 5 mm. lon Ovary
6-celled, lepidote ; style much longer than the corolla, lepidote
in the lower two-thirds, crowned by a rather small stigma.
Capsule 2.5 cm. long, constricted at the base and apex, wrinkled
and lepidote, tipped by a small portion of the persistent style,
and girt at the base by the persistent enlarged ciliate calyx
lobes

KwEIcHow. Gan Chouen, April 1912, J. Cavalerie, 3883
(Herb. Edinb.).

Ard 21. Rhododendron roseatum, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

A shrub 1-3 m. high. One-year-old branchlets brownish
straw-coloured, rather cass spotted with small scales, ap-
parently not hairy ; young branchlets not seen. Leaves ovate,

* Rhododendron roseatum, Hutchinson, sp. no affinis R. ciliicalyci, Franch.,
sed ramulis et petiolis a foliis ovatis ints densissime lepidotis, corollae
tubo extra dense lepidoto differt.

Frutex 1.25-3 m. a cag Ramuli annotini brunneo-straminei, squamis parvis
arcte abet ut videtur esetosi, hornotini non visi. Folia A ay acute triangu-

extra ubique dense lepidotus, — debilibus circiter 1.25 mm. longis, arcte
setoso-ciliatus. Corolla alba, extra roseo paullo suffusa (Forrest), late infundibuli-
formis, extra ubique praecipue in tubo densissime lepidota ; tubus circiter 3 cm.
longus, apice usque ad 5 cm. latus cl lobi rotundato-elliptici, circiter
4 cm. longi et lati, primum squamis margina Stamina 10, exserta, usque ad
loborum medium extensa ; filamenta in mis inferiore molliter pubescentia ;
antherae 5 mm. longae. Ovarium 6-loculare, 5 mm. 2 densissime lepi-
dotum ; stylus curvatus, corollae fere aequalis, in dimidio inferiore dense lepi-
dotus, stigma lobulato viscidulo coronatus. Capsu/a non visa.

58 HvuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.
acutely triangular-acuminate, broadly rounded at the base,
8-10 cm. long, 3—4.5 cm. broad, rigidly coriaceous, at fitst
lepidote above, soon nearly glabrous and rather dull, glaucous
and very densely lepidote below, the scales unequal in size,
reddish, and much less than their own diameter apart, or nearly
contiguous, the epidermis between the scales densely papillous ;
midrib sunken above and rather densely lepidote, prominent
and rounded below and lepidote, about 2.25 mm. broad at the
base, gradually tapered to the apex into the somewhat callous
mucro; lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side of the midrib,
slender, rather arcuate and a little flexuous below, with scarcely
any visible secondary nerves or veins; petioles grooved above,
about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, lepidote. Inflorescence
about 4-flowered, the pedicels arising from about the same
level ; scars of the fallen bud-scales callously thickened, nearly
contiguous ; bud-scales (only one seen) softly and very shortly
pubescent outside and lepidote; pedicels about 1 cm. long,
densely lepidote. Calyx small and obscurely 5-lobed, about
1.5 mm. long, densely scaly all over the outside, densely setose-
ciliate with rather weak hairs about 1.25 mm. long. Corolla
white, faintly flushed with rose outside (Forrest), widely funnel-
shaped, densely scaly all over the outside, especially on the
tube ; tube about 3 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide at the top when
flattened out ; lobes rounded-elliptic, about 4 cm. long and as
much broad, at first fringed with scales. Stamens 10, exserted,
reaching to about the middle of the corolla lobes; filaments
softly pubescent in their lower third; anthers 5 mm. long.
Ovary 6-celled, 5 mm. long, very densely scaly; style curved,
nearly as long as the corolla, rather densely scaly in its lower
half, crowned by a large lobulate somewhat viscid stigma.
Capsule not seen
WESTERN YUNNAN. Shweli-Salween Divide, lat. 25° 20’ N.,

gooo ft., shrub 4-9 ft., on open scrub, May 1913, G. Forrest,
11866.

ait 22. Rhododendron lasiopodum, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

A shrub 4-5 m. high; one-year-old branchlets pale straw-
coloured, rather blotched and sparingly lepidote ; young branch-
lets densely lepidote; axillary leaf-buds already elongating at
the time of flowering, when partly pit oe more or less shaped

* Rhododendron lasiopodum, Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinis R. ites en
Franch., sed petiolis plerumque brevioribus, foliis infra denne lepidotis.
tubo lepidoto, stylo in partibus duabus inferioribus lepidoto differt.

Frutex 4-5 m. altus; ramuli annotini pallide straminei, parce lepidoti, juniores
dense lepidoti. Gemmae foliiferae axillares sub anthesin jam elongatae, squamis

.
cE f — = RP MAL Vint

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 59

like a golf-club, the lowermost scale-leaves persisting for some
time, fringed with short soft white hairs and slightly scaly
down the back, the intermediate scale-leaves early falling off,
with one or two of the upper ones persisting for some time
below the young leaves. Leaves rather broadly elliptic, rounded
at both ends or shortly triangular-acuminate at the apex

6-11 cm. long, 3-5.5 cm. broad, rigidly coriaceous, lepidote
above when young and ciliate, but soon becoming quite glabrous,
shining and reticulate, glaucous and rather densely lepidote
below, the scales ferruginous, unequal in size and less than
their own diameter apart, the larger ones scattered, the epi-
dermis densely clothed between the scales with rod-like papillae ;
petioles about 7 mm. long or less, rather flattened on the upper
surface and grooved, fairly densely lepidote. Inflorescence
apparently 2-flowered, the pedicels supported on a softly tomen-
tose “foot ’’ (above the scars of the scales) from which they
disarticulate; scars of the fallen bud-scales rather lax and
ladder-like with lepidote portions of the branchlet visible
between; pedicels 1 cm. long, densely lepidote. Calyx very
small, oblique, with an undulate margin, scaly outside and
on the margin, not ciliate. Corolla white, yellow inside the
base (Forrest), somewhat narrowly funnel-shaped from the base
upwards, rather laxly scaly all over the outside ; tube as long
as the lobes, 4-4.5 cm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter at the
base, and 5 cm. broad at the top when flattened out, softly
pubescent towards the base ; lobes oblong-orbicular, crenulate,
2.5-3 cm. broad. Stamens 10, unequal, the longest reaching
to about the middle of the lobes; filaments densely and softly
pilose in their lower half or third; anthers 5-6 mm. long.
Ovary 5-celled, 7 mm. long, densely lepidote; style curved,

mollibus albidis barbatis, squamis intermediis mox caducis, paucis superiori-
bus subpersistentibus. Folia late elliptica, utrinque rotundata vel apice triangu-
lari-acuminata, 6-11 cm. longa, 3—5.5 cm. lata, rigide coriacea juventute supra
—- et ciliata, mox glabra, ni nitida ae cenersieapepe infra glauca et a
lepido ntibus,
epidermide amet papillosa ; petioli circiter 7 mm. longi vel minores, supra sub-
complan Inflorescentia terminalis, ut videtur
biflora, phon in pedem molliter tomentosum insertis ab eo disarticulatis ;
cicatrices squamarum delapsarum laxae et scalariformes; pedicelli r cm. longi,
dense lepidoti. Calyx minimus, obliquus, extra et margine undulato ny ered
eciliatus. Corolla alba, intra basin flava (Forrest), e basi paullo anguste in
buliformis, extra ubique laxe lepidota ; tubus lobis aequalis, 4—4.5 cm. oe
basi circiter 5 mm. diametro, apice (sicco et complanato) 5 cm. latus, basin versus
molliter pubescens ; lobi oblongo-orbicu culares, crenulati, 2.5-3 cm. lati. Stamina
10, inaequalia, usque ad corollae loborum medium extensa ; filamenta in triente
vi dimidio inferiore dense et molliter pilosa ; antherae 5-6 mm. i

circiter 3.5 mm. lato coronatus. Capsula non visa.

60 HUTCHINSON—-THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

nearly as long as the corolla, lepidote in its lower half, not
airy, crowned by the lobulate viscid stigma about 3.5 mm.
broad. Capsule not seen.

WESTERN YUNNAN. Shweli-Salween Divide, lat. 25° 5’ N.,
8000-9000 ft., in pine forest, shrub 12-15 ft., flowers white,
yellow inside the base, fragrant, May 1913, G. Forrest, 9919.

his is about the nearest approach to R. ciliicalyx, Franch.,
collected by Mr Forrest. It seems sufficiently distinct, however,
in its shorter petioles, much more densely scaly leaves, lepidote
corolla nese: and the style lepidote for about two-thirds of
its length

The name lasiopodum applies to the small softly tomentose
portion of the axis of the inflorescence, which protrudes above
the scars of the floral bud-scales, and from which the pedicels
eventually break off.

agp 23. Rhododendron dendricola, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

A small shrub 1.25-2 m. high, generally epiphytic at summits
of trees 16-20 m. high; one-year-old branchlets sparingly
lepidote, apparently not hairy; young branchlets evidently
well advanced at flowering time, laxly lepidote. Leaves oblong-
elliptic, rather abeaet ey and subacutely acuminate, rounded-
obtuse at the base, 8-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, rigidly
coriaceous, Aaa “dull and not reticulate above (lepidote
when quite young), densely lepidote beneath, the scales reddish-
brown and a little less than their own diameter apart, rather
unequal in size, the lower epidermis between the scales densely

-papillous; midrib impressed above, prominent and

* Rhododendron dendricola, Hutchinson, sp. nov., affinis R. lasiopodo, Hutchin-
son, sed foliis abrupte subacute acuminatis, pedicellis basi non lasiopodis, calyce
ffert.

Sian 1.25-2 m. altus, plerumque in arboribus epiphyticus ; ramuli annotini
pare idoti, epilosi, Beagm sub anthesin jam bene evoluti, lepidoti. Folia
ae -elliptica, abrupte subacute acuminata basi rotundato-obtusa, 8-12 cm.
longa, 3—5 cm. lata, parr coriacea, glabra, SuDEe opaca tt non ceeemata (juniora
lepidota), infra dense lepidota

i aequalibus, epidermide inferiore dense papillosa ; costa supra
Bsc: suai _ Prominens et lepidota; nervi laterales utrinsecus 7-8, i

maenlstn. circiter 8 cm. longa ; tubus sate infundibuliformis, basin Venres ‘abrupte
mstrictus, circiter 3.5 cm. lon: extra
lobi 5, rotundati, extra lepidoti. Stamina 10, exse tta ; filamenta in dimidio inferi-
ore dense pilosa; antherae 7 mm. an ERS: Qvarium 6-loculare, 8 mm. longum,
m,d lepidotum, basi di cinctum; stylus corollae aequalis,
in dimidio inferiore lepidotus, stants diseiformi multilobulato coronatus.
non visa

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 61

lepidote below ; lateral nerves about 7-8 on each side of the
midrib, faint below; petiole 1-1.3 cm. long, finely lepidote,
sparingly ciliate when quite young. Inflorescence (only one
seen, apparently 3-flowered) umbellate; pedicels 1 cm. long,

Fic. 8.—Rhododendron dendricola, Hutchinson, n. sp. Nat. size.

lepidote, rather stout. Calyx an undulate rim, scaly outside
and with a few slender hairs on the margin about 1.25 mm.
long. Corolla white tinged with pink, with an orange mark
on lower petals, about 8 cm. long; tube widely funnel-
shaped, rather abruptly constricted towards the base, about
3.5 cm. long, densely lepidote outside and minutely pube-

62 HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

scent around the base; lobes 5, rounded, lepidote outside.
Stamens 10, reaching to about the middle of the corolla lobes ;
filaments densely pilose in the lower half; anthers 7 mm. long.
Ovary 6-celled, 8 mm. long, ribbed, densely lepidote, girt at the
base with a lobulate tomentose disk ; style as long as the corolla,
lepidote in the lower half, crowned by a large disk-like many
lobulate stigma. Capsule not seen.

N. Burma. Nwai Valley; small shrub 4-6 ft., generally
epiphytic at tops of 50-60 it. trees; trusses with few flowers,
white tinged with pink, orange mark inside on lower petals,
11th May 1914, Kingdon Ward, 1538 (Herb. Edinb.).

24. Rhododendron Ludwigianum, Hosseus in Beihefte z.
Bot. Centralbl. xxvili. 422 (1911). Rhododendron sb.,
Hosseus, l.c. xxvii. 506 (1910).

A shrub I-1.5 m. high; branches evidently very short and
almost leafless at the time of flowering, closely warted with the
scars of the fallen leaves; one-year-old branchlets very short
and lepidote. Leaves (only three small ones seen) obovate,
narrowed to an obtuse base, triangular at the apex, 3-4 cm.
long, I.5-2 cm. broad, rigidly coriaceous, dull and impressed
reticulate above and apparently glabrous, densely lepidote
below, the scales about one-half their own diameter apart, dark
brown in the middle with a narrow paler fringe, the epidermis
papillous between the scales ; midrib impressed above, prominent
and rather densely lepidote beneath; lateral nerves 5-6 on
each side of the midrib, impressed above, distinct below;
petiole about 4 mm. long, grooved above, lepidote. Inflores-
cence 2-3 flowered ; pedicels inserted on a densely villous very
short axis, 3-6 mm. long, very densely lepidote; bracts linear-
spathulate, softly villous and lepidote. Calyx small, obscurely
lobed, densely lepidote, very sparingly ciliate. -Corolla white
and rose (Hosseus), about 6.5 cm. long, densely and softly
villous-pubescent all over the outside, lepidote on the back of
the lobes and down one side of the tube; tube about 3.5 cm.
long, funnel-shaped; lobes 5, rounded, glabrous towards the
margin. Stamens to, a little exserted ; filaments pilose in the
lower 4, the longest about 3 cm. long; anthers 5-6 mm.
long. Ovary 6-celled, lepidote ; style lepidote in the lower half ;
stigma rather small and disk-like, about 3 mm. wide (when
dry). Capsule not seen.

Stam. Doi Djieng Dao, Kalkgipfel III, 6600 ft., shrub
3-4} ft. high, fls. white-rose, twigs without leaves, 17th February
1905, C. C. Hosseus, 401.

HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 63

98 94 25. Rhododendron rufosquamosum, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

A shrub 1 m. high; older branchlets covered with smooth
grey bark; one-year-old branchlets sparingly lepidote, about
3-5 mm. thick; axillary leaf-buds still dormant at the time of
flowering, the scale leaves rather lax, leathery, and minutely
fringed with hairs a little keeled and lepidote near the middle.
Leaves oblanceolate, obtusely triangular-acuminate at the apex,
gradually narrowed to an acute base, 7-12 cm. long, 1.8-4 cm.
broad, rather thinly coriaceous, strongly reticulate above and
lepidote towards the midrib, densely rufous-lepidote below, the
scales about one-half their own diameter or less apart, with a
few larger and darker coloured ones scattered here and there,
the lower epidermis between the scales densely papillous ;
midrib impressed above, prominent and lepidote beneath;
lateral nerves very slender, about 8 on each side of the midrib,
a little raised on the upper surface, slightly prominent below ;
petiole 0.8-1.3 cm. long, deeply grooved on the upper side,
punctate-lepidote. Inflorescence few-flowered (probably about
3), the pedicels arising from approximately the same level;
pedicels 5-7 mm. long, lepidote. Calyx very small, plate-like,
scarcely lobed, densely lepidote outside and closely fringed
with weak hairs about 3 mm. long. Corolla white, pink in bud
(Henry), tubular-funnel-shaped, rather narrow towards the base,
about 7 cm. long, lepidote all over the outside except towards
the margin of the lobes; tube 3.5—4 cm. long, softly pubescent
at the base outside; lobes 5, rounded-oblong, about 2.5 cm.

* Rhododendron rufosquamosum, Hutchinson, sp. nov. ; affinis R. supranubio,
Hutchinson, sed foliis basi longe attenuatis stylo in partibus duabus inferioribus

Frutex 1 m. altus; ramuli vetustiores ican cinereo levi obtecti, annotini
parce lepidoti, circiter 3.5 mm. crassi; gemmae floriferae axillares sub anthesin
adhuc non elongatae, squamis laxis coriaceis 2 pilis minutis marginatis carinatis
medium versus lepidotis. Folia oblanceolata, ra triangulari-acuminata, basi
acuto sensim angustata, 7-12 cm. longa, 1.8—4 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, supra
reticulata et medium versus lepidota, squamis cicees diametro suo dimidius
munus

profunde canaliculati, punctato-lepidoti. Inflorescentia pauciflora (probabier 3-),
pedicellis subumbellatis; pedicelli 5-7 mm. longi, lepidoti minim
patelliformis, vix lobatus, extra dense visage et pilis debilibus pee 3 mm.

longis marginatus. Corolla alba, alabastro rosea (Henry), tubuloso-infundibuli-
‘formis, basin versus angusta, circiter 7 cm. ae: xtra
exceptis lepidota ; tubus 3.5-4 cm. longus, extra seneonpagh molliter pubescens ; Tobi 5

rotundato-oblongi, circiter 2.5 cm. lati. Stamina 10,
filamenta in quadrante inferiore molliter Biers antherae 5 mm. longae.
6-loculare, 5 mm. = basi disco molliter tomentoso
corollae fere aequalis, in partibus

cimetum, apice ; stylus
duabus inferioribus lepidotus, ation lobulato coronatus. Capsula non visa.

64 HvuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.
broad. Stamens 10, exserted to about the middle of the lobes ;
filaments softly pubescent in the lowermost $; anthers 5 mm.
long. Ovary 6-celled, 5 mm. long, lepidote, girt with a softly
tomentose disk at the base, rounded truncate at the top; style
nearly as long as the corolla, lepidote in the lower ?, crowned
by a fist-like lobulate stigma. Capsule not seen.

S.W. YuNNAN. Szemao Hills, 4800 ft., shrub 3 ft., fis.
white (buds pink), 9th May, A. Henry, 11983.

ag 26. Rhododendron Scottianum, Hutchinson, n. sp.*
A shrub up to 12 ft. high; one-year-old branchlets rather
densely lepidote with small scales, pale straw-coloured or
brownish when dry, not strigose (so far as observed) ; young
branchlets densely lepidote ; axillary leaf-buds mostly already
well elongated at the time of flowering, the scales slightly lepidote
on the back and fringed with rather short white soft hairs.
Leaves obovate or more rarely elliptic-obovate, slightly narrowed
to a broadish base, with a more or less rounded-triangular sub-
acutely mucronate apex, 6-10 cm. long, 2.5—4 cm. broad, rather
rigidly coriaceous, at first lepidote above but soon glabrous
and faintly reticulate on the upper surface, ferruginous below
with dense scales, the scales often nearly contiguous and never
* Rhododendron Scottianum, Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinis R. ciliicalyci
Franch., sed foliis plerumque obovatis infra squamis fere:6 a cane corollae tubo
extra dense lepidoto, stylo in partibus duabus inferioribus lepidoto differt.

acute mucronata, 6-10 cm. longa, 2. x4 cm ta, ge coriacea, primum supra

longi, verrucosi et lepidoti, supra canaliculati, primum cum foliortit
setoso-ciliati, demum eciliati. Inflorescentia terminalia, folia superans, se

brosae

verse lineares, stramineae ; ‘pedicelli 1-1 .5 cm. longi, circiter 2.5 Mm. crassi,
squamis contiguis vel imbricatis densissime lepidoti. Calyx plerumque parvus
et plus minusve patelliformis, obscure lobatus vel rare lobo uno elongato et

: ; lepid
duabus inferioribus lepidotus, nec pubescens, stigmate viscido lobulato circiter
mm. lato coronatus. Capsula non visa.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 65

more than half their own diameter apart, the epidermis very
densely covered between the scales with conspicuous rod-like
papillae; petioles 0.5-1 cm. long, wrinkled and lepidote, with
a groove on the upper side, setose-ciliate like the leaf-margins
when quite young, soon not setose. Injlorescence tending to
obscure the leaves, 2-4-flowered, the pedicels arising from
approximately the same level; scars of the fallen bud-scales
rather lax and rim-like, transversely linear, straw-coloured ;
pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long, about 2.5 mm. thick, very densely
lepidote with contiguous or overlapping scales. Calyx mostly
small and saucer-shaped, obscurely lobed or rarely one lobe
elongated to about 1 cm. long, the normal lobes densely scaly
outside and fringed with long hairs on the margin (in some
flowers these hairs are poorly developed). Corolla white occa-
sionally flushed with rose outside, with a yellow blotch inside
at the base (Forrest), very widely funnel-shaped from the base,
rather densely scaly outside especially on the tube; tube a
little shorter than the lobes, 3—3.5 cm. long, softly and shortly
pubescent outside the base; lobes 5, rounded, 4 cm. long,
crenulate, lepidote outside. Stamens 10-11, reaching to about
the middle of the lobes, slightly unequal; filaments slender,
densely and softly pilose on their lower 4; anthers 4—4.5 mm.
long. Ovary 5-7-celled, 6 mm. long, densely lepidote; style
curved, about as long as the corolla, lepidote in its lower % or
slightly higher, not hairy as well, crowned by the distinctly
lobulate viscid stigma about 3.5 mm. broad. Capsule not seen.
WESTERN YUNNAN. Hills to the north-west of Tengyueh,
lat. 25° N., faces of cliffs and amongst scrub on rocky slopes,
6000 ft., shrub 3-12 ft., flowers exterior white or flushed with
rose, interior white with a faint tinge of canary-yellow towards
the base, fragrant, May 1912, G. Forrest, 7516. Hills north-
west of Tengyueh, lat. 25° 10’ N., open rocky situations on
cliffs, etc., 8000 ft., shrub 2-3 ft., flowers white, flushed crimson
exterior, fragrant, May 1913, G. Forrest, 11877. Hills west of
Chutong, lat. 25° 25’ N., amongst scrub, 6000-7000 ft., shrub
3-5 ft., flowers white, flushed with rose exterior, May 1913,
G. Forrest, 9994. Head of the Hsin-kuan Valley, lat.
25° 35’ N., on cliffs and amongst scrub, 6000 ft., shrub 2-4 ft.,
flowers white, occasionally flushed with rose outside, with a
blotch of yellow at the base inside, May 1913, G. Forrest,
10008 (type).
- This beautiful species will probably prove to be the gem
of the ciliicalyx alliance. It is named in honour of my late
friend and colleague, Munro Briggs Scott, who was killed at the
battle of Arras in April 1917 (cf. Kew Bull. 1917, 210).

THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

66 H
FLUTCAINSON

a 27. Rhododendron pilicalyx, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

A shrub 1.25 m. high ; two-year-old branchlets covered with
smooth grey bark, the one-year-old ones brownish and finely
lepidote ; axillary leaf-buds just beginning to elongate at the
time of flowering, the scales very small, lepidote outside, and
fringed with soft white hairs. Leaves obovate or obovate-
elliptic, acutely triangular-acuminate at the apex, a little
narrowed to an obtuse or somewhat cuneate base, 5~-IO cm.
long, 2-4 cm. broad, coriaceous, glabrous and dull on the upper
surface when mature, very densely lepidote below with reddish
or purplish-brown scales, the scales contiguous, very small, with
a few larger and blacker ones scattered here and there, the
epidermis between the scales densely papillous; midrib im-
pressed above prominent and lepidote below; lateral nerves
6-7 on each side of the midrib, diverging from it at an angle of
about 45°, slightly te gens — when dry, fading towards
the margin; petiole 0.8—-1.3 cm. long, grooved above, lepidote,
ciliate (the hairs eentualty falling off). Inflorescence 3-5-
flowered ; pedicels arising from approximately the same level,
0.8-1.3 cm. long, densely lepidote. Calyx unequally 5-lobed,
the dorsal (adaxial) lobe the longest, up to 4 mm. long, lobes
ovate-triangular, rounded at the apex, lepidote outside, closely
fringed with rather stiff long hairs. Corolla white with a little
pink (Henry), 6-7 cm. long, 5-lobed, lepidote all over the outside
except towards the margins of the lobes; tube funnel-shaped,
2.5-3.5 cm. long, minutely pubescent outside the base, rather

* Rhododendron pilicalyx, Hutchinson, sp. no affinis R. Surasiano, Ball. f.
et Craib, sed squamis foliorum minoribus ances purpureo-brunneis antheris
longioribus differt.

vutex 1.25 m altus ; ramuli biennes cortice cinereo levi obtecti, annotini

lepidota, epidermide dense papillosa; costa media supra impressa, infra pro-

minens et lepidota ; nervi laterales utrinsecus 7 a costa sub angulo 45° abeuntes,

sicco infra prominuli, versus evanidi; petioli 0.8—1.3 cm. longi, supra

canaliculati, lepidoti, ciliati, Pilis deciduis. Inflorescentia 3-5-flora ; pedicelli sub-
um

ceptis lepidota ; tubus infundibuliformis, 2.5—3.5 cm. longus, basi extra minut
ns, dense dotus ; lobi rotundati, marginibus undulatis. Stamina 11-
13, ad loborum medium exserta; filam in triente vel quadran

-molliter pubescentia ; antherae 5 mm. longae. Ovariwm 5-loculare, lepidotum ;
stylus corollae fere aequilongus, in partibus —— inferioribus lepidotus
stigmate magno depresso lobulato coronatus. Capsula non visa.

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 67

densely lepidote ; lobes rounded, with wavy margins. Stamens
II-13, exserted, reaching to about the middle of the lobes:
filaments softly hairy in the lower } or }; anthers 5 mm. long.
Ovary 5-celled, lepidote; style nearly as long as the corolla,
lepidote in the lower 3 crowned by a large depressed lobulate
stigma. Capsule not seen.

S.E. YuNNAN. Mengtsz, northern mountain forests, 8000 ft.,
fls. white, with a little pink, A. Henry, 10524.

28. Rhododendron Surasianum, Balf. f. et Craib in Notes,
Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. x. 160 (1917).

A spreading shrub about 4 m. high; branchlets short, laxly
leafy towards the apex, the older ones covered with smooth
grey bark; young branchlets finely lepidote, about 2.5 mm.
thick, apparently not bristly; axillary leaf-bearing buds very
small, and dormant at the time of flowering. Leaves elliptic-
obovate or oblong-obovate, rounded to a very shortly cuneate
base, acutely acuminate at the apex, 6-10 cm. long, 2.3-4 cm.
broad, coriaceous, glabrous above when mature and slightly
shining, slightly bullately reticulate, densely lepidote below,
the scales pale brown and contiguous or overlapping, with a few
larger ones scattered here and there, the body of the scales
somewhat dry and depressed in the middle, with a narrow
membranous fringe, the epidermis between the scales rather
laxly papillous ; midrib impressed above, prominent below and
rather densely lepidote ; lateral nerves 6—7 on each side of the
midrib, a little impressed above, straw-coloured and flexuous
below, obscurely looped and branched towards the margin ;
petiole about 1 cm. long, grooved above, lepidote. Flower bud-
scales thinly coriaceous, slightly keeled and densely lepidote
towards the apex, apiculate, fringed with soft white hairs.
Inflorescence 2-3-flowered, umbellate ; pedicels nearly 1.5 cm.
long, densely lepidote with rather dry flake-like scales. Calyx
saucer-like, undulately lobed, about 2 mm. long, densely lepidote
outside and bristly with rather short stiff hairs on the margin.
Corolla pale pink, about 7.5 cm. long; tube about 4 cm. long,
infundibuliform, fairly narrow at the base, rather densely
lepidote outside, and very finely pubescent towards the base ;
lobes 5, broadly oblong, about 3 cm. long, lepidote outside
except towards the margin. Stamens 10, unequal, exserted ;
filaments pubescent towards the base; anthers 6-7 mm. long.
Ovary 5-celled, 7 mm. long, very densely lepidote ; style as long
as the corolla, rather densely lepidote in the lower %, crowned
by a large deeply lobulate stigma. sule ;

NoRTHERN S1aM. Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, 4500 ft., spreading

68 HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON,

shrub about 12 ft. high, fls. pale pink, on rocky ground in
open evergreen jungle, 7th June 1914, A. F. G. Kerr, 3238.

his species is almost a counterpart of my R. pilicalyx from
South-East Yunnan. But the scales on the lower leaf-surface
of the latter are smaller and more fleshy in the middle, ~ the
epidermis is fairly clearly visible between them. The anthers
too are decidly longer, about 5 mm. long in R. pilicalyx and
7mm. long in R. Surasianum. These taken into consideration
with the widely separated distribution leave very little doubt
in my mind that the two are distinct species.

agy 29. Rhododendron supranubium, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

Shrub 14-4 ft. high ; branches twiggy, short ; one-year-old
branchlets more or less straw-coloured, laxly lepidote, about
3 mm. thick; young branchlets densely lepidote, the scale-
leaves in the lower part gradually changing into foliage leaves ;
leaf-bearing axillary buds mostly just elongating at the time
of flowering, the bud-scales broadly ovate-orbicular, subobtusely

* Rhododendron a aca t Hutchinson, sp. nov. sons er cilticalyct,
Franch., sed petiolis brevioribus, foliis plerumqu dbovato-+ inorib
squamis infra Sedeiaeties. corollae tubo extra dense lepidoto differt.

Frutex usque ad 1.25 m. altus; rami breves; ramuli annotini plus minusve
straminei, laxe lepidoti, circiter 3 mm i, juniores dense lepidoti, foliis squami-

us m,

marginibus pi
albidis mollibus instructis. Folia oblanceolata vel slirats-cliieed be Sig
elliptica, breviter et abrupte obtuse acuminata, 3.5-9 cm. longa, 1.3—3.3 cm. lata,
rigide coriacea, supra juventute dense pene et ciliata, ne glabra, et
leviter nitida, infra glauca et dense lepid ota,

petioli 0.5-I cm, longi, squamis parvis subdense obtecti, Sears setis pencs
marginati, supra canaliculati. Inflovescentia usque ad 3-flora, saepe 1
— ee mits — asin pilis mollibus —— circumdatis ; sicuaiae
squama , labroses ; orbiculares,
breviter sia. acuminatae, circiter I.5 cm. ‘longae, tenuiter coriaceae in parte
lata | epidotae, pilis brevibus mollibus albidis marginatae; bracteolae
, apicem versus paullo spatulatae, circiter 2.5 cm. longae, extra pilis
albidis mollibus in dutae ; pedicelli 1 cm. longi, circiter 2 mm. crassi, dense lepidoti.
Calyx plus minusve cupularis vel patelliformis, plerumque distincte sed interdum
obscure lobatus, usque ad 2 mm. longus et 3 mm. latus, extra lepidotus, pilis longis

dimidio inferiore dense lepidotus, stigmate disciformi viscido coronatus
non visa. :

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON, 69

apiculate, coriaceous, with two or three lines of small golden
scales down the back, fringed with soft white hairs. Leaves
oblanceolate or obovate-oblanceolate, rarely elliptic, shortly
and rather abruptly obtusely acuminate, 3.5-9 cm. long, 1.3-
3-3 cm. broad, rigidly coriaceous, when young rather densely

Fic. 9.—Rhododendron supranubium, Hutchinson, n. sp. Nat. size.

scaly above and ciliate, quite glabrous and slightly shining
when mature, glaucous below and rather densely lepidote, the
scales a golden brown and somewhat unequal in size and less
than their own diameter apart, the epidermis between the
scales densely covered with milky-white rod-like papillae ;

iole 0.5-1 cm. long, rather densely covered with small scales,
frequently with a few bristles on each side, with a fairly wide
groove on the upper side. Inflorescence up to 3-flowered, often

70 HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

1-flowered, the pedicels arising from the same level, with a
fringe of soft white hairs below the base of each; scars of the
fallen bud-scales rather dense, rim-like ; outer bud-scales ovate-
orbicular, shortly obtusely acuminate, about 1.5 cm. long, thinly
coriaceous, lepidote up the broad middle portion, fringed with
short soft white hairs ; bracteoles almost filiform, a little spathu-
late towards the apex, about 2.5 cm. long, covered on the
outside with soft white hairs ; pedicels 1 cm. long, about 2 mm.
thick, densely lepidote. Calyx more or less cupular or saucer-
shaped, mostly distinctly but sometimes obscurely lobed, up to
2 mm. long and about 3 mm. broad, lepidote outside, mostly
fringed with long hairs but these sometimes absent on the same
flower-head. Covolla dull white with rose exterior (Forrest),
widely funnel-shaped from the base upwards; tube as long as.
or a little longer than the lobes, about 3 cm. long on one side
and 2.5 cm. long on the other, about 5 mm. in diameter at the
base, 4.5 cm. wide at the top when flattened out, rather densely
lepidote outside, softly pubescent towards the base; lobes 5,
about 3 cm. long and 2.3 cm. broad, lepidote outside and crenu-
late-lepidote on the margin. Stamens 10, unequal, the longest
reaching to above the middle of the corolla lobes; filaments.
rather densely pilose in their lower half; anthers 4.5 mm. long,
chocolate-brown (when dry). Ovary 6-celled, 7 mm. long,
densely lepidote ; style a little shorter than the corolla, rather
densely scaly in the lower half, crowned by a viscid disk-like
stigma. Capsule not seen.

WESTERN YUNNAN. Dry rocky situations on the eastern
flank of the Tali Range, lat. 25° 40’ N., alt. 10,000—11,000 ft.,
shrub 3-6 ft., flowers white, exterior tinged rose, fragrant,
June-July 1906, G. Forrest, 4159. Eastern flank of the Tali
Range, lat. 25° 40’ N., 10,000-11,000 ft., open stony pasture,
shrub 14-3 ft., flowers white washed with rose outside, fragrant,.
May toro, G. Forrest, 6764a. Eastern flank of the Tali Range,
lat. 25° 40’ N., alt. 11,000-12,000 ft., shrub 2-4 ft., flowers dull
white, exterior rose, fragrant, on ledges of cliffs, June 1910,

G. Forrest, 6764 (type).

is may be regarded as a near alpine relation of R. ciliicalyx,
Franch. Besides occurring at a much higher altitude, however,.
it differs from that species in its shorter petioles, smaller leaves,
much more densely arranged scales, by its flowers tending to
become solitary, and by the densely lepidote corolla.

Mr J. C. Williams has this species in cultivation at Caerhays
Castle, Cornwall, under Forrest’s number 6764. He has very
kindly sent me a leafy shoot grown out of doors, and on the
leaves I find the papillae characteristic of the wild specimens.
Occurring at such a high altitude in Yunnan, 10,000-12,000 ft.,

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON, 71

the species should prove hardy i in this country, although prob-
ably susceptible to late spring frosts. It will no doubt be
suitable for planting in the rock garden.

30. Rhododendron Smilesii, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

A tree 20 ft. high; one-year-old branchlets lepidote and
with a few bristly hairs. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate or oblong-
oblanceolate, obtusely mucronate and triangular at the apex,
gradually narrowed from about the middle to an obtuse base,
4.5-6.5 cm. long, 1.8-2.5 cm. broad, rather thinly and rigidly
coriaceous, dull and glabrous above, densely lepidote beneath, the
scales dark brown and less than their own diameter apart, the
epidermis between the scales papillous ; midrib impressed above,
prominent below, slightly lepidote ; lateral nerves about 6 on each
side of the midrib, just visible below, the basal pair ascending
acutely from the base; petiole 5 mm. long, widely V-shaj
grooved in the middle, densely lepidote. Inflorescence 3-flowered,
umbellate, the axis villous; pedicels about 3 mm. long, lepidote.
Calyx small, about 1.5 mm. long, obscurely lobed, lepidote
outside, not ciliate. Corolla small, about 4 cm. long, lepidote,
nearly all over the outside, rather sparingly so on the tube and
not at all towards the margins of the lobes ; tube a little shorter
than the lobes; lobes 5, elliptic-rounded, with finely undulate
margins. Stamens 10, a little longer than the tube; filaments
pubescent in the lower }; anthers 4 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled,
densely lepidote; style 3 cm. long, lepidote in the lower half,
crowned by a lobulate stigma about 3 mm. wide. Capsule
not seen.

NORTHERN SIAM. Pu Sai Lai Leng, tree 20 ft. high, flowers
white; ist April 1893, F. H. Smiles (Herb. Kew).

Rhododendron Smilesii, Hutchinson, sp. nov.; species siamensis affinis R.
Sileiaciacs Hutchinson, sed foliis minoribus infra non glaucis calyce eciliato

corolla breviore differt

Arbor 6 m. ramuli annotini lepidoti et aes setoso-pilosi. Foha
obovato-oblanceolata vel oblongo-oblanceolata, api use mucronata et
triangularia, e medio ad basin obtusum sensim iat. 4.5-6.5 cm. longa,
1.8-2.5 cm. lata, tenuiter et rigide coriacea, supra opaca et glabra, infra dense
lepidota, squamis atrobrunneis spatium diametro suo minus distantibus, epider-
mide pa ae as os ern © supra impressa, infra prominens et leviter lepidota ;
nervi _ ri irciter 6, infra vix prominuli, basales acute ascendentes ;

tioli 5 . lon ngi, supra canaliculati, dense lepidoti. Inflorescentia 3-flora,
aibeiics 4 axe villoso; pedicelli circiter 3 mm lo ongi, lepidoti. Calyx parvus.
: 5 Scien: Corolla parva
longa, fere ubique lepidota; tubus lobis paullo brevior ; lobi 5,
i Stamina to, tubo paullo lepers: a
filamenta in quadrante inferiore pubescentia ; antherae 4 mm. longae. arium
5-loculare, dense lepidotum ; stylus 3 cm. a Scape in i ee inferiore 8 ia
> stigmate circiter 3 mm. lato coronatus. Capsula .

72 HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

31. Rhododendron carneum, Hutchinson in
Bot. Mag. t. 8634 (1915).

A shrub about 1 m. high; twigs densely brown-lepidote.
Leaves elliptic-obovate, subacute, base obtuse or slightly cuneate,
5-11 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, coriaceous, deep green above,
closely reticulate, glabrous, glaucous and lepidote with yellow
scales beneath; midrib raised beneath, with 5-8 lateral nerves
along each side which are visible on both surfaces, are somewhat
curved, and become very slender towards the margin of the
leaf; petiole 0.8-1.4 cm. long, densely lepidote. Bud-scales
widely ovate, bluntly mucronulate, lepidote outside, densel
fringed with soft short white hairs. Calyx well-developed,
5-lobed, two segments rounded-ovate, ciliate at the tip with
long hairs and densely lepidote outside. Corolla flesh-coloured ;
tube 3.5-4 cm. long, I cm. across at the base, 3 cm. across at
the mouth, sparingly lepidote outside, glabrous within ; lobes
spreading, oblong, truncate or rounded, 3 cm. long, 3—3.5 cm.
wide. Stamens usually 12, unequal, slightly exserted ; filaments
slender, with spreading hairs in their lower half, up to 4.5
cm. long; anthers 4 mm. long. Ovary 6-celled, densely
lepidote ; style exserted, 6 cm. long, densely lepidote, pink
upwards ; stigma capitate, brown, viscid, 3 mm. across.

Upper Burma. This very beautiful Rhododendron is a
native of Northern Burma, where it was met with at an altitude
of about 7500 ft. in the Northern Shan States by Major C. W.
Browne, of the Survey of India, by whom a supply of seed was
sent to Colonel F. B. Longe, Holly Lodge, Thorpe, Norwich.
One of the plants raised from these seeds was sent to Kew
for determination, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine.
According to Colonel Longe, this species in its native country
grows on open grassy hillsides away from any large trees,
prefers western slopes, and grows to a height of about 3 ft.

In wild specimens the flowers are of a crimson-pink, which
gradually turns to a delicate white, or to white suffused with
pink.

32. Rhododendron Johnstoneanum, Watt, MSS.* R. formo-
sum, var. Johnstonianum, Brandis, Ind. Trees, 411 (1906).
A rather large bush, much branched ; older branches covered
with grey shining bark ; one-year-old branchlets finely lepidote
* Rhododendron Johnstoneanum, Watt, ined.; sp. nov. ; affinis R. eters
Hook., sed ramulis annotinis dense setosis, foliorum squamis infra d

wywies multo ramosus ; rami vetustiores cortice cinereo nitido obtecti ; ramuli
i minute lepidoti et setoso-pilosi, hornotini setosi sub anthesin j jam elongati,

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 73

sen bristly with hairs; young branchlets already elongating
ime of flowering, bristly. a elliptic or slightly

deere -elliptic, a little narrowed to an obtuse base, rounded
to an obtuse callous mucro at the asad 5-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm.
broad, rigidly coriaceous, bristly ciliate when young, green on
both sides, with reddish nerves when young, densely lepidote
but soon becoming glabrous above, lepidote below, the scales
very dense and nearly contiguous with a broad fringe, the
epidermis minutely papillous between the scales; midrib im-
pressed above, prominent beneath, lepidote ; lateral nerves
slender, about 8 on each side of the midrib, fairly distinct on
the lower surface; petioles 0.5-1.3 cm. long, ciliate, closely
lepidote, grooved on the upper side. Inflorescence about 4-
flowered, the pedicels arising from about the same level; bud-
scales broadly rounded and fringed with soft white ‘hairs ;
pedicels about 1 cm. long, densely lepidote. Calyx oblique,
very short, not or scarcely lobed, he a dense fringe of long
hairs. Corolla funnel-shaped, 6 cm. long, white, spotted with
red inside the adaxial lobe, which has a yellow blotch at the
base on each side; tube flushed with pink outside, lepidote
and softly pubescent outside; lobes 5, emer ovate, a little
apiculate, lepidote towards the middle outside. Stamens 10,
unequal, exserted; filaments pubescent in their lower half;
anthers 5 mm. long. Ovary 6-celled, lepidote; style rather
slender, overtopping the corolla, lepidote in its lower two-thirds,
crowned by a disk-like stigma. Capsule 6-celled, broad, about
2 cm. long, lepidote (after Watt’s drawing).

Assam. Manipur: Sirhoifurar, 6000-7500 ft., fls. rrth April
1882, G. Watt, 6401 (type)

This was named in manuscript by Sir George Watt, who
sent seeds of the species to Kew in January 1882. The seedlings
however, eventually all died off. It is named after Mrs John-

Folia elliptica, vel leviter obovato- eee ad basin obtusum paullo angustata,
ronata, 5-10 cm. longa, 2-4 cm . lata, rigide

nervi laterales graciles, utrinsecus circiter 8, infra satis distincti; petioli 0.5-1.3
cm. longi, ciliati, crebre lepidoti, supra canaliculati. Inflorescentia terminalis,
tis ; squamae gemmarum floriferarum late
lli circiter 1 cm. longi, dense

discif
Watt icon.).

THE MADDENI SERIES OF _,RHODODENDRON.

he 2
74 £iU IUHINSUN

stone, the wife of Colonel Johnstone, Political Agent in Manipur
in 1882. Judging from Sir G. Watt’s notes, the species must
be extraordinarily variable. I have therefore described only
that specimen (Watt, 6401) which corresponds with the col-
lector’s coloured figure in the Kew collection. That there is.
great variation is shown in Sir George’s field notes in the Edin-
burgh Herbarium, which seem worth reproducing in detail.
They are as follows :—

G. Watt, No. 6401 (type): ‘‘ Sirhoifurar, 6-7500 ft., April
11th, 1882; a largish bush, much branched; leaves oblong,
mucronate on short petioles, which have long black hairs,
under-surface coated with brown circular scales; leaf-buds
long, scales with white ciliae; flower-buds round with scales
also having white fringe; flowers large white with rose-purple
flush along midrib of petals especially on outside, sweetly
scented ; peduncles }-} in. long, scarlet with white spots ;
- calyx reduced to a ring having a fringe of long white hairs ;
corolla 2 in. long by 3 in diameter, wide gaping, upper and odd
petal with a yellow mark at sinus on either side and in middle
and within tube spotted orange-red into streaks; others all
pure white with a purple flush on outside; style yellow, sub-
glandularly spotted ; stigma corrugated.”’

Watt, No. 5961: “‘ On the grassy summit of Seripharai,
10-11,000 ft., Jan. 17, 1882; a small bush much branched
at its extremities; leaves elliptic when young covered with
curious circular scales which on dehiscing leave brownish pits
all over the under surface and petiole; when young also ciliate
but when mature with hairs on petiole only about 2 in. long
and on brow petiole } inch; flower-buds globular with broad
ovate acuminate scales having a fringe of pure white hairs ;
fruits 6-angled with only partial dehiscence, tubercled ; seeds
sent to Kew Jan. 31st, 1882.

G. Watt, No. 6213: “‘ Summit of Japvo, 10,000 ft., March
gth, 1882; a small distorted plant, seems same as species
collected on Shiruriphari; leaves dotted, petiole and margin
with long straggling hairs.”

G. Watt, No. 6402: ‘“ Sirohifurar, 6-7500 ft., April 11th,
1882 ; same species as preceding only a yellowish-white variety
with no trace of rose-pink and smaller less hairy leaves ; flowers
quite yellow in bud whereas former are rose-coloured ; young
leaves of both sweetly scented and pale moss green.”

G. Watt, No. 6475: “Summit of Sirohifurar, 8000 ft.,
April r2th, 1882; not in flower at higher points, all in flower-
bud ; flowering freely at 7000 feet along the margins of forests
where grassy slopes commence; leaf-buds small, slim, erect,
I inch long ; leaves large, ovate, erect, leaves in flowering plants

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 75

drooping, 2-4 on extremities of twigs; young leaves pale
moss green, soft, sweetly scented, hairy when a little older,
horizontal with hairs on margin and petiole, also extremity of
twig black-woolly.”’

G. Watt, No. 6701: ‘‘ Keyang, 3rd Peak N.E. of Ching Sow,
gooo ft., April 22nd, 1882; common on summit, pink and
white varieties both.”

. Watt, No. 6881: “ Japvo, 9800 ft., May 15th, 1882; 2
small bush ; leaves when young hairy put glabrous when old
flowers white, yellow dotted on outside, side gaping, sweetly
scented ; calyx a small green ring; ? same as Sirohifurar plant ;
flowers smaller, more gaping, always white, leaves quite glabrous
except when young and calyx glabrous ; if same, it is the yellow
variety which I now regard as worthy of a name.’

33. Rhododendron inaequale, Hutchinson, n. sp.*
R. formosum, var. inaequalis, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Brit. Ind. iii. 473 (1882).

A shrub 1-2 m. high; branches more or less umbellate, the
older ones stout, covered with grey bark ; one-year-old branch-
lets spatingly. lepidote, sometimes also a little strigose towards

; young branchlets lepidote and sparingly strigose-
pubescent ; axillary leaf-bearing buds very small, and quite
dormant at the time of flowering. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-
oblanceolate, acuminate to an obtuse mucronate apex, acute
or subacute at the base, 6-12 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. broad, rather
rigidly coriaceous, at first a little scaly on the upper surface,
soon becoming quite glabrous and reticulate, lepidote below,
the scales slightly unequal in size and 2-3 ‘times their own
diameter apart, the epidermis between the scales fairly densely
papillous ; midrib impressed above, prominent below, minutely
lepidote; lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side of the midrib,

* Rhododendron inaequale, Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinis R. formoso, Waill.,

capsula longiore basi valde obliqua differt
Frutex 1-2 m. altus; rami plus minusve ¢ umbellati, vetustiores robusti, cortice

erent obtecti, an notini parce sarees ersten etiam apic

bosae, c
Spidnlatis coriaceis extra medium versus lepidotis, pilis mollibus albis marginatae ;

76 HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

diverging from it at an angle of 45°-65°, slender and slightly
prominent on the lower surface; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long,
punctate-lepidote, grooved on the upper surface. Inflorescence
about 6-flowered, the pedicels arising from approximately. the
same level; flower-bearing buds ovoid-globose, about 2 cm.
long, the scales broadly rounded, apiculate, leathery, lepidote
towards the middle outside and fringed with short soft white
hairs; pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long, lepidote. Calyx very oblique,
saucer-shaped, about 2 mm. long, undulately lobed, lepidote
outside. Corolla seen only in a withered condition, laxly scaly
all over the outside. Stamens probably 10; filaments rather
densely pubescent in the lower third; anthers 2.5 mm. long.
Ovary 6-celled, oblique, about 1 cm. long, ribbed, closely lepi-
dote; style very long, persistent in fruit, 7-8 cm. long, laxly
lepidote in the lower half, crowned by a deeply rugose-lobulate
stigma. Capsule 6-valved, very oblique, about 3 cm. long,
densely lepidote, the style persisting for some time on the
central axis. :

AssAM. Khasia Hills; summit of Kollong Rock, 1835,
Griffith, 978. Kollong Rock, 5000 ft., 8th July, 23rd October
1850, fr., J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson. Kollong, 6000 ft.,
shrub 3 ft., 23rd August 1885, fr., C. B. Clarke, 40025. Kollong,
5600 ft., 24th May 1886, bush 6 ft., withered fls. and young
fr., C. B. Clarke, 439854. Shillong, 4000 ft., 28th July 1886,
fr., C. B. Clarke, 44324.

For remarks on the habitat of this species see p. 15.

34. Rhododendron Veitchianum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4992
(1857); Millais, Rhododendrons, 257 (1917). R. formosum,
Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma, ii. 94 (1877), non Wall. R.
formosum, var. Veitchianum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, il. 216; Hosseus in Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. xxvii.
505 (1910).

__ Ashrub 2.75 m. high or more growing on rocks or epiphytic
on trees; older branches covered with loose crustaceous bark ;
one-year-old branchlets finely lepidote, apparently not setose ;
axillary leaf-bearing buds very small and still dormant or just

pedicelli 1-1.5 cm. longi, lepidoti. Calyx valde obliquus, patelliformis, circiter
2 mm. longus, undulate lobatus, extra lepidotus. Covolla in statu marcido
tantum visa, extra ubique laxe lepidota. Stamina probabiliter ro; filamenta in
triente inferiore subdense pubescentia ; antherae 2.5 mm. longae. Ovarium 6-
loculare, obliquum, circiter 1 cm. longum, costatum, crebre lepidotum; stylus
longissimus, in fructu persistens, 7-8 cm. longus, in dimidio inferiore lepidotus,
stigmate profunde rugoso-lobulato coronatus. Capsula valde obliqua, circiter
3 cm. longa, dense lepidota, axe centrali-stylo persistente ad breve tempus
coronato.

HUTCHINSON—-THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 77

beginning to develop at the time of flowering, the scales leathery
and obtusely apiculate. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate or elliptic-
obovate, narrowed to the base, obtusely triangular-acuminate
at the apex, 5-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, coriaceous, lepidote
above when young, soon glabrescent and a little reticulate,
glabrous below and lepidote, the scales rather unequal and from
I-14 times their own diameter apart, rusty-brown, fringed with
a narrow membranous collar, the epidermis closely papillous
below ; midrib impressed above, prominent below, laxly lepi-
dote; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender,
arcuate, slightly raised below ; petiole 0.5—-1 cm. long, closely
lepidote, with a narrow groove on the upper side. Inflorescence
up to 5-flowered, the pedicels arising from approximately the
same level; flower-bearing buds ovoid, subacute, 2 cm. long,
the scales broadly ovate or rounded, apiculate, leathery, closely
lepidote outside and densely fringed with soft short hairs ; scars
of the fallen bud-scales in about 8 rows, straw-coloured ; pedicels
5-7 mm. long, lepidote. Calyx rather variable, unequally lobed,
up to 2 mm. long, the lobes broad and frequently with a few
(3 or 4) long slender hairs on the margin, lepidote outside
especially towards the base. Corolla 6-7 cm. long, white inside,
slightly tinged outside with green ; tube widely funnel-shaped,
a little longer than the lobes, lepidote mainly on the dorsal
(adaxial) side, often softly pubescent towards the base; lobes
5, spreading, with strongly crinkled undulate margins, very
sparingly scaly outside towards the middle. Stamens to,
unequal, nearly twice as long as the corolla tube; filaments
pubescent towards the base; anthers 4-5 mm. long. Ovary
5-celled, densely lepidote ; style longer than the corolla, lepidote
in the lower half, crowned by a deeply lobulate disk-like stigma.
Capsule straight, 3 cm. long, about 1.3 cm. thick, rugose-
lepidote.

Burma. Central Burma: Tiddim, Chin Hills, 6000 ft.,
April 1916, V. H. T. Fields Clarke, 35 (Herb. Edinb.). Southern
Shan States: Lakat Taung, Molye, 5000 ft., in open scrub
forests, epiphytic, fls. white, 25th February 1910, W. A.
Robertson, 130. Moolee-it, 7000 ft., 7-8 ft. high or more, some-
times epiphytical on trees, Parish, 418, 419. Expedition to
Nat-toung, Parish. Lower Burma: Mulegit and below Dawna
Range, 6000 ft., fls. 27th January 1912 (seen also on the Ta-u
plateau near the Lampa Chaung down to 2500 ft.), J. H. Lace,
5632. Tenasserim: a shrub on rocks (never in ground) at
6000 ft., epiphytic on tall tree, at 4ooo ft., fils. white, lower
petal deep yellow, Col. Beddome, 105. Without definite
locality, Lobb. - aye ee 2

Stam. Doi Sootep, 4800-4920 ft., fls. white, t2th Decem-

THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

TT
78 FLVULCRINSON

ber 1904, C. C. Hosseus, 201 ; 4500-5500 ft., epiphytic, growing
into a spreading shrub about 12 ft. high, common in evergreen
jungle near the top of Doi Sootep, 2nd January Igog, A. F. G.
Kerr, 512; fr. r4th April 1909, A. F. G. Kerr, 512

ododendron Veitchianum is a fine species inhabiting the
warmer parts of Burma and in Siam. It was first imported
from Moulmain by the Veitchian firm of Exeter, after whom =
was named by Hooker in the Botanical Magazine. The pla
figured in the magazine was exhibited at the esd
Society’s meeting in London on the 6th May 1857. There is
no specimen of this particular plant in the dried collections
at Kew.

It is not always easy to distinguish R. Veitchianum from
broad-leaved examples of R. formosum, Wall. The latter, how-
ever, has nearly always some long hairs on the petioles, leaf
margins, and on the one-year-old leafy shoots, characters whic
appear to be lacking from R. Vettchianum; the latter too hasa
much larger fruit than has R. formosum. Then R. Veitchianum
seems confined to Central and Lower Burma and Siam, whilst
R. formosum is so far known only from the Khasia Hills,
Assam.

35. Rhododendron Cubittii, Hutchinson, n. sp.*

Habit ? One-year-old branchlets covered with pale almost
elepidote bark, about 4 mm. thick ; young branchlets purplish-

* Rhododendron Cubittiit, Hutchinson, sp. n affinis R. Vettchiano, Hook.,
sed ramulis junioribus et foliis et petiolis este eros, foliis elongato-oblongo-
ellipticis differt.

Ramuli annotini cortice a fere elepidoto obtecti, circiter 4 mm. crassi,
juniores purpureo-brunnei, eee eo pilis rigidis pauc cis muniti ; gemmae
foliiferae axillares sub anthesin jam elon inferiori-

ovatis minute ciliolatis see inconspicue lepidotis, superioribus subspatulatis
et tenuioribus basin versus pilis longis marginatis apicibus molliter et dense
ciliolatis. Folia elongato-oblongo-elliptica, basi obtusa, ad apicem longe mucro-

natum sensim attenuata, 1o-11 cm. longa, 3-3.5 cm. lata, rigide sed subtenuiter
coriacea, juniora supra laxe lepidota, mox fere glabra et reticulata, infra glauca

longus, in latere dorsali lepidotus, basin versus molliter pubescens ; lobi margine
undulati, extra laxe lepidoti. Stamina to, corollae fere aequilonga ; filamenta
inferne pubescentia ; antherae 5mm. longae. Ovarium 6-loculare, 6 mm. longum,
in stylum abrupte contractum, dense lepidotum ; stylus staminibus leviter longior,
in triente rit igh laxe lepidotus, stigmate disciformi lobula

Capsula non

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 79

brown, sparingly lepidote, with a few long stiff hairs; axillary
leaf-bearing buds already elongated at the time of flowering,
scale-leaves subpersistent, the lowermost ovate and very minutely
ciliolate, inconspicuously lepidote outside near the middle, the
upper ones more spathulate and thinner and fringed with long
hairs towards the base, the tips softly and densely ciliolate.
Leaves elongate-oblong-elliptic, obtuse at the base, gradually
narrowed to a rather long mucronate apex, I0-1I cm. long,
3-3.5 cm. broad, rigidly but rather thinly coriaceous, loosely
lepidote above when quite young, soon becoming nearly glabrous
and reticulate, probably somewhat glaucous below and lepidote,
the scales slightly more than their own diameter apart, some-
what unequal, the epidermis between the scales closely papillous ;
midrib narrowly impressed above, fairly prominent below,
sparingly lepidote ; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the
midrib, faint below; petioles 1-2 cm. long, grooved above,
and with a few long stiff hairs on the margin, punctate-lepidote.
Inflorescence 2-flowered; flowering buds not seen; pedicels
5 mm. long, stout, densely lepidote with yellowish scales. Calyx
oblique, about 3 mm. long on the dorsal (adaxial) side, undu-
lately lobed, densely lepidote outside, apparently not ciliate.
Corolla (colour ?) about 7 cm. long, 5-lobed, fairly widely funnel-
shaped ; tube up to 4 cm. long, lepidote only on the dorsal
(adaxial) side, softly pubescent towards the base; lobes with
undulate margins, laxly lepidote outside. Stamens to, nearly
as long as the corolla ; filaments pubescent in their lower part ;
anthers 5.mm.long. Ovary 6-celled, 6mm. long, abruptly con-
tracted into the style, densely lepidote; style slightly longer
than the stamens, rather laxly scaly in the lowermost 4 of its
length, crowned by a discoid lobulate stigma. Capsule not
known.

NortH BurMa. Bhamo Division: Maru-kahtaung (Sindum),
5500 ft., March 1909, G. E. S. Cubitt, 385 (Herb. Edinb.).

The above description has been drawn up from the single
flowering specimen quoted. The species may be regarded as
a northern outlier of R. Vettchianum, Hook., and in many
respects it is intermediate between that species and R. formosum,
Wall., from the Khasia Hills. It has the bristly shoots, leaf
margins, and petioles of R. formosum, and flowers like R. Veitchi-
anum. The elongated leaves are not at all obovate as in both
the other species.

80 HuTCHINSON—TIHE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

36. Rhododendron formosum, Wallich, Plant. Asiat. Rar.,
a. 3, t 207 (1832) ; G. Don, Gen. Syst. ili. 845 (1834);
DC. Prodr. vii. 721 (1839); Bot. Mag. t. 4457 (1849) ;
C. B. Clarké “in Hook. f. Fi. Brit. ‘Ind. ii. 473 {1882};
Millais, Rhododendrons, 168 (1917), excl. var. Johnstone-
anum. R. Gibsoni, Paxton, Mag. of Bot. viii. t. 217 (1841);
Fl. des Serres, i. t. 18 (1845).

A much branched shrub ; branches spreading, leafy, shining,
the younger parts finely lepidote. Leaves crowded, very vari-
able, oblanceolate to obovate, usually subacute or acute-acumi-
nate at the apex, mucronate, gradually narrowed to the base,
3-7 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, papery or thinly coriaceous, laxly
lepidote above when young, soon becoming glabrous or nearly
so, fringed with long white hairs on the margin especially when
young (sometimes not fringed), more densely lepidote and
glabrous beneath, the scales 1-14 times their own diameter
apart, reddish-brown, and slightly unequal in size, the epidermis
densely covered with short rod-like papillae ; midrib impressed
above, prominent beneath, rather sparingly lepidote; lateral
nerves mostly scarcely visible, 6-8 on each side of the midrib ;
petiole 5-8 mm. long, lepidote, grooved above, often fringed
with long hairs. Inflorescence 2-3-flowered, the pedicels arising
from about the same level; flower-bearing buds narrowly
ellipsoid, acute, the outer scales gradually changing into leaves,
acuminate, a little lepidote on the back, fringed with soft short
hairs ; pedicels up to 1.3 cm. long, rather densely scaly. Calyx
very small, undulate, densely lepidote outside, occasionally with
one or two long hairs on the margin. Corolla white, tinged with
. yellow and rose, with 5 external red stripes, funnel-shaped,
about 6 cm. long; tube about as long as the lobes, lepidote
outside, softly pubescent towards the base; lobes 5, broadly
ovate, rounded at the apex, about 2.5 cm. long and broad.
Stamens 10, unéqual in length, #-14 times as long as the tube;
filaments densely pubescent in their lower half; anthers 5 mm.
long. Disk tomentose. Ovary 6-celled, about 5 mm. long,
densely lepidote; style as long as or longer than the corolla,
lepidote in the lower half or three-quarters, rather slender,
crowned with a broad capitate stigma. Capsule straight,
I.5-2 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick, strongly ribbed, densely
lepidote. Seeds brown, 2 mm. long, sharply pointed at one
end.

AssAM. Khasia Hills; without precise locality, Smith (fide
Wallich, l.c.), type. Between Moflong and Myrung, gth Novem-
ber 1835, fis., Griffith (Kew Distrib., No. 3506); towards

Kala Panee, 3rd November 1835, fr., Griffith, 770 (Kew Distrib.,

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 81

No. 3506). Kala Panee, 5000 ft., 27th June, 5th August,
28th October 1850, fr., J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson. Boja-
Panee, 5000 ft., 29th June 1850, spec. sterile, J. D. Hooker and
T. Thomson. Boja-Panee, 5000 ft., 27th October 1850, J. D.
Hooker and T. Thomson. Pomrang, 4000 ft., 16th September
1850, fils, J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson. Bor-Panee,
Simons, to. Lailankote, 5500 ft., 26th September 1886, fr.,
C. B. Clarke, 45563.

For further notes on this species and its varieties described
in the Flora of British India see p. 14.

G. Don (l.c.) gives Nepal as the habitat of R. formosum, but
this is obviously a mistake. There are always 6 cells in the
ovary and not 10 as stated by Don; perhaps he assumed there
were 10 cells from Wallich having described the ovary as being
“* to-furrowed.”’

Kurz (For. Fi. Burma, ii. 94) records R. formosum from
Martaban, but his description seems to indicate a mixture of R.
formosumand R. Veitchianum. I have seen only the latter species
from this region, and it is extremely unlikely that R. formosum
should occur there, as we know it only from the Khasia Hills.

R. formosum is a favourite greenhouse shrub, with deliciously
scented flowers. According to Millais (l.c.) it grows well and
flowers freely out of doors in Cornwall, the West of Scotland,
and in Guernsey, but does best even in those mild climates when
given the shelter of a wall. There is a beautiful drawing by
Fitch in the Botanical Magazine at t. 4457.

37. Rhododendron burmanicum, Hutchinson in Kew
Bull. 1914, 185. ;

A branched shrub; one-year-old branchlets elongated,
rusty-brown, lepidote, very densely so towards the top and
strigose pilose here and there. Leaves crowded, numerous,
oblanceolate to obovate, more or less shortly triangular at the
apex with a knob-like mucro, cuneate at the base, 6-8 cm.
long, 1.75—4 cm. broad, subcoriaceous, densely lepidote on both
surfaces, the younger ones thinly ciliate especially towards the
base, the scales both above and below much less than their
own diameter apart, sometimes contiguous or slightly over-
lapping, with a few larger ones scattered here and there, the
epidermis shortly papillous between the scales; midrib im-
pressed above, prominent below, lepidote; lateral nerves 9-11
on each side of the midrib, diverging from it at an angle of 45°
or more, arcuate, slender, slightly prominent below ; petioles
stout, 0.5-I1 cm. long, grooved above, about 3 mm. thick,
densely brown-lepidote, ciliate. Inflorescence terminal, 5

82 HuTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON,

flowered ; outer bud-scales broadly ovate, long-caudate acu-
minate, submembranous, densely lepidote outside, long-ciliate,
the inner ones suborbicular, mucronate, villous with white hairs
on the margin, sparingly lepidote outside ; pedicels 0.5-2 cm.
long, arising from about the same point, slender, about I mm.
thick, lepidote. Calyx very small, long-pilose-ciliate. Corolla
sweet-scented, greenish-white or yellowish, narrowly funnel-
shaped, about 4.5-5 cm. long, lepidote all over the outside ;
tube 3 cm. long, slightly pubescent towards the base outside ;
lobes 5, ovate-rounded, about 2 cm. long and broad. Stamens
10, slightly exserted ; filaments white-villous in the lower part ;
anthers 4-5 mm. long. Disk fleshy, lobulate. Ovary 6-celled,
oblong, densely lepidote; style early exserted, 4 cm. long,
sparingly lepidote i in the lower half, crowned by a stigma about
3 mm. in diameter.

SouTH-WeEst Burma. Mt. Victoria, Lady Wheeler Cuffe
(originally described from a plant grown in the Glasnevin
Botanic Gardens, Dublin).

38. Rhododendron pachypodum, Balf. f. et W. W. Smith in
Notes, Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. ix. 254 (1916).

A shrub 1.5 m. high ; older branchlets covered with smooth
grey bark; one-year-old branchlets reddish-brown, lepidote ;
young branchlets clothed towards the base with the briefly
persistent scale leaves, densely lepidote ; axillary buds probably
_ fairly well advanced at the time of flowering, the scales ovate
acuminate, lepidote outside, keeled, the inner ones fringed with
soft white hairs. Leaves oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate,
long and obtusely triangular-acuminate at the apex, gradually
narrowed to the base, up to Io cm. long and 3.5 cm. broad,
rigidly coriaceous, sparingly lepidote above or at length glabrous,
reticulate, very densely lepidote and glaucous beneath, the
scales rather small and about half their own diameter apart,
reddish-brown, the epidermis between the scales densely papil-
lous; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, straw-
coloured and lepidote, thick and broad towards the base ;
lateral nerves slender and distinct below, a little flexuous,
about 6-7 on each side of the midrib; petiole 0.5—1 cm. long,
lepidote, grooved above, occasionally with a few weak hairs
on each side when young. Inflorescence about 3-flowered or
less ; pedicels about I cm. long, stout, wrinkled and densely
lepidote. Calyx oblique, with 5 more or less triangular lobes
about 2 mm. long, lepidote outside, and fringed with hairs.
Corolla yellow (Forrest), all over the outside, about 3-5 cm.
long; tube minutely pubescent towards the base outside ;

HUTCHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON. 83

lobes 5, oblong-rounded, about 1.5 cm. long. Stamens 10,
inclided ; filaments pubescent in the lower half ; anthers 4 mm.
long. Ovary 6-celled, densely lepidote; style about 2.5 cm.
long, at length about 5 cm. long in nearly mature fruit, lepidote
in its lower 3 crowned by a fist-like lobulate stigma. Capsule
oblique at the base, 2 cm. long, 6-ribbed, densely covered with
golden scales.

YUNNAN. Western flank of the Tali Range, lat.
25° 40’ N., open stony pasture and amongst scrub, go00—10,000
ft.; shrub 2-5 ft., in fruit August 1913, G. Forrest, 11547
(Herb. Edinb.). Tali Range, side valleys; lat. 25° 40’ N., in
open scrub, 10,000 ft., shrub 3-4 ft., fls. yellow, August I914,
G. Forrest, 13512 (Herb. Edinb.).

This is a yellow-flowered species very close indeed to my
R. carneum, which has flesh-coloured flowers. The calyx lobes
of R. cayneum are perhaps much more rounded than in R.
pachypodum ; = material of both species is, however, as yet

very inadequat

39. Rhododendron iteaphyllum, Hutchinson, n. sp.*_ R. for-
mosum, var. salicifolium, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. iti. 473 (1882), non R. salictfolium, Becc. (1878).

An erect shrub up to 2 m. high; branchlets rather densely
leafy, the one-year-old ones rather densely lepidote and sparingly
setose-pilose. Leaves linear or linear-oblanceo narro pee
to an acute base, subacutely triangular at the apex, ~9 ¢
long, 0.7-1.5 cm. broad, chartaceous, —— ciliate wid

* Rhododendron tteaphylium, Hutchinson, sp. nov. ; affinis R. i Wall.,
sed foliis linearibus vel lineari-oblanceolatis 0.7—1.5 cm. latis
altus ; ramuli dense foliati, naam pon lepidoti
linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, ad basin acutum
angustata, apice subacute ee 5-9 cm. longa, o -7-1.5 cm lata, chartacea,

lio

alati, ciliati, supra profunde a lepidoti.
umbellatim circiter 3-flora; squamae gemmarum floriferarum apicem versus
extra molliter et breviter Steiceatie. a ‘pilis brevibus margi :
pedicelli circiter 6 mm. longi, subdense lepido Calyx minimus, elobatus,
circiter 0.5 mm. longus, extra Ss Fe Snare. e basi late Se as ce.
circiter 5-6 cm. longa, one ubique parce lepidota; tubus circiter 3.5

; lobi 5, rotundati, medium versus lepidoti. Salar

nta i
longae. Ovarium 6-loculare, dense lepidotum ; ; stylus in dimidio inferiore parce
lepidotus, corollam paullo superans stigmate magno lobulato coronatus.
Capsula recta, 1.6 cm. longa, axi centrali st basi persistente coronato. Semina

brunnea, 2 mm. longa, apice caudata.

84 HutTcHINSON—THE MADDENI SERIES OF RHODODENDRON.

young, at length eciliate, sparingly lepidote and sometimes a
little bristly on the upper surface, lepidote below, the scales
about their own or less thar their own diameter apart, closely
papillous between the scales ; midrib slightly impressed above,
prominent and sparingly lepidote below, about I mm. broad
at the base, gradually tapered to the apex; lateral nerves
scarcely evident, about 8—10o on each side of the midrib ; petioles
0.5-I1 cm. long, winged with the decurrent leaf blade, ciliate,
deeply grooved on the upper side, lepidote. Inflorescence
terminal, about 3-flowered, the pedicels arising from the same
level; flower bud-scales softly and shortly pubescent outside
towards the apex, not lepidote, fringed with short hairs ;
pedicels about 6 mm. long, rather densely lepidote. Calyx very
small and not lobed, about 0.5 mm. long, lepidote outside.
Corolla rather widely funnel-shaped from the base, about 5-6 cm.
long, sparingly lepidote all over the outer surface ; tube about
' 3.5-4 cm. long, not hairy outside; lobes rounded, lepidote
towards the middle. Stamens 10, a little exserted ; filaments
densely pubescent in the lower half; anthers 4.5 mm. long.
Ovary 6-celled, densely lepidote ; style sparingly lepidote in the
lower half, a little longer than the corolla, slender, crowned by
a large lobulate stigma. Capsule straight, 1.6 cm. long, the
central axis tipped with the persistent base of the style. Seeds
brown, 2 mm. long, tailed at one end.

Assam. Khasia Hills: rocks of Bor-Panee, 2000 ft., 24th
July 1850, erect bush 6 ft. high, fr. 2nd October 1850, J. D.
Hooker and T. Thomson. Along the stream at the same place,
fls., Simons. Without definite locality, T. Lobb, No. 3;
G. Mann.

Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Office
Nei_t. & Co, Lrp,, Edinburgh.

NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

in 2g

ProFEssor BAYLEY BALFOUR, F.R:S.

1¥.

THE forty new species described are :—

Rhododendron aemulorum, Balf, f.

[ Notes, R.B.G.,
Wh t 17548/149—B75—8]20—N, & Co., Ltd.

,p. 86,

oe a Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 88.

arizelum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. go.
eataiee Balf. f. et Forrest, a
chaetomallum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 95-
chloranthum, Balf. f. et Forres st, p. oe
pa wesstieat ang f. et Forrest,

m, Balf. f. et Fo ee - ‘102,

deadriteishawt “Balt f. et Forrest, 3
eclecteum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 105.
erileucum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 108.
erythrocalyx, Balf. f. et Forrest, mes IIo,
fulvoides, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 1
hemitrichotum, Balf. f. et Poca: x 115.
hormophorum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 117.
hypophaeum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 120.
Jenestierianum, G, Forrest, p. 122.
lepidostylum, Balf. f. et Forrest, P. 124.

nakotiltum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 143.
planetum, Balf, f. , p- 145.
pothinum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 147.

pubescens, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 153.

pyrrhoanthum, Balf. f., p. 154.

regale, Balf. f. et Ward, p. 156.
rubrolineatum, Balf, f. et Forrest, p. 160.

sidereum, Balf. f., p. 162.

tapeinum, Ball. at Farrer, p. 164.

timeteum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 166.

Edin., Nos. LVII-LVHiI, — 1920,} A

WV?

86 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rhododendron i ntiereor Balf. £. et Forrest, p. 169.
ichophorum, Balf. f., p. 173.
is vicarium, Balf. f., p. 176.
= Vilmorinianum, Ball. f. , p. 181.

Rhododendron aemulorum, Balf.f.* (Haematodes.)

A much-branched shrub or small tree attaining 4 m. in height.
Branches stout, those a year old some 6 mm. in diameter, en-
wrapped in a grey or cinnamon-grey bistrate dense tomentose
indumentum about 1 mm. thick, the rosette-hairs of the lower
stratum uncoloured of many narrow pointed branches on short
stalks, hairs of the upper stratum long cinnamon-tinted with
stout many-celled stalk and many ascending besom-clustered
thin pointed interlocking branches, the tomentum more or less
persistent until decortication after some years. Foliage-buds
unknown. Leaves petiolate as much as 15 cm. long; lamina
very thick leathery stiff obovate as much as 13 cm. long 8 cm.

road, apex rounded somewhat truncate or retuse with a short
stout mucro, margin cartilaginous plane, base obtuse ; upper
surface dark green rough rugulose and with punctulations from
bases of fallen hairs, the midrib raised at base becoming grooved
upwards, the primary veins about 12 on each side grooved as
are the smaller veins the intermediate surface being raised,
glabrous except the midrib and primary veins which are more or
less floccose with cinnamon-coloured or grey hairs ; under sur-

face cinnamon-brown covered with a dense woolly bistrate

tomentum one millimeter or more thick the hairs like those of
the stem, midrib more or less prominent and like the rest of
venation which is hidden covered by the tomentum ; petiole
stout about 2.5 cm. long 5 mm. in diameter enwrapped like the
stem in tomentum. Flowers in a terminal about 14-flowered
compact umbel the rhachis about 1 cm. long densely woolly,
the wool orange-coloured ; fertile bracts membranous obovate-
oblong about 3 cm. long 1 cm. broad orange-coloured silkily

* _Rhododendron aemulorum, Balt. f. ~—Frutex multiramosus ad 4 m. altus.
o cinnam

osa
circ, 14-flora, rhachi lanata; bracteae membranaceae circ. 3 cm. longae obovato-
oblongae utrinque sericeae ; bracteolae lineares pedicellis breviores pilo-cristatae ;
pedicelli decurvati circ. 1.3 cm. longi dense lanati. Calyx obsoletus vel brevissime
5-dentatus lanato-tomentosus. Corolla tubuloso-campanulata postice convexa
kermesina maculata circ. 4 cm. longa utrinque glabra 5-lobata ; lobi late bilobu-
lati. Stamina ro corolla gynae ue breviora; filamenta glabra. Discus glaber.

ceog
Gynaeceum corolla paullo brevius ; ovarium conoideum circ. 7 mm. longum dense
tomentosum

m ; stylus glaber.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 87

hairy outside and towards top inside, finely ciliate at margin ;
bracteoles narrow linear silkily hairy outside with a long hair
crest, about 8 mm. long shorter than pedicels ; pedicel stout about
1.3 cm. long densely woolly with orange-yellow hairs, decurved
seton very obliquely to the calyx. Calyx obsolete showing
5 minute woolly teeth. Corolla fleshy tubular-campanulate some-
what oblique with a convex posterior side dark crimson darker
spotted on all the petals about 4 cm. long glabrous inside and
outside ; tube shallowly pouched at the base with dark glandular
surface in the pouches inside, the posterior larger ; limb 5-lobed ;
lobes short and broad about 1.5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad, rounded
slightly crenulate bilobed. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than
corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 3 cm. long with anther
2.5 mm. long, shortest about 2 cm. long with anther 2 mm.
long; filaments red glabrous hardly expanded downwards ;
anthers dark black-purple. Disk dark-purple glabrous.
Gynaeceum about 3.5 cm. long shorter than corolla; ovary
conoid about 7 mm. long grooved truncate densely woolly
like the pedicels ; style glabrous hardly dilated under the small
lobulate discoid stigma to which it forms a lip.

. Yunnan. Eastern flank of the N’Maikha-Salween ©
divide. Lat. 26° N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers
very deep crimson. On open rocky slopes and the margins of
thickets. G. Forrest. No. 17,853. April 1919.

W. Yunnan. N’Maikha-Salween divide. Lat. 26° 40’ N.
Alt. 11,000 ft. Duplicate in immature fruit of No. 17,853-
G. Forrest. No. 17,995. June 1919.

W. Yunnan. Same habitat and locality as No. 17,853, of
which it is duplicate in fruit. G. Forrest. No. 18,354. July
IgIQ.

: NE. Upper Burma. Hpimaw Pass. Alt. 10,000 ft. Just
in bloom on the southerly-facing dip of the Hpimaw Pass, on
both sides of which it abounds amid the small bamboo-brake.
A dwarfish many-branched thin tree of 15 feet, with brown-
felted leaves, and rather waxy flowers of intense scarlet-crimson,
without scent. Farrer. No. 815. April 11, rgr19.

A species of the Haematodes series and a very distinct one,
At sight its rugose very thick leaves with bright-coloured under-
leaf tomentum and the bilobed lobes of the 5-lobed corolla
simulating a 10-lobed one might suggest the Falconeri series.
But it has no near relationship to that series. From RA.
haematodes, Franch., a plant of the Tali Range in Yunnan,
the rich-coloured indumentum of the larger leaves suffices
to separate it. Rh. chaetomallum, Balf. f. et Forrest, from far
North in S.E. Tibet, has leaves almost as large, but they are
much thinner with a thinner brownish-buff indumentum and

88 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

the stems have an indumentum more or less setulose in the
upper stratum.

Rhododendron agglutinatum, Balf. f. et Forrest.*

Shrub barely 2 m. high with stout branches showing short
annual growths. Branches a year old greenish-yellow glabrous
or with a withered eee _ trace of juvenile hairs and
glands, as much as 4 mm. in diameter. Foliage-buds ovoid
pointed ; outer scale-leaves ae cucullate leathery with
thinner margin keeled and mucronate puberulous on back pro-
minently silky inside the margin ciliate with sebaceous hairs

very numerous around the mucro, transition-forms more oval,
innermost which are carried up on elongating shoot are more

-or less membranous yellow elongated spathulate pointed and

mucronate as much as 2.5 cm. long 8 mm. broad ciliate with
sebaceous hairs; young leaves revolute covered on both sides
like the young stems with large orange-coloured glands mixed
with long branched wide-celled hairs, the hairs fewer and glands
more numerous on upper than on under side. Leaves petiolate
as much as 10 cm. long ; lamina leathery oblong-oval or oblong
sometimes a little broader above the middle as much as 8.5
cm. long 3.5 cm. broad, apex obtuse or somewhat acute some-
times almost rounded with a red short mucro, margin cartila-

* Rhododendron pclae: Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex vix 2 m. altus
ramis crassis. ami annotini viridi-flavi glabri vel — “juvenilis vestigiis

petiolata ad to cm. longa; lamina coriacea oblongo-ovalis vel oblongs semel

fulva ubique —— pellicula laevi apeirtinies. pilorum glandularumque
i iolus c irc

cm. longus hacks flavus saepe indumenti weatigita conspersus. Flores in racemo-
umbellam compactam circ. 10-12-floram aggregati, rhachi puberula et glandulosa
ertil

intus puberula 5-loba ; lobi emarginati lati circ. 1.5 cm. longi 2 cm. lati n
10 inaequalia corolla gynaeceoque multo ra ee EE villosa ae

puberulus. Gynaeceum corolla brevius circ. 2.5 cm. longum ; ovarium circ. 3.5
mm. longum sulcatum truncatum glabrum; stylus glaber sub sagashti phidsho
paullo expans

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 89

ginous slightly recurved, base truncate or sometimes approach-
ing cordulate with narrow lateral lobes; upper surface dark
olive-green with a tinge of red conspicuously shagreened glabrous
all except the grooved red midrib in which are withered hairs
and glands, primary veins some 15 on each side red and slightly
grooved ; under surface dark tawny covered by persistent
agglutinate indumentum forming a pellicle over the whole sur-
face including the raised midrib and primary veins (which latter
it conceals), where pellicle removed the midrib appears bright
yellow and this is seen particularly in its thicker part towards
base of lamina, indumentum formed of a mixture of the glands
and long-branched broad cells of the juvenile leaves now glued
together into a more or less uniform or slightly areolate skin ;
petiole about 1.5 cm. long stout bright yellow rarely a trace of
the juvenile hairs and glands. Flowers in small compact
raceme-umbels of some 10—12 flowers, the rhachis about 5 mm.
long puberulous and glandular; fertile bracts broadly obovate
spathulate as much as 2 cm. long 1 cm. broad densely silkily
woolly ; bracteoles filiform very short about 3 mm. long thickly
pilose and hair-crested ; pedicels short about 1.5 cm. long some-
times longer sometimes shorter often red sparingly glandular and
floccose. Calyx small hardly t mm. long reddened with 5 obtuse
rounded or pointed lobes puberulous and shortly ciliate. Corolla
about 3.5 cm. long erect and nearly regular funnel-shaped cam-
panulate or nodding and irregular campanulate washed rose with
many conspicuous crimson dots over posterior side glabrous
outside, puberulous at base inside, expanding into a 5-lobed
limb ; lobes broad about 1.5 cm. long about 2 cm. broad emar-
ginate. Stamens Io unequal much shorter than corolla and
gynaeceum, longest about 2 cm. long, shortest about 1 cm. long ;
filaments broad villous over a greater part of length from base ;
anthers about 2 mm. long. Disk copiously puberulous.
Gynaeceum about 2.5 cm. long shorter than corolla; ovary
about 3.5 mm. long cylindric deeply grooved truncate glabrous ;
style glabrous stout slightly expanded below the lobulate
stigma

S.W. Szechwan. Mountains around Mu-li. Lat. 28° 12’ N. |
Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. In Rhododendron forest. Shrub of
4-6 ft. Flowers white with crimson markings. G. Forrest.
No. 16,319. June 1918. :

S.W. Szechwan. Mu-li Mountains. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt.

II,000—12,000 ft. Open rocky slopes. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers

washed rose deepest in bud with crimson markings. G. Forrest.
No. ginine June 1918.

S.W. Szechwan. Mu-li Mountains. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt.
12,000 ft. On open rocky slopes. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers

go BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

creamy white with few markings. G. Forrest. No. 16,459.
June 1918.

N.W. Yunnan. Western slopes of the Bei-ma-Shan. Lat.
28° 18’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In open thickets. Shrub of 3-5 ft.
Flowers rose or white flushed rose with crimson markings.
G. Forrest. No. 16,489. July 1918.

A species which recalls Rh. phaeochrysum, Balf. f. et W. W.
Sm., but is smaller in all its parts and is at once recognised by
the bright yellow petioles and midribs of the same colour where
the indumentum is remove

Rhododendron arizelum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.t (Falconeri.)

Robust shrub or small tree as much as 6 m. high. Branches
stout, those of the year about 7 mm. in diameter enwrapped in
a cinnamon-coloured tomentum, those a year old often over
I cm. in diameter glabrescent blackening, traces of the tomentum
remaining until decortication, bark flaking off leaving a pale
reddish smooth surface. Foliage-buds conical large; 5 or 6
outermost scale-leaves imbricate elongated triangular tapering
rom a broad base to an acuminate tip, or with a wide basal
portion and a long tail, insertion broad half-moon shaped, hard
woody keeled, cobwebbed outside, glabrous somewhat glossy
inside, margin ciliate with cobwebbed hairs which form a tuft
at the tip ; inner bracts convolute ovate and mucronate slightly
keeled sticky forming the chamber to the revolute erect young
leaves. Leaves large petiolate as much as 18 cm. long ; lamina
very thick leathery obovate as much as 15 cm. long 8 cm. broad,
apex rounded usually slightly emarginate with a hydathodal

* aoilndoc, notable—in allusion to its qualities.
+ Rhododendron arizelum, Balf. f. et Forrest —Frutex robustus ad 6 m. altus.
Rami crassi annotini tomentosi glabrescentes. Alabastra foliorum conica ;
perulae extimae acuminatae albido-tomentosae ; intimae plus minusve ovatae
convolutae viscidae. Folia petiolata ad 18 cm. longa;

ynae corol
ovarium ovoideum 15-16-loculare pilis fasciatis dense ae es stylus glaber
staminibus longior sub stigmate late discoideo clavatus. Capsula curvata pilis
aurantiacis plus minusve vestita. Semina complanata arillata.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. gl

mucro in the sinus or in smaller leaves somewhat obtuse and
ending in a long projecting mucro, margin broadly cartilaginous
somewhat undulate, base obtuse or subtruncate or even cordu-
late; upper surface dark green rugulose and somewhat
shagreened more or less splatched with dirty grey vestiges of
a thin juvenile coating of cobwebbed hairs, midrib raised at
base depressed upwards always clad with grey cobwebbed hairs,
primary veins some 12 on each side slightly depressed spreading
outwards at a right angle or slightly obtuse angle ; under sur-
face cinnamon-coloured clad all over (the raised midrib and
hardly visible veins included) with a dense bistrate persistent
indumentum, upper stratum cinnamon-colour persistent of
narrow funnel-shaped cup-hairs easily separable each with short
multicellular stalk the wall of cells elongated in the axis of the
cup and with thicker ridges from which as well as from the
margin proceed many thick-walled branches which interlace and
give a woolly character to the whole surface, under stratum
persistent always concealed by upper stratum white of rosette-
hairs with very short stalks, the cells of the hairs thin-walled
vesicular agglutinated ; petiole not bearded stout as much as 3 cm,
long 6 mm. in diameter gradually passing into the ridged midrib
above and below cylindric not grooved upper side with white
cobwebbed hairs under surface cinnamon-coloured often glab-
rescent above. Inflorescence-bud globose. Inflorescence a race-
mose umbel of 15 or more flowers, rhachis stout more or less
cinnamon-tomentose ; outermost sterile bracts a few like those
of foliage-buds, followed by many sterile bracts rounded to ovate
often with thinner marginal wing all more or less sticky and
remaining adherent as flowers open; inner fertile bracts thin
leathery oblong-obovate about 2.5 cm. long I cm. broad rounded
at top and mucronate, inside finely silky towards top, outside
densely and coarsely silky; bracteoles linear barely 1 cm. long
shorter than pedicel, densely adpressedly hairy outside, hair-
crested ; pedicels stout straight somewhat unequal as much as
2.5 cm. long elongating in fruit to 3.5 cm., swollen at the oblique
top below the flower, tomentose with long branching thin-walled
intricately interwoven hairs, no cup-hairs. Calyx only indi-
cated by some tomentose short points sharp or blunt. Corolla
fleshy pale yellow with crimson or rose flush at base, campanu-
late oblique, posterior side arched and somewhat ventricose
longer as much as 4.5 cm. long, hardly pouched at base 8-lobed ;
lobes rounded imbricate usually emarginate often slightly crenu-
late about 1 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad, glabrous outside and inside.
Stamens 16 slightly unequal shorter than corolla-tube and
gynaeceum longest about 2.5 cm. long shortest about 1.5 cm.
long ; anthers broad about 3 mm. long ; filaments dilated down-

92 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

wards sparingly puberulous for a short distance above the base.
Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum a little shorter than corolla on upper
side about 4 cm. long ; ovary ovoid-truncate 15-locular slightly
curved grooved eglandular densely tomentose with pink tinted
indumentum of fasciate hairs; style stout glabrous exceeding
the stamens ending in a broad lobulate stigma. Capsule slightly
curved oblong-ovoid about 3.5 cm. long 1 cm. broad more or
less clad with cinnamon-coloured indumentum of orange-coloured
fasciate hairs, dehiscing by 12-15 single or a less number of
compound (2-4) valves (or these intermixed) leaving 12-15
placentas on the axis. Seeds pale-brown flattened oblong or
oval or elliptic or oboval as much as 3 mm. long 1.5 mm. across
with a conspicuous lateral arillate wing, a broad fringed mem-
branous arillar chalazal crest and a smaller micropylar one.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 20’ N.
Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Open situations and in Rhododendron
forest. Shrub of 15-20 ft. Flowers fleshy, pale yellow flushed
rose towards base. G. Forrest. No. 15,857. July 1917.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N.
Alt. 11,000 ft. In open thickets. Shrub of 6-10 ft. Flowers
. pale yellow with crimson at base. G. Forrest. No. 15,898.
June 1917.

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.} Duplicate in fruit.
Oct. 1917. G. Forrest. No. 15,982.

N.E. Upper Burma. Hpimaw Pass. Alt. 9500-10,500 ft.
Low many-branched red-barked tree with thick trusses of dead
creamy-white flowers without scent. Just coming out April 20.
One of the prevailing rhododendrons as you near the Pass.
R. Farrer. No. 863. April 20, 1910.

N.E. Upper Burma. Ridge along Laktang (Kang Fang route).
Alt. gooo-11,000 ft. The commonest rhododendron between go00
and 11,000 ft. Gnarled much-branched tree up to 20 or 25 ft.
high, or bushy shrub of ro-15 ft. at 10,000 ft. or higher. Bark
red, hanging in flakes. Flowers pale cream with small purple
blotch at base of corolla which is almost regular. The flower is
very like No. 3061 [Rh. sidereum], but not so yellow. The leaves
are quite different, being rusty red underneath with thick indu-
mentum. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 3101. May 27, 1919.

A fine species of the Falconeri series allied to Rh. Falconeri,
Hook. f. It is the nearest approach to Rh. Falconeri amongst
the Chinese species, but is altogether a smaller plant than the
Himalayan species. It differs in one conspicuous character—it
has no glands on the ovary or style. These glands are most
characteristic of Rh. Falconeri and its ally Rh. eximium, Nutt.
In the latter they form the only cover to the ovary in Rh.
Falconert, they are always intermixed with stalked branched

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 93

hairs which in the type are so numerous and have such curled
interlocking branches that the presence of glands is concealed
and this probably accounts for the omission of reference to
glands in the descriptions of Rh. Falconert. In some forms of
what is called Rh. Falconeri these hairs are comparatively few
but I have not seen a specimen from which the hairs were entirely
absent nor have I seen one from which the glands were absent.
There is, however, more than one plant included in the RA.
Falconert of Herbaria and probably also of gardens and investi-
gation of the species is much needed. There is no trace in Rh.
artzelum of the bearding on the petiole which marks RA. eximium.

The cup hairs of the indumentum are here much shorter
than those of Rh. Falconeri and Rh. eximium, but have the stiff
branched habit which is so conspicuous in these, and they can
be separated from one another without difficulty.

Rhododendron australe, Balf. f. et Forrest.* (Ovatum.)

A slender-branched twiggy shrub as much as 2.5 m. high.
Branches a year old about 1.5 mm. in diameter pale green
densely pubescent with the curved simple (fish-hook) hairs of
the Ovatum series also glandular with long stoutly stalked
ovoid glands sprinkled amongst the hairs, the indumentum
persisting more or less until decortication after three years or
so. Annual growths usually about 5 cm. long with the foliage-
leaves more or less clustered at the top and as they persist for
about 3 years they form false whorls on the stems demarcating
the successive annual growths. Mature foliage-buds unknown.
Leaves petiolate as much as 9.5 cm. long sometimes the lower
ones on the twig distant from the apical clustered ones ;
lamina papery about 7.5 cm. long and 3 cm. broad oblong or
oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oval, apex acuminate and tapered

* Rhododendron australe, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex ad 2.5 m. altus. R
pie annotini circ. 1.5 mm. diam, pubescentes glandulosi. Folia petiolata ad

. longa saltem triennia ; lamina tenuis papyracea oblonga vel oblongo-
mais vel oblongo-ovalis ad 7.5 cm. longa 3 cm. lata sursum in mucronem

obtusa; supra nitens olivacea, subtus pallidior ; utrinque costa media Pilis

singulatim dispositi, quisque bracteatus bracteis sub anthesi ‘ persistentibus
amplexicaulibus ; pedicelli circ. 1.5 cm. longi puberuli et glandulosi Calyx sub-
foliaceus circ. 7 mm. longus 5-fissus; cupula extus puberula et giandaless: lobi
ovati vel subelliptici apice rotundati extus glabri glanduloso-fimbriati eciliati.
Corolla rosea sparsim macu ula ta a aperte cupularis circ. 3.3 cm. 8 ie extus glabra

quantia; filamenta page longis haud vesiculosis puberula. Discus —
Gynaeceum circ. 3.5 cm. longum corollam superans ; ovarium circ. 3 mm. longum
petasiforme ct cg stylus glaber.

94 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

into a prominent hydathodal mucro 1 mm. long tuberculate
at top, margin very finely cartilaginous flat obscurely undulate
and marked by the red scars of fallen glands, base broadly
obtuse, last leaves of the shoot around the terminal bud
much smaller often elliptic with lamina 1.5 cm. long I cm.
broad ; upper surface bright olive-green glossy, midrib elevated
in a groove and puberulous with curved hairs, surface other-
wise glabrous, primary veins 10-12 on each side and with the
secondary veins forming a prominent network (in dry leaf)
the ultimate veinlets very small and forming a reddish network
with very small meshes; under surface much paler opaque
smooth, midrib slightly pink-tinted elevated and more or less
puberulous surface otherwise glabrous, primary veins pink-
tinted conspicuous as are some of the secondary veins ; on both
sides faintly punctulate with bases of fallen glands ; petiole
pale green about 2 cm. long densely puberulous and glandular
like stem. Inflorescence composed of 1-flowered axillary umbels
fasciculate at the end of the twigs usually 4 in each fascicle,
no terminal umbel; each member of the fascicle encircled at
base by persistent crustaceous buff-coloured bracts; inflorescence-
bud ovoid; outer bracts very small rounded or half-moon-
shaped, inner bracts ovate or rounded-ovate cucullate puberulous
outside and gland-fringed, the innermost bracts grasping the
pedicel; pedicel about 1.5 cm. long pubescent and glandular
with curled hairs and ovoid red long-stalked glands. Calyx
somewhat foliaceous 7 mm. long cut to near base into 5 lobes ;
cup puberulous and glandular outside, puberulous inside only
at the base ; lobes large membranous ovate or somewhat elliptic
rounded or obtuse 5 mm. broad venation flabelliform glabrous on
the back and inside, densely fringed with red or orange-coloured
glands not hair-ciliate. Corolla about 3.3 cm. long openly cam-
panulate or bowl-shaped deep rose with a few inconspicuous
crimson spots on posterior petal, somewhat thin glabrous outside,
puberulous at base inside, 5-lobed; lobes somewhat unequal
(antero-lateral larger) somewhat elliptic or oval about 2 cm. long
and 1.8 cm. broad emarginate crenulate. Stamens 5 unequal,
longest about 3.2 cm. long with anther 4 mm. long, about
equalling the corolla, shortest about 2.2 cm. long with anther
3 mm. long; filaments orange-coloured slightly broadened
downwards, from the base to near the middle villous with long
thin pointed hairs eglandular. Disk puberulous below ovary.
Gynaeceum about 3.5 cm. long exceeding corolla and stamens ;
ovary about 3 mm. long somewhat dome-shaped dark-coloured
slightly grooved and truncate glandular on the ridges and at
apex, less so in the grooves ; style orange-red glabrous slightly
expanded under the lobulate stigma.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 95

W. Yunnan. Type from Tengyueh. G. Forrest. [Without
number. |

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N.
Alt. 10,000 ft. In open ea Shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers
deep rose. G. Forrest. No. 15,673. June 1917.

A species of the Ovatum series representing in the southern
area of Western Yunnan Rh. leptothrium, Balf. f. et Forrest, of
the northern area (Li-ti-ping and the Mekong-Yangtze divide),
from which it is easily separated by its brighter green foliage, the
leaves as a rule tapered into the long mucro not emarginate
or truncate below it with a much closer ultimate reticulation
of the veins, larger flowers, lobes of the calyx gland-fringed not
hair-ciliate.

wrt Rhododendron chaetomallum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.; (Haema-
todes.)

Shrub as much as 1.5 m. high with thin straight divergent
twiggy beens those a year old about 2 mm. in diameter
bearing rosettes of 4-6 leaves at the end, the last leaves of a
year usually very small and ensheathing the terminal bud,
leaves persisting often for two years. Branches of the year
reddened densely clad with a bistrate indumentum, the upper
stratum of long wavy intermingling bristle-hairs reddened below
sometimes unbranched but usually ending in a tuft of short
pointed branches the under stratum of white flocks of shortly
branching intricately interwoven hairs, indumentum more or
less detersile in the reddened twigs a year old but vestiges remain
on the grey older parts of the branches until decortication,
nodular swellings at end of each season’s growth which average
about 5 cm. in length. Terminal foliage-buds ovoid pointed
enclosed by the last foliage-leaves of the year which have long
convolute vaginal petioles and much reduced lamina the whole

* yaitn, loose flowing hair; wa//Adc, fleece—in allusion to the indumentum.

+ Rhododendron chaetomallum, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex ad 1.5 m. altus.

mi tenues stricti indumento bistrato setarum rubrarum et pilorum floccosorum
obtecti. Alabastrorum timae longe caudatae mox deciduae. Folia
petiolata ad 9.5 cm. lo na coriacea obovata vel oblongo-obovata ad 9 cm

P ;
fulvo-cinnamomea indumento bistrato tomentoso demum _ subagglutinato
vestita ; petiolus circ. 5 mm. longus setulosus et floccosus. Umbella 4—6-flora

pedicelli circ. 1.5 cm. longi setulosi cme ee Calyx ruber ad 3 mm. longus
cupularis ; cupula glabra ;. Ob 5 undati fleccoso-ciliati decidui. Corolla
chee See ee circ. 4 cm. ee poericearit glabra 5-lobata ; lobi lati

margina Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla breviora, ima gynaeceo
sendieek Raeeaes glabra. Discus glaber. Gynaeceum corolla multo brevius
circ. 2.3 cm. longum; ovarium petasiforme circ. 3 mm. longum dense flavo-
tomentosum; stylus glaber. Capsula recta circ. 1.5 cm. longa 7 mm. diam.
dense tomentosa valvis 5—10 dehiscens.

96 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

showing transition to scale-leaves, scale-leaves falling as bud
expands ; outer scale-leaves as much as 1.5 cm. long, longer
than the body of the bud, woody with short broad base tapering
upwards into a long keeled tail ending in a red apicular tip its
margins recurving grey outside with an indumentum of intri-
cately woven branching hairs; intermediate scale-leaves oval
oblong apiculate clad like the outer; innermost scale-leaves mem-
branous yellowish or yellow-green carried up on the elongating
shoot as much as 4 cm. long spathulate and tapering into a long
apiculus, pubescent on back with interlocking floccose hairs
and flock-fringed, hairs densely clustered round the tapering
point ; young leaves revolute in bud with a white sparse indu-
mentum of rosette long-branched hairs on upper surface, below
densely tomentose white. Leaves petiolate as much as 9.5 cm.
long; lamina leathery obovate or oblong-obovate as much as
g cm. long 4 cm. broad apex rounded or even subtruncate with
a short apiculus and red tuberculate mucro, margin cartilaginous
entire, base obtuse and more or less decurrent on petiole ; upper
surface dark olive-green mat shagreened sprinkled with vestiges
of juvenile rosette flocks, midrib grooved lined by flock-hairs,
primary veins 10-12 on each side slightly grooved; under
surface dark tawny clad everywhere with a bistrate persistent
indumentum, the hairs of upper stratum with long zigzag many-
celled stems much branched the branches interweaving and
ultimately becoming slightly agglutinate so that the leaf-surface
does not appear woolly and honeycombed but somewhat smooth,
often in older leaves cracking slightly, under stratum of rosette-
_ hairs with hardly any stalk the few branches of each rosette
long twisted pointed, midrib raised slightly reddened covered
by the indumentum, primary veins hardly showing; petiole
about 5 mm. long grooved above clad with an indumentum like
the stem. Flowers in 4-6-flowered terminal umbels; outer
bracts like the outer scale-leaves of foliage-bud and of like size
followed by oblong broad crustaceous bracts with cucullate upper
half thinner on the margin, innermost fertile bracts yellow silky
obovate nearly 2 cm. long’; bracteoles thin linear and spathu-
late about 1 cm. long shorter than pedicel densely pilose from
base ; pedicel about 1.5 cm. long densely clad with long bristle-
hairs branched at the tip eglandular hardly expanded below
the calyx. Calyx red somewhat fleshy about 3 mm. long cup-
shaped glabrous on back cut to about half its length into 5
rounded or pointed flock-fringed lobes ultimately splitting down
interpretative lines and falling off from base of cup. Corolla
deep crimson tubular-campanulate about 4 cm. long glabrous
inside and outside 5-lobed ; tube slightly fleshy at base and there
slightly gibbous and retuse ; lobes rounded broad about 1.5 cm.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 97

long 2.2 cm. broad emarginate. Stamens 10 much shorter than
corolla, unequal longest about 2.6 cm. long, shortest about 1.6°
cm. long ; filaments white glabrous dilated downwards ; anthers
dark crimson. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum shorter than longest
stamens about 2.3 cm. long ; ovary dome-shaped broad truncate
deeply grooved about 3 mm. long densely clad with a yellow
tomentum composed of long fasciate firm hairs ; style stout
glabrous expanded below the discoid lobulate pale stigma where
it forms a lip. Capsule straight about 1.5 cm. long 7 mm. in
diameter densely brown-woolly dehiscing from apex to base by
5-10 woody valves, style often persisting.

S.E. Tibet. On Doker-la, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28°25’
N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Open bouldery slopes. Shrub of 3-4 ft.
Flowers deep crimson. G. Forrest. No. 16,691. July 1918.

S.E. Tibet. Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28°
35’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Open situations amongst rocks. Shrub
of 4-5 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 14,987. Oct. 1917.

Western N.W. Yunnan. At Na-ki-lu, Mekong-Salween
divide. Lat. 27° 50’ N. Alt. 1r1,000-12,000 ft. In open
thickets and on boulder-strewn slopes. Shrub of 4ft. Flowers ?
probably deep crimson. G. Forrest. No. 17,329. Oct. 1918.

Western N.W. Yunnan. On the Si-la Pass, Mekong-Salween
divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Shrub of 2-4 ft.
Duplicate in fruit. G. Forrest. No. 17,330. Oct. 1918.

In Rh. chaetomallum we have a member of the Haematodes
* series from far N.W. Yunnan and S.E. Tibet, representing there
Rh. haematodes, Franch. which is a plant of the Tali Range
and Rh. aemulorum, Balf. f. which is a southern representative
of the series on the Shweli-Salween divide and in N.E. Upper
Burma. From both of these the setulose indumentum on the stem
and leaf-petioles give a distinction. In general habit of growth
Rh. chaetomallum recalls the type—developed so markedly in the
Tsarong—which is seen in Rh. eudoxum, Balf. f. et Forrest
and its allies and in Rh. sanguineum, Franch. and its allies.
But here the indumentum has evolved as a thick somewhat
loose tomentum over the under surface of leaf in contrast with
the thin detersile form it assumes in the Rh. eudoxum phylum
and the agglutinate pellicle-like condition in which it appears
in the Rh. sanguineum phylum. The linking of all these forms
will be an interesting task for those who deal with Rhododendrons
some years hence, when the species in the centre of distribution
of the genus have been discovered and identified.

Rh. chaetomallum is one of the species of Rhododendron in
which mycophyllon appears.* Some of the leaves have quite
a blackened under surface through the development of fungus.

* See Notes R.B.G. Edin., xii (1919), 145.

98 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.
uQoX Rhododendron chloranthum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ (Tricho-
cladum.)

Deciduous-leaved shrub about 1 m. high with slender some-
what twiggy branches and leaves deciduous after one season,
the flowers appearing annually slightly before the leaves.
Branches of the year green barely I mm. in diameter densely
clad with long undulate setae covering a few distant whitish or
yellowish peltate scales, the one-year-old whitish-grey branches
more sparingly setose and often glabrescent, older branches dark
grey and with vestiges of the setae and scales. Foliage-buds
fusiform scale-leaves all deciduous as bud opens; outermost
scale-leaves crustaceous bright brown rounded glabrous outside
and finely and shortly ciliate above, followed by oblong-oval
ones of like character, innermost scale-leaves somewhat mem-
branous paler or somewhat greenish-yellow narrowly oblong-
oval about 1.2 cm. long 3 mm. broad densely lepidote along the
middle outside sparingly ciliate on margin below densely so over
the rounded tip and around the red mucro ; young leaves con-
duplicate-convolute glabrous above, lepidote and setulose below,
setulose-ciliate ; foliage-buds in axil of one or two last leaves
of flower-shoot, which are set close below the flower-bud, not
developing and thus is left a short gap between the inflorescence
and elongating lateral foliage-shoots below it. Leaves (not quite
mature) petiolate as much as 4.3 cm. long; lamina thin papery
oval or oboval as much as 3.8 cm. long 2 cm. broad, apex rounded
often somewhat retuse at point of origin of short mucro, margin
plane red setulose-ciliate, base broadly obtuse or rounded ; upper

* ‘yhooss, green-yellow—in allusion to the flower-colour.

+ Rhododendron chlovanthum, Balf. i. et Forrest.—Frutex circ. 1 m. altus

atroviridi berrima costa media et venis primariis rubris subelevatis ; “ subtus
pallidior plus minusve setulosa discontigue lepidota squamulis inter se I mm,
distantibus ; petiolus ruber circ. 5 mm. longus. Flores in racemo-umbellam

brevem 4—5- florain dispositi, rhachi pubescente lepidota ; ge aan mox deciduae
interiores extus puberulae et lepidotae ; bracteolae lineares apicem versus lepi-
dotae et setulosae ; pedicelli ad 2.5 cm. longi sparsim lepidoti et setulosi. Calyx
5-lobi ; lobi rotundati vel semilunati inaequales ad 2 mm. longi sparsim lepidoti
esetulosi. Corolla flavido-viridis maculata a basi campanulata vix 2 cm. longa
extus lepidota epilosa intus puberula ; lobi 5 rotundati circ. 6 mm. longi I cm
lati integri. Stamina 1o inaequalia corollam subaequantia ; suueatar a
Discus glaber. Gynaeceum staminibus longioribus brevius; ovariu.

. longu iforme truncatum sparse lepidotum ; stylus validus dottiuasiis
ovario longior glaber ad apicem clavatus ; stigma lobulatum

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 99

surface dark blackish-green mat glabrous, midrib and primary
veins (about Io on each side) raised red; under surface paler
grey-green lepidote with small distant peltate raised unequal
scales with thick umbo and hardly any fringe 1 or 2 scales in a
sq. mm. also setulose more or less usually more densely so along
raised red midrib and primary veins very densely towards base ;
petiole red about 5 mm. long densely setulose. Inflorescence
a 4~5-flowered terminal shortly racemose umbel, rhachis whitely
pubescent and lepidote ; inflorescence-bud globose ; bracts and
bracteoles deciduous as bud opens, outer bracts brown coriaceous
ovate pointed glabrous, inner bracts coriaceous rounded con-
volute densely lepidote and puberulous outside 1.3 cm. lon
bracteoles linear about 1.3 cm. long shortly pilose below setulose
towards base and lepidote towards apex; pedicels varying in
length as flowers open successively at most 2.5 cm. long stiff
stoutish dark green becoming dark purple very sparingly lepi-
dote and setulose sometimes glabrescent swollen below the calyx.
and there very dark-coloured. Calyx small at most 2 mm
long usually less with 5 unequal membranous lobes rounded
or semilunate sparingly lepidote outside or with a scale-fringe
or glabrous, occasionally some minute marginal cilia. Corolla
light yellow tinged green at base, spotted green posteriorly,
campanulate from base barely 2 cm. long lepidote and epilose,
outside puberulous, inside at base expanding into a spreading
5-lobed limb; lobes rounded entire about 6 mm. long I cm,
broad. Stamens 10 unequal, longest about equalling corolla,
shortest about 7 mm. long; filaments stout greenish-yellow,
glabrous at base often over 3 mm. in posterior stamens
which are densely villous within corolla-tube the hairs stout
long vesicular white, over about I mm. in others which have
shorter and fewer hairs; anthers ochre-coloured about 2 mm.
long. Disk glabrous, Gynaeceum shorter than corolla and
longest stamens about I cm. long; ovary about 4 mm. long
dome-shaped truncate shallowly grooved sparingly lepidote ;
style stout glabrous deflexed broadly expanded at top below
the lobulate stigma. Capsule short straight about 5 mm. long
dehiscing from apex by 5 valves.

Yunnan. Li-ti-ping. Lat. 27° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000
ft. Open situations amongst scrub. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers
more or less precocious, light yellow tinged green at base. G.
Forrest. No. 13,900. June 1917.

One of the Trichocladum series. Its nearest ally is Rh.
melinanthum, Balf. f. et Ward, from which it may at once be
distinguished by the underleaf indumentum. In Rh. chlor-
anthum the scales are distant seldom more than I mm., whilst
in Rh. melinanthum they are much closer, some 4 to 5 in each

san?

100 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

squaremm. Then in the former the style is shorter not longer
than the longest stamens. From Rh. trichocladum, Franch. itself
the calyx without bristles separates it. From Rh. xanthinum,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. the absence of hairs on outside of corolla
is a diagnostic mark.

Rhododendron coryphaeum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. (Grande.)

Robust shrub with thick branches, those a year old about
I cm. in diameter coated with a whitish crustaceous indumentum
of cobwebbed more or less agglutinate hairs traces of which
remain on the older stems. Foliage-bud unknown. Leaves
epetiolate as much as 25 cm. long thickly leathery broadly
oblanceolate or narrowly oblong-obovate broadest at the apex
and there as much as 9 cm. broad then tapered gradually to
the base, apex rounded or subtruncate sometimes slightly retuse,
mucronate the mucro rounded tuberculate very short sometimes
turned downwards, margin broadly cartilaginous slightly re-
curved, at the base the lamina is prolonged downwards to point
of insertion of leaf where it may be nearly 2 cm. broad the basal
portion simulating a winged petiole; upper surface mat green
somewhat rugulose shagreened glabrous, the midrib grooved
and lined with vestiges of a juvenile hair-indumentum at the
base passing into a broad ungrooved wrinkled ridge recalling
e surface of a petiole, primary veins some 14-16 on each side
emerging from midrib at an acute angle and sharply ascending
slightly grooved ; under surface white or grey-white covered bya
thin indumentum of long branching intricately interwoven hairs
* xoovgaioc, leading—in allusion to its size
{| Rhododendron coryphaeum, Balf. f. et ‘Forrest t.—Frutex robustus ramis
crassis indumento sordide albido crustaceo plus minusve indutis. Folia ad 25

s n s'

positi, rhachi brevi vix 2 cm. longa; bracteae exteriores steriles rotundatae
viscidae, intimae fertiles oblongo-spathulatae extus intusque sericeae ;

bracteolae breves circ. 5 mm. longae pilosae; icelli circ. 2 cm. longi indumento

. Semina brunnea complanata anguste arillata et crista membranacea
chalazali notata.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. IOL

and rosulate hairs with broad branches, the whole forming an
agglutinate crustaceous persistent smooth somewhat glossy layer,
midrib very prominent brownish or blackish-purple glabrescent,
primary veins very prominent ribs more or less glabrescent.
Inflorescence a compact racemose umbel of some 15 flowers with
a short rhachis barely 2 cm. long clad with thin pellicle of indu-
mentum ; inflorescence-bud globose; outer sterile bracts rotun-
date to ovate thick coriaceous with thinner margins mucronate
viscid, inner fertile bracts oblong spathulate or obovate-spathulate
or spathulate about 3 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad sericeous inside
and outside ; bracteoles short linear about 5 mm. long or a little
more pilose and hair-crested ; pedicels short about 2 cm. long
enwrapped in a thin indumentum of long branched somewhat
agglutinate hairs slightly expanded under the calyx and oblique
to the flower. Calyx minute clad like the pedicel very shortly
toothed. Corolla campanulate oblique with a small red basal
blotch and a few spots posteriorly, about 4.5 cm. long on pos-
terior side, glabrous inside and outside hardly gibbous at the
base 8-lobed ; lobes imbricate about I cm. long 1.5 cm. broad
emarginate. Stamens 16 unequal shorter than corolla and
gynaeceum, longest about 3.5 cm. long shortest about 2.5 cm. ;
filaments glabrous; anthers oblong about 3 mm. long. Disk
glabrous. Gynaeceum a little shorter than corolla; ovary
oblong-ovoid truncate 1o-locular grooved densely clad with a
pink tomentum of fasciate hairs with stout long stalks and
erect branches ; style glabrous stout slightly club-shaped below
the discoid broad lobulate stigma. Capsule curved as much as
4 cm. long over I cm. in diameter more or less tomentose with
orange-coloured fasciate hairs with stout stalks and short erect
branches. Seeds flat brown about 2.5 mm. long I mm. across
with a narrow lateral aril-wing, a large chalazal membranous
crest, and trace of a funicular fringe.

Western N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28°
12’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Duplicate of 1917. G. Forrest.
No. 16,561. June 1918.

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.] Duplicate of F. No.
In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 17,420. Oct. 1918.

Plant of the Grande series, a near ally of Rh. praestans,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. It is a smaller-leaved species with the
primary veins coming off and ascending at about half a right
angle from the midrib, and the indumentum is almost persistently
grey in tint. The flowers of its compact trusses have much
shorter pedicels and the ovary is consistently 10o-chambered in
contrast to the 8-chambered ovary of Rh. praestans. As in
Rh. praestans the leaves can hardly be described as petiolate.
The lamina extends right to the point of insertion of the leaf.

102 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

ya Rhododendron cymbomorphum,* Balf.f.et Forrest.= (Souliei.)

Virgate shrub as much as 2.5 m. high. Branches slender
straight when a year old about 2 mm. in diameter. Young
branches dark purple glandular the glands en ovoid
red, persisting (their bases only) as small reddish warts on the
older pale buff-coloured twigs. Foliage-buds elongated narrow
Paton pointed ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous rounded often
split at apex sometimes with a short point, epilose outside or
with a few greasy hairs, margin sparsely ciliate with greasy hairs
more at the top, followed by more oblong blunt scale-leaves ;
innermost scale-leaves carried up on elongating axis nearly oblong
or oblanceolate or lanceolate as much as 4 cm. long 6 mm
broad at middle, acute or acuminate narrowed downwards into
a distinct petiole, red-glandular at base outside over petiole and
along midrib, finely sparingly ciliate; young leaves revolute
in bud glabrous above, below densely clad with short erect
unbranched greasy orange or white hairs, petiole glandular.
Leaves petiolate as much as 11.5 cm. long 4—5 produced each
year towards end of twig sometimes one or two lower down not
persisting over second year ; lamina thin of parchment consist-
ence oblong-oval or oblong as much as 9g cm. long 4 cm. broad,
broadly obtuse at apex ending in a shortly beaked tuberculate
red mucro, margin flat narrowly cartilaginous and _ slightly
pink-tinted, base truncate or rounded or subcordulate ; upper
surface olive-green mat finely shagreened glabrous, midrib
grooved glabrous, primary veins some I2-15 on each side;
under surface paler grey-green clad all over with vestiges of
short greasy juvenile hairs often orange-coloured, midrib raised
pink glabrous, primary veins and ultimate venation submerged

* x0uBoc, cup—in allusion to form of coro

} Rhododendron cymbomorphum, Balf. f. et oerest: —Frutex ad 2.5 m. altus.
Rami tenues stricti (annotini circ. 2 mm. diam.), juveniles port 5 RS
vetustiores pallide fulvi glanduloso-punctulati. Alabastra fusiformia; perulae
extimae crustaceae extus epilosae margine im sebaceo-ciliatae ; intim
oblongo-lanceolatae vel oblanceolatae nein! acutae basi rubro-glandulosae
Fo longa petiolata ; | chartacea oblongo-ovalis vel oblonga

patentes glandulosi sub calyce expansi. Calyx 5-lobus extus glandulosus ; lobi
oblongi apice rotundati. Corolla alba vel flava emaculata aperte cupulari-
campanulata circ. 4 cm. longa utrinque glabra 5-loba; lobi lati circ. 2 cm. longi

filamenta ea eo Discus glaber. Gynaeceum corolla paullo brevius ;
Ovarium circ. mm. longum conoideum sulcatum truncatum dense rubro-
glandulosum ; vate ad medium pce rubris aurantiaco-stipitatis vestitus.

yan

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 103

showing as a very fine much-branched reddish reticulum ;
petiole as much as 2.5 cm. long red grooved above, glabrous but
with vestiges of the juvenile red glands. Flowers in a terminal
4~7-flowered umbel or shortly racemose umbel, the rhachis red-
glandular; bracts unknown; bracteoles shorter than pedicels
about 8 mm. long linear slightly clavate at top pilose throughout
not markedly hair-crested ; pedicels 2.5-3.5 cm. long expanded
beneath the calyx spreading purple sparingly glandular with
ovoid stalked red glands. Calyx conspicuous about 4 mm. long
with a cup about I mm. sparingly glandular outside, 5-lobed ;
lobes yellowish oblong rounded at top about 3 mm. long sprinkled
with glands. Corolla yellow without spots or blotch openly eup-
shaped or widely campanulate from the base 4 cm. or a little
more long, longer than stamens and gynaeceum, glabrous outside
and inside, 5-lobed; lobes broad nearly orbicular about 2 cm.
long 2.5 cm. broad emarginate. Stamens Io unequal all shorter
than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 2.5 cm. long, shortest
about 1-5 cm. ; filaments slightly expanded downwards obscurely
puberulous above the base the hairs often mere vesicular papillae.
Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum shorter than corolla longer than
stamens about 3.5 cm. long or a little more; ovary conoid
grooved truncate 3.5 mm. long densely red-glandular, the stalks
of the glands yellow ; style glandular with long yellow-stalked
glands to about its middle, slightly expanded below the lobulate
dark-coloured stigma.

N.W. Yunnan. Onthe Bei-ma-Shan. Lat.28°12’N. Alt.
I1,000-12,000 ft. Shady pine forests and amongst scrub.
Shrub of 4-8 ft. Flowers yellow without markings. G. Forrest.
No. 13,939. June 1917.

One of the Souliei series, with markedly oblong leaves and
glandular petioles and stems and bearing yellow flowers with
yellowish calyx-lobes, puberulous stamens, and style glandular
to the middle. In this corolla it approaches Rh. Wardii, W. W.
Sm. and Rh. croceum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., but the colour is
not so intense and the flowers are smaller. Rh. panteumorphum,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. of the Selense series, is not unlike our
plant, and has also yellow flowers, but it has a glabrous style.
Forrest has collected quite a number of forms of the Souliei
and Selense series showing that the type which includes many
good garden plants is widespread in N.W. Yunnan.

Rhododendron dendritrichum, Balf. f. et Forrest.*
Shrub as much as 4.5 m. high with stout branches. Branches
a year old about 4 mm. in diameter ash-grey through a close

* Rhododendron dendritrichum, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex ad 4.5 m. altus
ramis crassis. Ramuli annotini circ. 4 mm. diam. indumento griseo subaggluti-

104 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

coating of indumentum composed of closely interwoven branched
stalked hairs ena are more or less agglutinate and persist
more or less until decortication. Foliage-buds unknown.
Leaves an phere petiolate deflexed at flowering as much as 18.5
cm. long ; lamina leathery oblanceolate as much as 16.5 cm. long
4.5 cm. broad, apex somewhat beaked with a short apiculus
often curved and ending in a small red hydathodal mucro,
margin cartilaginous obscurely undulate and distantly faintly
notched, tapered to the cuneate base; upper surface opaque
olive-green minutely shagreened glabrous, midrib and rest of
venation dark red, midrib deeply and narrowly grooved, primar

veins 20 or more on each side slightly grooved ; under surface
at first a true buff-colour afterwards paling covered all over in-
cluding the raised midrib by a woolly persistent indumentum
with a slightly honeycombed surface and composed of an under-
stratum of hardly stalked rosette-hairs with many short thin
vesicular branches and an upper luxuriant stratum of remarkable
tree-like hairs with a thick many-celled trunk and abundant
recurving long cylindric pointed branches from its base upwards
which curl and take on a tendrillar form at their ends and so
interlock ; petiole stout about 2 cm. long clad like the young
stem. Flowers in a terminal very shortly racemose umbel of
15 or more flowers, rhachis barely 1 cm. long glabrous or with a
sprinkling of short floccose hairs ; bracts falling early unknown ;
bracteoles filiform much shorter than pedicels about I cm. lon

pilose throughout and with a white hair-crest ; pedicels strict
slender erect crowded 2-2.5 cm. long sparingly floccose expande

and slightly oblique under the flower. Calyx very small not
i mm. long dark crimson fleshy glabrous with an undulate
somewhat paler erose margin showing 5 minute teeth. Corolla
oblique on the pedicel in the lateral flowers of the truss, funnel-
shaped-campanulate from the base about 3.5 cm. long white
faintly flushed rose with deep crimson basal posterior blotch
nato plus minusve persistente vestiti. Folia triennia petiolata ad 18.5 cm. longa ;
lamina coriacea oblanceolata ad 16.5 cm. longa 4.5 cm. lata, apice subrostrata,

gerne tenues oes epeenn floccosi sub calyce expansi. Calyx parvus vix
eroso-undulatus obscure 5-dentatus.
Corolla alba maculata et. varo coccineo basali notata infun dibulari-campanulata
. 3.5 cm. longa glabra 5-loba; lobi rotundati emarginati. mina 10 inae-
ais corolla gynaeceoque breviora; filamenta ia asa igerege puberula.
i Gynaeceum circ. 3 cm. longum; um elongatum tenue
cylindricum ieancatees circ. 6.5 mm. longum pre lg ; eit validus glaber
superans

stamina s

ual

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 105

and a few oblong spots above it glabrous outside and inside,
slightly pouched at base expanding into an open 5-lobed
limb ; lobes rounded emarginate about 7 mm. long and 1.4 cm.
broad. Stamens ro unequal all shorter than corolla and gynae-
ceum, longest about 2.8 cm. long with anther 2.5 mm. long,
shortest about 1.8 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments
broad minutely puberulous at base the hairs no more than vesi-
cular spheres. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long a
little shorter than corolla and longer than stamens ; ovary long
thin cylindric about 6.5 mm. long slightly grooved truncate
glabrous; style glabrous stout expanding below the discoid
lobulate stigma to which it supplies an encircling lip.

West N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28°
12’N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. In pine and rhododendron forest.
Shrub of 10-15 ft. Flowers white faintly flushed rose, with
crimson markings and a blotch of same shade at base. G.
Forrest. No. 16,366. March 1918.

A species of the group of large-leaved Rhododendrons with
woolly persistent indumentum in which the calyx is very small,
the corolla more or less funnel-shaped with a basal blotch and
spots and the ovary and style glabrous. It is distinguished by
the branched tree-like form of the hairs of the indumentum with
the branches curled and tendril-like forming a slightly honey-
combed undersurface to the leaf.

Rhododendron eclecteum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ (Thomsoni.)

Shrub as much as 2.5 m. high with stout straight branches.
Branches of the year stiff purple with a glaucous bloom and
glandular, the glands red ovoid on conspicuous stalks, 2.3 mm.
in diameter, year old branches as much as 6 mm. in diameter
yellowish becoming ash-grey punctulate with the bases of fallen
glands. Foliage-buds are nest buds red ovoid short pointed ;

* éxjextéoc, to be chosen out—as a plant worthy of cultivation.

+ Rhododendron eclecteum, Balf. f. et Forrest -—Frutex ad 2.5 m.altus. Rami
hornotini stricti glauco-purpurei glandulosi, annotini ad 6 mm. diam. punctulati,

petiolata

mucronata, margine late cartilaginea saepe purpurea, basi cordulata; supra
grisea cerae pellicula vestita ; subtus subfulva glaberrima costa media venisque
primariis plus minusve rubidis; petiolus ad 2 cm. longus ruber glaberrimus.
Flores in racemo-umbellam circ. 12-floram dispositi, rhachi glauco-purpurea

d x cm. longus cupularis ultra medium eg extus glaber; lobi ovati vel

1 cm. longi 2 cm i tamina corolla breviora; filamenta glabra. Discus
glaber. Gynaeceum corollam subaequans; ovarium ovoideum truncatum sul-
tum dense glandulosum ; stylus r. Capsula cylindrica circ. 2 c

7 mm. diam. glandulosa. Semina pallida elongata circ. 3 mm. longa .5 mm. lata.

106 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

several outer perulae half foliar with a broad red vaginal portion
and upper green lamina gradually becoming more scale-like and
acuminate ; intermediate broadly rounded firm red mucronulate
quite glabrous ; innermost thinner and glutinous with colleters
on back cemented to form the chamber for the foliage-leaves,
on expansion submembranous carried up on the elongating
shoot red foliaceous about 2.5 cm. long 6 mm. broad with an
ovoid limb tapering upwards into a long acuminate point ending
in a red hydathode and downwards into a broad petiole a
little shorter than the limb; young leaves dark purple with
red venation revolute glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, at
maturity as much as 16.5 cm. long but often less sometimes only
about one-third that length ; lamina thickly leathery obovate
typically with the outline of a jargonelle pear, the shorter leaves
sometimes only oblong as much as 14.5 cm. long 6 cm. broad,
apex rounded often truncate and retuse in the middle with a
stout tuberculate red mucro, margin broadly cartilaginous entire,
often purple-red, base cordulate; upper surface coated with a
grey thin pellicle of wax (soluble in benzole) covering a bright
green or purple reddish foveolate surface, midrib and primary
veins (about 15 on each side very regular and ascending) slightly
grooved under the wax-pellicle; under surface in the leaves
with green upper surface tawny green, in leaves with red upper
surface tawny, elevated midrib and primary veins (not raised)
red tinted the whole surface most glabrous and smooth but in
dry state ultimate venation sometimes appearing as a slightly
raised reticulum ; petiole broad red and glaucous as much as
2 cm. long usually less, grooved without hairs or glands. Flowers
in a terminal many-flowered shortly racemose umbel, as many as
12 flowers in the umbel, rhachis dark purple glabrous as much as
1.5 cm. long; bracts and bracteoles unknown ; pedicels stout
about 2 cm. long dark red-purple glaucous glabrous expanding
into the cup of the calyx. Calyx cupular-campanulate about
1 cm. long 5-lobed; cup somewhat fleshy glabrous 2-3 mm.
long ; lobes subcrustaceous ovate or oblong-oval with rounded
tip striate and glabrous persistent and enlarging around fruit.
Corolla tubular-campanulate faintly spotted posteriorly and with
a median basal blotch about 4.5 cm. long somewhat fleshy ; tube
in narrow lower part one half length of corolla retuse and
5-pouched at base with darker blotch in each pouch, glabrous
outside and inside, expanding into a broad spreading 5-lobed
limb ; lobes broad rounded emarginate about 1 cm. long 2 cm.
broad. Stamens shorter than corolla and gynaeceum ; filaments
glabrous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about as long as corolla ;
ovary stout ovoid grooved truncate densely glandular with
ovoid red-stalked glands with wax bloom between the glands ;

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 107

style stout glabrous expanding into a conspicuous lip below the
lobulate stigma. Capsule cylindric about 2 cm. long 7 mm. in
diameter shallowly grooved more or less glandular or with traces
of glands sticky more or less enclosed by the enlarged hardened
calyx, dehiscing by 5 valves from the apex style often persistent
after dehiscence. Seeds pale-coloured elongated about 3 mm.
long about .5 mm. in diameter with a chalazal and a funicular
fringed crest.

unnan. [Without precise locality.] | Duplicate in fruit.

3. 6.chibets <tsarong:: On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween
divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In rhododendron
thickets. Shrub of 6-8 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 14,485.
July 1917.

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.| Duplicate in fruit.
G. Forrest. No. 15,298. Nov. 1917.

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.] Duplicate in fruit.
G. Forrest. No. 17,475. Nov. 1918.

A fine species from that home of good things, Ka-gwr-pw.
The plant has more than one special feature of interest.

In the first place, the foliage is noteworthy—thick fleshy
leaves the outline of which is exactly that of a jargonelle pear
and with an ash-grey upper surface which is due to a thin pellicle
of wax covering it everywhere. A little benzole or other solvent
placed on the surface removes the wax and exposes the coloured
leaf-surface beneath, which is also of interest. In most of the
older leaves the surface is green but the veins are more or less
reddened; the young leaves are red all over and this red
colour may be retained more or less in the older leaves and
show on removal of the wax. Another feature of the foliage
deserves notice. The young leaves on the annual shoots elon-
gating after flowering and from below the inflorescence in all the
specimens available for examination produce leaves much smaller
than those on the older branches and more oblong in character.
No one of the lateral twigs on branches now passed into fruit has
leaves of the size and shape of the mature leaves on the flower-
bearing shoots, and we must assume therefore that the growth of
the leaves is much prolonged and that only towards the end of
the season of each annual shoot do its leaves take on their adult
character.

Then in the flower we have to note that the ovary is densely
glandular but the style is wholly glabrous. The plant does not
leave us in doubt about its affinity. It is one of the Thomsoni
series using that term in its widest sense as I explained it in
a previous number of these Notes.* This glandular ovary

* Notes R.B.G. Edin., x (1918), 98.

Hi
\o

108 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

associated with a glabrous style belongs to forms aggregating
around Rh. selense, Franch. in what we have called the Selense
series, but the other characters of our plant are much more
those of Rh. Thomsoni, Hook. f. and its Chinese form RA.
cyanocarpum, Franch. of the Thomsoni series in its restricted
sense. And so Rh. eclecteum may be cited as additional evidence
in support of the view that natural relationships are best ex-
pressed by grouping together in one rather than by segregatirg
into three series the plants which have been placed in the series
Campylocarpum, Selense, and Thomsoni (in limited sense)
respectively. In this connection should be mentioned Kh.
Meddianum, G. Forrest, a new species (see p. 136) from the
Shweli-Salween divide and the nearest ally of Rh. eclecteum. It
is in fact the southern form of the phylum which finds northern
representation in Rh. eclecteum. Rh. Meddianum has the same
type of leaf with ash-grey wax pellicle as occurs in Rh. eclecteum
but it does not produce glandular shoots and its less glandular
character extends to the gynaeceum of which the ovary and style
are alike glabrous. Glands mark the species of the north ;
are absent from the species of the south. The species are separ-
able at sight. And the absence of glands on ovary and style
makes Rh. Meddianum an orderly member of the Thomsoni
series in the limited sense.

Of Rh. eclecteum Forrest did not collect specimens in full
flower so far as his collection shows. He obtained abundant
fruit and seed and we shall have therefore the plant in culti-
vation ere long. The only corollas I have seen are imperfect:
withered ones on No. 15,298 hanging on some flowers beginning
to pass into fruit. The specimen on which these occur is a
small one taken out by Forrest from the mass of specimens
under this number which now lie at the bottom of the sea some-
where between Britain and China having gone down in a
steamer torpedoed during the war. We do not yet know the
flower-colour of the plant. The description I have given is
open therefore to correction and improvement when perfect
flowers are available. Of the distinctness of the species there
is no doubt.

Rhododendron erileucum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.¢ (Triflorum.)
A twiggy shrub as much as 2.7 m. high. Branches of the
year about I mm. in diameter reddened densely lepidote epilose,
a year old as much as 3 mm. with a glaucous bloom from epi-
dermal wax-papillae the peltate scales somewhat wart-like,
* éothevxdc, very white—in allusion to the under-side of the foliage leaves.
+ Rhododendron erileucum, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex ad 2.7 m. altus. Rami
hornotini rubidi dense lepidoti epilosi ceri-glauci, annotini verruculosi. Alabastra
pauca. Folia petiolata ad 7.5 cm. longa; lamina chartacea ovalis vel obovalis

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 109

becoming grey before decorticating in subsequent years. No
prominent cluster of buds at end of shoots, terminal foliage-
bud often alone conspicuous, axils of adjacent leaves usually
without large buds, few foliage-buds under the inflorescence
elongating ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous brown rounded to
ovate keeled and more or less mucronate, lepidote and wax-
glaucous on back, margin more or less ciliate ; inner scale-leaves
membranous brown oblong-spathulate about 1.2 cm. long one-
nerved obtuse or rounded or truncate lepidote on back sparingly
ciliate and setulose on margin top more densely ciliate ; juvenile
leaves conduplicate-convolute glabrous on upper surface except-
ing puberulous midrib, lepidote beneath with white seal-like
scales and puberulous along midrib and primary veins, margin
ciliate and setulose. Leaves petiolate as much as 7.5 cm. long ;
lamina thinly leathery oval or oboval as much as 7 cm. long
3 cm. broad, shortly acuminate at apex with a pronounced
stylar apiculus ending in a red tuberculate hydathode, margin
cartilaginous notched at the insertions of fallen setae and hairs,
some setulae ~~ persist for a time towards the base, base obtuse;
upper surface opaque pale green elepidote, midrib grooved
puberulous aaiie reddened, primary veins about 10 on each
side more or less hidden ; under surface wax-white covered all
over with epidermal wax-bearing papillae, discontiguously lepi-
dote the brown scales with convex umbo and equally broad
fringe sometimes overlapped by the wax papillae, distance
between the scales greater than diameter of scales which are
about 2 in a square mm., midrib raised puberulous sparingly
lepidote, primary veins very slightly raised and puberulous ;
petiole about 5 mm. long red-tinted grooved glaucous and
puberulous and lepidote sometimes with a few setae. In-
florescence a 3—4-flowered umbel somewhat immersed within the
end-leaves of the shoot; bracts early deciduous, unknown ;

bracteoles linear throughout or expanded into a spathulate top
over 1 cm. long slightly longer than pedicel, only slightly hairy
throughout and sparingly lepidote on back at top where is a

breviter acuminata apiculata, margine cartilaginea minute crenulata nunc plus

puberula ; petiolus ad 5 mm. longus sulcatus puberulus glaucus nunc setulosus.
Flores in umbellas 3—4-floras dispositi; bracteolae pedicellis longiores ; pedicelli
sparsim lepidoti glauci epilosi vix 1 cm. longi. Calyx brevis 1.5 mm. longus lobis

extus puberula et lepidota ; lobi 5 elliptici vel ovales circ. 1.7 cm. longi 2 cm. lati
subaequales patentes tamina ro inaequalia corolla breviora ; filamenta
puberula. Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum corolla brevius staminibus longius ;
ovarium conoideum truncatum lepidotum ad 4 mm. longum; stylus glaber sub
stigmate lobulato discoideo claviformis.

Ce)

I10 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

long bristle-crest ; pedicel short usually barely 1 cm. long some-
times a little longer glaucous sparingly lepidote more densely
so at expanded top under calyx. Calyx small about 1.5 mm.
long with 5 rounded lobes each under 1 mm. in length, lepidote
outside the margins of the lobes sparingly setulose and often
scale-fringed. Corolla white open butterfly-shaped a little over
3 cm. long; tube funnel-shaped from the base hardly laterally
compressed with one shallow median inside groove on the
posterior petal scarcely forming a ridge outside, base barely
gibbous, puberulous inside, puberulous and lepidote all over
outside, expanding into a broad 5-lobed spreading limb ;
lobes broad elliptic about 1.7 cm. long 2 cm. broad auriculately
overlapping subequal. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla,
longest about 2.7 cm. long with anther about 3 mm. long,
shortest about 1.3 cm. long with anther about 2 mm. ; filaments
dilated downwards glabrous at very base then puberulous to
above the ovary. Disk shortly puberulous. Gynaeceum about
2.8 cm. long shorter than corolla ; ovary conoid truncate grooved
about 4 mm. long, densely covered with imbricate peltate scales ;
style glabrous expanding clavately under the broad discoid
lobulate stigma.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt.
gooo—10,000 ft. Open rocky slopes. Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers
white. G. Forrest. No. 17,593. May-June 1918.

This species is a near ally of Rh. zaleucum, Balf. {. et W. W.
Sm. in the Triflorum series, and if it be hardy will be an acquisi-
tion as a plant of the garden. Rh. zaleucum coming from the
same latitude and as low an altitude is hardy and gives hope
therefore that Rh. ervtleucum will be so. By its broader oval
or oboval shortly acuminate not lanceolate longly acuminate
leaves Rh. erileucum is readily distinguished from Rh. zaleucum.
Our specimens show it to be less floriferous than that species
and also less inclined to branch freely from below the flower-
truss. Most of the shoots show only small subfloral leaf-buds and
the trusses are always solitary. The puberulous outside surface
of the corolla may also be taken as a conspicuous difference be-
tween the species if it be a constant character but of this I am not
satisfied. Rh. erileucwm adds another to the number of species of
the Triflorum series known from Western Yunnan where up till
now explorers have not shown it to be abundantly represented.

’ . Rhododendron erythrocalyx, Balf. f. et Forrest.* (Selense.)

Twiggy shrub about 2.5 m. high with thin straight branches
about 3 mm. in diameter when a year old, the annual —
* Rhododendron erythrocalyx, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex ad ulis
tenuibus virgatis paucis strictis plus minusve rubro- pote Alabastra

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. III

about 7 cm. long. Branches of the year dark purple densely
glandular some long almost setulose glands with stalks orange-
coloured the gland ovoid dark red many shorter often nearly
sessile globose and ovoid red glands, mixed with glands are
occasional red sebaceous hairs, after the first year branches
pass through brown to grey (decorticating) and the glands
disappear leaving vestigial dere asst Foliage-buds long
fusiform pointed; outer scale-leaves crustaceous brown
rounded mucronulate almost prea outside the margin
shortly ciliate especially at top with greasy short hairs, followed
by oblong ones more or less puberulous and floccose outside
and with many marginal greasy red hairs clustered particularly
at top and around the mucro; innermost scale-leaves long
membranous yellow as much as 4.5 cm. long 6 mm. broad with
linear-lanceolate laniina acuminate and tapering downwards
into a petiole glandular on the back at base and more or less
glandular on margin throughout, puberulous on back towards
top and with clustered red greasy hairs around the elongated
blunt mucro ; young foliage-leaves revolute sparingly glandular
on upper surface densely covered with orange cauliflower hairs
on under surface with some glands on the midrib, petiole densely
glandular like stem. Leaves petiolate as much as 12.5 cm. long
5-7 at the extremity of each shoot; lamina thinly leathery
oval or elongated oval or oblong-oval, sometimes slightly broader
above the middle as much as Io cm. long 5 cm. broad, apex
rounded or obtuse with a beaked tip or an apiculus ending in a
rather small red tuberculate hydathode, margin thin cartila-
ginous obscurely notched through the fallen juvenile glands
‘and hairs, base cordulate; upper surface olive-green mat
shagreened glabrous but for vestiges of juvenile glands, midrib
grooved, primary veins about 14 on each side slightly grooved ;
under surface paler covered all over with vestigial cauliflower
fusiformia ; p ti i rotundatae eglandulosae, intimae elongatae
d 4.5 cm. longae 6 mm. latae anguste lanceolatae acutae deorsum in petiolum
attenuatae basi dense glandulosae ; folia juvenilia revoluta. Folia ad 12.5 cm
longa ramulorum apicem a Sa ia 7 cians eubccaeeel i
vel oblonga vel oblongo
basi cordulata ; supra olivacea glabra sed vestigiis glandularum obscure notata,
costa media eer tane infra pallidior ubique pilis caulifloris obtecta, costa media
roseo-tincta elevata ; petiolus circ. 2.5 cm. longus rubidus sulcatus plus minusve
glandulosus. eabal a terminalis 4—6-flora ; pene ad 2.5 = 0 glandulos

Cal yx ruber circ. 7mm. lon ngus ; cupula carnos t 7“
lobi 5 circ. 5 mm. longi elongato-triangulares apice rotundati margine glandulosi

glabra. Discus
ovarium A AC truncatum dense glandulosum ; stylus glaber.

112 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

hairs, midrib raised pink-tinted with some vestigial glands and
cauliflower hairs but glabrescent, primary veins and ultimate
venation showing as a very fine faintly red-tinted network ;
petiole as much as 2.5 cm. long red-tinted grooved above glandu-
lar like the stem. Umbels 4—6-flowered terminal; bracts and
bracteoles early deciduous unknown ; pedicels reddened about
2-2.5 cm. long densely glandular like the stems with long and
short glands. Calyx red about 7 mm. long with fleshy darker-
coloured cup about 2 mm. long densely glandular outside and
5 elongated triangular persistent lobes about 5 mm. long rounded
at top with a glandular margin a few hairs mixed with the glands,
eglandular on both surfaces but with a few small white cauli-
flower hairs. Corolla creamy white with a basal pale crimson
blotch posteriorly and some small crimson spots openly cam-
panulate from the base about 5 cm. long glabrous outside and
inside ; limb broad expanded ; lobes 5 rounded as much as 2.5
cm. long and broad emarginate. Stamens 1o shorter than
corolla and gynaeceum unequal longest about 3.5 cm. long
shortest about 2 cm.; filaments widened to the base glabrous
(occasionally a hair or two). Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum a
little shorter than the corolla ; ovary cylindric-conoid truncate
shallowly grooved densely glandular about 5 mm. long; style
glabrous slightly expanding at tip into a lip around the discoid
lobulate stigma.

N.W. Yunnan. Bei-ma-shan. Alt. 13,000 ft. Lat. 28° 12’
N. Open thickets and pine forests. Shrub of 6-7 ft. Flowers
creamy white with a few crimson spots and lines towards base.
G. Forrest. No. 13,989. June 1917.

A large-leaved member of the Selense series producing large:
creamy-white flowers with a red glandular calyx and corolla
marked by a basal red blotch and small red spots spread widely
over the posterior surface—characters which separate it in its
series from allied forms.

Jed Rhododendron fulvoides, Balf. f. et Forrest.* (Fulvum.)

Shrub 6 m. high. Branches stout when a year old as much
as 7mm. in diameter densely covered with a brown scurfy whiten-
ing indumentum of mop-hairs more or less agglutinated and
falling off, the older branches nearly bare of indumentum before

* Rhododendron fulvoides, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex 6 m. altus. Rami

crassi ad 7 mm. diam. indumento furfuraceo brunneo sed albicante tomentosi-
Alabastra subglobosa. Folia petiolata ad 21 cm. longa sub anthesi deflexa ;

vestigiis indumenti juvenilis nunc notata, costa media et venis primariis (utrin-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. II3

decorticating. Foliage-buds enwrapped in a brown tomentum
short subglobose nested amidst the leaves the last leaves a
little smaller than the others and close up to the bud; outer
scale-leaves almost woody from a rounded or ovate basal
half or third acuminately tailed thick keeled and mucronate,
intermediate crustaceous more oblong less tomentose except
on margins, innermost somewhat membranous and _strap-
shaped as much as 3.5 cm. long 3.5 mm. broad acute strongly
mucronate and very tomentose about the mucro, finely ciliate
throughout ; young leaves revolute with upper surface densely
floccose glandular. Leaves petiolate as much as 21 cm. long ;
lamina thickly leathery oblanceolate or elongated oboval as
much as Ig cm. long 6 cm. broad, apex rounded or obtuse or
subacute or shortly acuminate ending in a red tuberculate mucro,
margin cartilaginous plane, base obtuse or broadly wedge-
shaped ; upper surface olive-green somewhat glossy smooth
glabrous hardly showing traces of juvenile indumentum, midri

and primary veins (about 16 on each side) grooved; under
surface covered with a brown coarsely granular surface of indu-
mentum appearing as if produced by the cracking of a uniform
layer, through the cracks and here and there where rubbed a
paler very smooth pellicle seen, the indumentum is bistrate, the
upper buff layer of mop-hairs or besom-hairs with long stout
many-celled stalks crowned with a dense tuft of short pointed
unicellular radiating branches usually curled, near to and on
sides of midrib the stalks often very long and wavy, the mops
often set in depressions or pits of the leaf-surface, the hairs of
the tuft usually reddening and taking on a glandular look, the
under stratum consists of similarly formed hairs only with very
short or almost no stalks their branches spreading usually un-
coloured and somewhat agglutinate to form the pellicle, midrib
elevated clad like rest of surface, the primary veins hidden
by indumentum ; petiole stout grooved about 2 cm. long clad
like the stem. Flowers in solitary terminal as many as 20-
flowered racemose umbels, rhachis up to 1.5 cm. long glabrous ;

secus ad 16) sulcatis; subtus brunnea crasse granulosa indumento bistrato e
pilis longis et brevibus in modum peniculi capitatim-floccosi constructis vestita ;

rminale : hi a:
globosa ; bracteae yas ee SRE eR interiores sericeae ; brac-

longi. Calyx minutus ie: Imm. : oman vix 5~denticulatus. Corolla

us.
corollam subaequans ; ovarium angustum ad 7 mm. longum truncatum glaberri-
mum ; stylus glaber.

II4 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

inflorescence-bud globose; outer bracts crustaceous brown
rotundate more or less glandular and floccose outside; inner
bracts oblong broadly spathulate densely silky outside ;_ brac-
teoles linear expanded into a spoon-shaped tip, about I cm. long,
shortly pilose below at top densely pilose and hair-crested ;
pedicel about 2 cm. long glabrous. Calyx saucer-shaped very
small about 1 mm. long most glabrous its margin undulate and
showing obscurely 5 teeth or semilunate lobes. Corolla white
flushed rose with a large crimson basal blotch and a few spots
or lines spreading from it campanulate about 3 cm. long glabrous
outside and inside expanding into a 5-lobed open limb ; lobes
rounded about 1.3 cm. long 2 cm. broad emarginate. Stamens
Io unequal all shorter than corolla and gynaeceum ; longest
about 2.3 cm. long, shortest about 1.3 cm. long ; filaments slightly
dilated downwards, at the base clad with short vesicular hairs
and stalked glands; anthers about 2 mm. long. Disk glabrous
or most sparsely puberulous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long
equalling corolla ; ovary thin elongated 7 mm. long I.5 mm. in
diameter truncate slightly grooved most glabrous; style
glabrous expanded at top into a short lip below the discoid
lobulate stigma. Capsule sickle-shaped long and thin as much
as 3.5 cm. long 4 mm. in diameter glabrous, style often persistent,
dehiscing from apex by 5 valves. Seed pale brown oblong
flattened striate about 2.5 mm. long .75 mm. broad with a narrow
arillar wing on one side usually and a funicular and chalazal crest.

N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 10’ N.
Alt. 11,000 ft. In mixed thickets and amongst rocks. Shrub
of 6-10 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 13,400. Sept. 1gr4.

N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 10’ N.
Alt. 11,000 ft. In open forests. Shrub of 15 ft. G. Forrest.
No. 13,556. Oct.1914. [Foliage only.]

S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide.
Lat. 28° 25’ N. In rhododendron thickets. Shrub of ro ft.
Infruit. G. Forrest. No. 14,988. Oct. 1917.

S.E.Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide.
Lat. 28°25’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. In open thickets. Shrub of 6-9 ft.
Flowers rose? In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 14,499. July 1917.

S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. G. Forrest. No. 15,278. Nov.
1917. Duplicate in fruit ?

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.} G. Forrest. No.
16,140. Nov. 1917. Duplicate in fruit.

Eastern N.W. Yunnan. Mountains N.E. of Chungtien.
Lat. 28° N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In rhododendron thickets. Shrub
of g-12 ft. Flowers creamy rose with a few crimson markings and
blotch of deep crimson. G. Forrest. No. 16,515. July 1918.

S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Doker-la, Mekong -Salween

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. II5

divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. In pine and
rhododendron forest. Shrub of 20 ft. Flowers white flushed
rose and with crimson markings running into a deep blotch at
base. G. Forrest. No. 16,516. June 1918.

S.E. Tibet: Tsarong. On Kw-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween
divide. Lat. 28° 40’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. In rhododendron
thickets and pine forests. Shrub of ro-15 ft. Flowers pinkish-
rose with a few crimson markings at base. G. Forrest. No.
16,720. July 1918. Duplicate of 1917 in fruit.

S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. G. Forrest. No. 16,721. Aug. 1918.
Duplicate of 16,720 in fruit.

Yunnan. Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat.
27° 40’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Open situations amongst boulders.
Shrub of 6-7 ft. Infruit. G. Forrest. No. 12,967. Aug. 1914.

N.W. Yunnan. Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat.
27° 40’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. In open dark forests. Shrub of
15 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 13,029. Aug. 1914.

The type of the Fulvum series, Rh. fuluum, Balf. f. et W.
W. Sm. is a plant of the Shweli-Salween divide in latitudes from
25° 20’ N. to 25° 30’ N. as we know of it up till now. This
new species Rh. fulvoides we must look on as a geographical
form of the Fulvum type from the Mekong-Salween divide
having a wider range over areas between latitudes 28° 10’ N.
and 28° 4o’ N. From the Kari Pass on the Mekong-Yangtze
divide in lat. 27° 40’ N. Forrest has brought specimens in
immature fruit which I do not separate from Rh. fulvoides,
and on the mountains N.E. of Chungtien in lat. 28° N. close
to the Eastern boundary of N.W. Yunnan Forrest found a
plant of this phylum which seems to be also this Rh. fulvoides.
These extensions of the distribution out of the Mekong-Salween
divide find a parallel in species of other phyla of Rhododendron
and also in other genera.

Rhododendron hemitrichotum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ (Scabri-
foli

Small twiggy bush nearly 1 m. high with very thin intricately
interlacing softly and shortly downy branchlets, profusely
floriferous. Branches a year old about 1 mm. in diameter pink
and densely coated with short straight erect soft white hairs
intermixed with mushroom-like small peltate scales the disk of

* juttotzwrtoc, half hairy—in allusion to the disposition of hairiness on leaf-

surfaces.
¢ Rhododendron hemitrichotum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex nanus virgatus
mi ten

et lepidoti. Alabastra parvula; perulae lepidotae plus minusve arachnoideo-
ciliatae. Folia petiolata ad 2.5 cm. longa; lamina coriacea anguste oblonga vel
lanceolata, acuta ad 2.2 cm. longa 6 mm. lata, margine revoluta, basi cuneata ;

116 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

which without fringe is often nearly globular and infiltrated with
an orange secretion sometimes reddening at the umbo of the
scale, hairs and scales traceable on the dark grey or blackened
older branches for many years. Foliage-buds very small ovoid
blunt usually invested by one or two reduced foliage-leaves
which are about 4 mm. long with lanceolate pointed lamina and
vagina equally long; outer scale-leaves thinly crustaceous
deciduous at bud-expansion rounded lepidote and puberulous
outside and with long curled arachnoid marginal hairs spreading
over the bud, a few straight short hairs present about the mucro-
nulate tip ; innermost scale-leaves membranous obovate keeled
obtuse slightly mucronate about 7 mm. long 2 mm. broad densely
lepidote outside finely ciliate ; young leaves conduplicate con-
volute. Leaves shortly petiolate as much as 2.5 cm. long ;
lamina leathery narrowly oblong or lanceolate sometimes a
little wider above the middle, about 2.2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad
acute with a short red mucro, margin cartilaginous recurved,
base wedge-shaped ; upper surface pale olive-green mat with a
grooved midrib and all over persistently puberulous with soft
short hairs which do not harden to form asperities near the
margin, primary veins invisible ; under surface grey-white with
a raised pink-tinted sparsely puberulous elepidote (or with an
occasional scale) midrib, the rest of the surface on which primary
veins do not show lepidote with small discontiguous orange-
coloured scales having short stalk and convex swollen disk without
fringe sunk in pits to depth of half of the disk, distance between
scales slightly greater than or about equal to diameter of scales

ich are some g to the sq. mm. sometimes in groups touching
one another, epidermal papillae in intervals between scales large
rod-like ; petiole about 3 mm. long grooved puberulous and
lepidote. Flowers disposed in 2-3-flowered umbels which are
axillary to the last fully developed leaves on the shoots, 3-4
umbels forming a cluster at the end of each shoot which ends in
a vegetative bud; bracts persistent under the flowers; outer
bracts crustaceous rounded puberulous and ciliate outside the
margin with long woolly spreading hairs mixed with short

supra convexa pallide olivacea opaca ubique puberula elepidota ; subtus albo-

puberula excepta) et Sek Peltatis discontiguis stipitatis subglobosis (sine
instita) aurantiacis in fovei bsita ; petiolus circ. 3 mm. longus
pallide roseus lepidotus et sateiralii ; Umbellae 2-3-fi im
ramulorum apicem 3~—4-fasciculatae ; bracteae persistentes pilosae et lepidotae ;
bracteolae filiformes apiceque expansae pedicellis longiores ; pedicelli rubri circ.

~—

intus glaber; lobi 5 oblongo-ovales circ. 7 mm. longi 4 mm. lati extus lepidoti.
Stamina 10 inaequalia, longissima corollam paullo superantia ; filamenta puberula.
Discus glaber. Gynaeceum corolla longius circ. 1.5 cm. longum ; ovarium parvum
circ. 2 mm. longum puberulum et lepidotum ; stylus glaber ruber.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 117

straight ones, inner fertile bracts obovate spathulate apex
rounded with broad base about 6 mm. long 3 mm. broad
puberulous and lepidote outside with long woolly marginal hairs
mixed with short ones; bracteoles longer than pedicels and
calyx about 8 mm. long filiform below and glabrous at base
pilose upwards and expanded at end into an oval limb woolly
and lepidote ; pedicels short 6 mm. long sometimes longer to
about 8 mm. red lepidote and puberulous. Calyx minute not
1 mm. long red lepidote and puberulous outside the rim undulate
or with five indications of rounded lobation, the lobes ciliate
with short hairs a few long ones mixed with them. Corolla pale
rose margined a deeper shade about 1.3 cm. long slightly shorter
than longest stamens and gynaeceum with a short funnel-shaped
tube glabrous inside expanding into an erect 5-lobed limb ; lobes
oblong-oval about 7 mm. long 4 mm. broad lepidote outside.
Stamens Io unequal longest just exceeding the corolla, shortest
barely 1 cm. long; filaments filiform glabrous at very base
finely puberulous above that to mouth of corolla-tube. Disk
glabrous. Gynaeceum about 1.5 cm. long longer than corolla
and stamens; ovary small barely 2 mm. long conoid truncate
lepidote and puberulous ; style filiform glabrous pink with a
very small lobulate stigma.

S.W. Szechwan. Mu-li Mountains. Valley of the Litang
River. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Open rocky pasture.
Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers pale rose margined a deeper shade.
G. Forrest. No. 16,250. June 1918.

Rh. hemitrichotum is a plant of the facies of Rh. mollicomum,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. and is a more northerly development of
the same phylum in the Scabrifolium series. It may be at once
recognised by the white under side of the foliage-leaves—the
coloration is due to wax-coloured elongated rod-like papillae—
and the absence of hairs on this surface except for a few on the
midrib. In Rh. mollicomum the surface is green and downy.
The features exhibited by the peltate scales deserve notice.
These scales on the leaf under side have stout stalks and the disk
is ovoid transversely to the stalk, sometimes almost globular.
There is no fringe. The scales are sunk in deep pits so that only
about half of the disk is above the surface.

Rhododendron hormophorum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ (Tri-
florum.)

A woody small shrub or undershrub some 4 dm. high with
thick woody underground or prostrate rooting stems forming
* rie necklace—in allusion to the circlet of bead-like scales around the
calyx-ri
t prodoacniien SCE NON, a . et Forrest.—Suftruticosum ad 4 dm.
altum ramulis plurimis a cauli vel prostratis orientibus. Ramuli
Cc

118 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

crowns from which many short branches ascend. Aerial
branches about 3 mm. in diameter the bark becoming grey and
cracking in the third year usually. Twigs of the year very thin
barely 1 mm. in diameter reddened finely puberulous and spar-
ingly lepidote with white seal-like peltate scales distant or in
groups, the scales falling from older twigs some remaining and
blackening, the puberulousness persistent until decortication.
Foliage-buds small ovate ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous rounded
obtuse glabrous outside, except at the tip which is finely hair-
ciliate, puberulous more or less inside ; innermost scale-leaves
pale greenish or yellowish membranous spathulate-ligulate some-
what acute carried up on elongating axis lepidote outside margin
more or less setulose ; juvenile leaves conduplicate-convolute
densely setulose and puberulous and with a few peltate scales
on upper suriace, densely lepidote underneath with a puberulous
midrib, margin densely setulose-ciliate, petiole grooved puberu-
lous more or less lepidote and setulose-ciliate. Leaves petiolate
as much as 4.5 cm. long; lamina thin papery lanceolate or
oblong or nee oblong-oval as much as 4.2 cm. long 1.5
cm. broad acute or obtuse and ending in a prominent apiculus
with rounded Se terminal red hydathode, margin plane
not cartilaginous regularly and finely ciliate somewhat setulose
towards base, base cuneate tapered into the short petiole ;
upper surface mat olive-green smooth puberulous and distantly
lepidote and setulose, the scales white flat seal-like with broad
umbo and narrower entire fringe intervals between scales much
greater than diameter of scale, about 2 or 3 scales in a square
mm., midrib reddened lepidote and setulose, primary veins very
thin immersed reddened about 7 on each side of midrib ; under
surface slightly paler lepidote with distant scales like the upper
surface, esetulose and epilose except on raised reddened midrib
which has very short hairs, primary veins and ultimate venation
reddened ; petiole 2-3 mm. long finely puberulous sparingly
hornotini tenues vix I mm. diam. puberuli et discontigue albo-lepidoti, annotini
ad 3mm.diam. Folia breviter petiolata ad 4.5 cm. longa; lamina tenuis papy-
racea lanceolata vel oblonga vel oblongo-ovalis acuta vel obtusa apiculata, margine
plana haud cartilaginea ciliata et setulosa, basi cuneata; supra opaca olivacea

breviora; filamenta ad basim glabra supta usque ad os corollinum puberula
Discus puberu pes ern corolla paullo longius; ovarium cylindricum
truncatum aut “lapidoeitig stylus Sing glaber sub stigmate discoideo lobulato
in labium parvulum circulare expans

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. II9g

lepidote and setulose. Flowers in 3—5-flowered terminal umbels ;
bracts soon deciduous, unknown ; bracteoles short about 5 mm.
long about .5 mm. broad strap-shaped lepidote outside, pilose
and setulose on margin, hair-crested ; pedicels barely I cm.
long strict divergent epilose sparingly lepidote reddened slightly
expanded below the calyx. Calyx an undulate rim the protuber-
ances fringed by large white peltate scales forming a conspicuous
necklace-like ring below the corolla-tube. Corolla butterfly-
shaped rose-coloured with brown spots posteriorly, about 3 cm.
long puberulous inside, outside finely puberulous and with a few
distant scattered white peltate scales; tube short apparently
darker than limb thin slightly compressed with a median ridge
on back of posterior petal and corresponding groove inside
otherwise not conspicuously grooved ; 5 lobes unequal antero-
lateral longer and narrower, posterior 1.5 cm. long r cm. broad,
oblong-oval or ovate obtuse often somewhat undulate. Stamens
Io unequal nearly equalling corolla, longest about 1.8 cm. long,
shortest about 1.2 cm. long; anthers small ovoid about 2 mm.
long ; filaments dilated at base and there glabrous over about
2 mm., puberulous above to mouth of corolla-tube. Disk more
or less puberulous. Gynaeceum longer than stamens and corolla
about 3.3 cm. long; ovary cylindric truncate grooved about
3.5 mm. long entirely covered by white imbricate peltate scales
sometimes a few hairs at the top amongst the scales ; style red
glabrous slightly swollen below the discoid lobulate stigma to
which it forms a narrow crimson lip.

S.W. Szechwan. Mu-li Mountains. Valley of the Litang.
Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Open dry stony pasture.
Shrub of ro—18 inches. Flowers rose with brown markings.
Forrest. No. 16,265. June 1918.

So many of the members of the Triflorum series are dis-
tinguished one from the other by characters which, easily recog-
nisable in the living plant, lose prominence in the dried specimen,
that it is refreshing to have in this new species from S.W.
Szechwan a plant of which dried specimens pronounce at once
specific differentiation. Rh. hormophorum belongs within the
Triflorum series to the set including Rh. chartophylium, Franch.
and Rh. yunnanense, Franch. It is a plant the habit of which
is in consonance with its described habitat—dry stony alpine
pasture. Its stem appears to ramify in the soil under the stones,
rooting and forming crowns from which aerial short shoots ascend,
bare below and producing small tufts of leaves and trusses of
flowers at the top. The community of such plants must form a
scrub about a foot and a ha!f high after the fashion of old heather
ona moor. The hairy bristly leaves have the hairs and bristles
on the upper surface, whilst the under side has neither (excepting

120 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

the midrib). Then the hair-cilia and bristles of the margin are
most regularly placed. The peltate scales are about equally
distributed on the upper and under surfaces, and these, as on the
stems and elsewhere where they occur, have the form of flat
white disks recalling rather those of the Heliolepis series than
of the Triflorums. In the flower the calyx gives a diagnostic
mark utilised for the name of the species in the white peltate
scales disposed close-set along the rim of the lobes forming a
white necklace-like band around the base of the corolla which
: og Ppa us all over outside. As a plant of cultiva-

n Rh. hormophorum is likely to be hardy but does not give
ee - greater or less attractiveness than many others of
its series.

Rhododendron hypophaeum,* Balf. {. et Forrest.¢ (Triflorum.)

A shrub about 1.5 m. high with thin branches of short annual
growths divaricating pseudo-dichotomously to form zigzag axes.
Twigs a year old about I mm. in diameter (after 8 years some
4mm. only) finely puberulous and lepidote distantly with orange-
coloured small scales, older twigs blackish-grey. Foliage-buds
not clustered on either vegetative or flower shoots small narrowly
ovoid about 5 mm. long ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous rounded

* éndépatoc, somewhat grey—in allusion to the colour of foliage.
Fo

Folia petiolata ad 6 cm. longa; lamina chartacea lanceolata vel ovali-lanceola s
acuta, margine J Gian basi late cuneata ; supra olivacea opaca laevis dis-
contigue lepidota et sparsim puberula, costa media sulcata puberula, nervis
primariis shag ai circ. 7 fere occnltis ; subtus pallidior griseo-viridis copiose

lepidota -brunneis, costa media straminea puberula

longus'su catus p mbellae ieee solitariae terminales

vel St cae bractenbe extetanes rotundatae crustaceae lepidotae et albo-

ciliatae, intimae fertiles oblongo-spathulatae vel subobovatae 1 cm. longae 6 mm.

latae basi membranaceae erectae supra reflexae cucullatae extus lepidotae ;

bracteolae lineares pedicellis longiores lepidotae et pilo-cristatae ; pedicelli 8

mm. ae copiose lepidoti epilosi. Calyx parvus circ. 1.5 mm. he a 5-lobus
i ; lobi mem

circ longi.
zygomorpha 2 cm. longa extus sees epilosa
intus puberula; tubus sefescidl Baltociie. lateraliter compressus postice bisul-
oo ;

ae
Rg
°
=
bab)
ae
bse pe
BE
oO
Lead
~ ae
®
°
ea
(a
co
¥
°

stylus validus glaber vel ad basim pilos paucos gerens sub stigmate pores dila-
tatus; stigma parvum. Capsula cylindrica circ. 1 cm. longa 3 mm. diam.
lepidota.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON,. I2I

or broadly ovate keeled mucronate sparingly puberulous out-
side and there lepidote all over, ciliate. Leaves petiolate as
much as 6 cm. long; lamina chartaceous lanceolate or oval-
lanceolate acute, margin cartilaginous plane, base broadly
cuneate ; upper surface mat olive-green smooth sparingly
puberulous and discontiguously lepidote with small orange-
brown scales showing a convex umbo and narrow uncoloured
fringe, distance between the scales greater than diameter of
scales which are about 7 ina sq. mm., midrib grooved puberulous,
primary veins about 7 on each side straight hardly visible ;
under surface much paler grey-green with a pale yellow raised
epilose lepidote midrib and the whole surface (dry) showing a
slightly raised reticulation of venation, lepidote with orange-
brown discontiguous scales separated usually by more than
diameter of scale, scales about Io in a sq. mm. rather larger than
those of upper surface and with concave umbo ; petiole about
5 mm. long straw-coloured lepidote and puberulous. Inflores-
cence a solitary terminal 3-4-flowered umbel; outer bracts
rounded crustaceous lepidote outside ciliate, innermost bracts
broadly spathulate about 1 cm. long 6 mm. broad reflexing out-
wards and downwards from middle lower half membranous
broad upper half more crustaceous hooded and embossed out-
wards as a convex surface lepidote outside with incurved mem-
branous margins; bracteoles about 1.2 cm. long longer than
pedicels filiform below club-shaped above pilose throughout
lepidote on back above, white hair-crested ; pedicels short as
much as 8 mm. long strict lepidote the pale yellow scales in
groups epilose. Calyx small about-1.5 mm. long; cup about
.5 mm. long lepidote outside 5-lobed; lobes often somewhat
unequal about I mm. long rounded membranous above and
ciliate hardly lepidote outside. Corolla white faintly tinged
rose butterfly-shaped small about 2 cm. long, glabrous outside,
finely puberulous towards base inside; tube compressed and
grooved on each side of midrib of posterior petal correspondingly
ridged inside expanding into a funnel-shaped 5-lobed limb ;
lobes oblong-oval undulate about 1 cm. long 7 mm. broad half
the length of the whole corolla half-spreading. Stamens 10
unequal, longest about 2 cm. long equalling the corolla with
anther 2 mm. long, shortest 1 cm. long gripped in the posterior
corolline groove with anther 1 mm. long; filaments dilated
downwards to the base which is glabrous over about 2 mm.,
puberulous above within the corolla-tube ; anthers violet-tinted.
Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 2.7 cm. long much longer
than corolla and stamens; ovary small about 2 mm. long conoid
truncate lepidote ; style glabrous or with a few basal hairs, of
equal diameter throughout not enlarged at tip and carrying a

122 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

small lobulate stigma at the centre of its extremity. Capsule
about I cm. long 3 mm. in diameter dehiscing to base by 5 valves.

S.W. Szechwan. es around Mu-li, valley of the
Litang River. Lat. 28°12’ N. Alt. 1z,o00 ft. Open situations
in and on the margins Be i forests. Shrubof4-5ft. Flowers
white faintly tinged rose. G. Forrest. No. 16,249. June 1918.

Rh. ophaeum is one of the small-flowered species of the
Triflorum series, using that designation in its widest sense. Its
nearest allies are Rh. longistylum, Rehd. et Wilson and Rh.
Hanceanum, Hemsl.—two of Wilson’s species from Szechwan,
and both known in wild specimens in an imperfect condition.
They are common plants now in cultivation and their features
in living specimens are well known. Rh. hypophaeum is easily
distinguished from both these species by its less leathery leaves
smooth not rugulose on the upper surface and with closer-set
scales on the under surface. Then the inflorescence is a few-
flowered umbel solitary and terminal whilst in the species
named the inflorescence is essentially racemose with many
flowers although where there are only a few flowers the umbellate
form appears.

Rhododendron Jenestierianum,* G. Forrest.+ (Campylogy-
num.)

A stiffly branched shrub reaching 2 cm. in height with few
straight divaricating thin branches simulating dichotomies.
Twigs of the year purple with a glaucous bloom about 1.5 mm.
in diameter, glabrous but occasionally a yellow discoid scintil-
lating scale visible ; a year old 2.5 mm. in diameter pale pe
or grey not decorticating until the third or fourth year. Matur
buds not seen; innermost scale-leaves membranous Se
more or less carried up on elongating shoot, spathulate the
uppermost petiolate 2.5-3 cm. _ 8 mm. broad obtuse spar-

* To Pére Jenestier of the French R.C. Tibetan pa ooo Upper
Mekong, I am indebted for much help freely Rye d.—
1 Rhododendron Jenestierianum, G. Forrest —Frutex rs 2m. aad Ramuli

annotini glabri circ. 3 m ia Folia petiolata ad 16.5 cm. lon lamin
papyracea lanceolata vel oblanceolata saepe curvata, apice breviter acuminata,
margine integra, basi cuneata inaequalis ; supra pallide viridis subnitens glabra

Pp
prominulis; petiolus circ. 1.5 cm. longus. Flores subpenduli in racemos dis-
positi, rhachi glabra; pedicelli circ. 2.5 cm. longi plus minusve atropurpurei et
ceriferi squamis paucis conspetsi. Calyx cupuliformis circ. 3 mm. longus glaber

a. scus atropu
ynaeceum staminibus brevius ; ovarium aie oe seine stylus Biber
deflexus ovarium dimidio superans, apice clav.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 123

ingly lepidote outside from base upwards with yellow scintillat-
ing fleshy scales with a discoid summit, somewhat silky at
top outside and inside and with a hair-crest, most minutely and
shortly ciliate. Leaves in fives or sixes at the end of the twigs
petiolate as much as 16.5 cm. long; lamina thin papery
lanceolate or slightly oblanceolate sometimes laterally curved
narrowed to both ends, apex shortly acuminate ending in a
small inconspicuous hydathode, margin entire finely carti-
laginous, base more or less wedge-shaped or obtuse often
unequal ; upper surface pale light green smooth slightly glossy
with wax coating, in adult state glabrous but for a few hairs
in the grooved midrib, primary veins about 16 on each side
inconspicuous ; under surface grey-green sprinkled with far
distant small yellowish scintillating peltate scales each with a
narrow umbo and broad sharply circular thick fringe the stalk
sunk in surface pit, the intermediate areas clad with large wax-
covered papillae which make a somewhat glistening surface
and give the grey look to the surface, midrib and primary veins
prominent straw-coloured the former obscurely puberulous ;
petiole grooved about 1.5 cm. long furfuraceous on up

surface glabrous underneath with an occasional peltate scale.
Inflorescence an erect projecting small raceme of some I0-12
spreading somewhat drooping flowers, rhachis about 2.5 cm.
long glabrous purple somewhat glaucous with wax; fertile
bracts obovate leathery spathulate about 1.5 cm. long 8 mm.
broad somewhat truncate mucronate densely lepidote and
puberulous on back finely ciliate hair-crested ; bracteoles linear
strap-shaped a little wider at top about 1.5 cm. long, sparingly
pilose throughout and sparingly lepidote outside in upper half
hair-crested ; pedicels about 2.5 cm. long more or less plum-
coloured and with a glaucous bloom especially towards top
where expanded under the calyx, glabrous but for a few
scattered yellowish or whitish circular scales. Calyx a shallow
fleshy cup about 3 mm. long plum-coloured with a glaucous
bloom. glabrous, margin thinner slightly reddened entire or
obscurely undulate or unequally lobed somewhat spreading.
Corolla campanulate fleshy plum-purple coloured about 1.7 cm,
long with a glaucous bloom glabrous inside and outside ; tube
about 5 mm. wide at base and there paler-coloured ; limb 5-lobed
the lobes oval rounded at tip undulate 9 mm. long 7 mm.
broad recurving at expansion. Stamens 8 alternately long and
short, the short only slightly shorter, about equalling the corolla
in length ; filaments stout fleshy purple-red or bright crimson,
not dilated downwards, glabrous ; anthers purplish-red or bright
crimson oblong large about 2 mm. long. Disk glabrous deep
purple. Gynaeceum shorter than stamens ; ovary dome-shaped

an?

124 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

grooved about 3 mm. long lepidote with almost contiguous
cake-like scales ; style stout glabrous deflexed about half again
as long as ovary broadly clavate at the top and forming a flat-
lipped disk to the lobulate stigma. Capsule small ovoid about
6 mm. long 5 mm. in diameter ash-grey with remains of scales
and subtended by the withered calyx, dehiscing from apex by
5 valves. Seeds most minute brown fusiform.

N.E. Upper Burma. N’Maikha-Salween divide, Salween
flank. Lat. 26° to 26° 8’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. On the
margins of forests, in cane brakes and on open rocky slopes.
Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers plum-purple with a glaucous bloom.
Anthers and filaments clear purplish-red or bright crimson.
G. Forrest. No. 17,824. April 1919. Duplicate in fruit No.
18,329. Aug. Igig.

A charming aie with flowers recalling in appearance and
construction those of some forms of the aggregate species Rh.
campylogynum, Franch. But that is a dwarf species with small
leaves and flowers on long pedicels solitary and terminal or in
3-4-flowered terminal trusses in which the stamens have hairy
filaments. Here we have a large-leaved plant with refined
foliage of a delicate grey-green tint and trusses of many flowers
projected well above the leaves. Altogether a distinct species
much to be desired for our gardens.

Rhododendron lepidostylum, Balf. f. et Forrest.* (Tricho-
cladum

Shrub with short thin annual branches, those of the year
about I mm. in diameter densely hispid with bristle-hairs and
lepidote beneath them with white stalked scales without fringe,
bristles and vestiges of scales persisting more or less until de-
cortication of the dark dirty-grey coloured cortex. Scale-leaves
of the foliage-buds persisting for two years at least at the base

* Rhododendron lepidostylum, Balf. f. et Forrest——Frutex ramulis brevibus
pecnienctss dense hispidis et lepidotis. Alabastrorum perulae plus minusve persis-
oli . ,

margine setulosa, basi obtusa vel rotundata ; supra olivacea opaca glaberrima ;
subtus pallidior subglauca ubique plus minusve setulosa et gh ei lepidota ;

petiolus circ. 5 mm. longus hispidus et lepidotus. Flores in umbellam 2-floram
terminalem dispositi ; practac perulis similes ; bracteolae lineari-clavatae circ.
I cm. longae superne lepidotae et setulosae ; pedicelli ad 3 cm. longi lepidoti et
setulosi. Calyx circ. 7 mm. longus 5-partitus ; lobi oblongi vel lanceolati obtusi
vel acuti lepidoti et dense setulosi. Corolla flavida maculata obliqua circ. 2.5

bre
longum dense lepidotum et setulosum ; stylus lepidotus ovario longior.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 125

of the successive annual shoots; outer scale-leaves brown
crustaceous keeled and mucronulate glabrous outside, inter-
mediate longer oblong shortly ciliate densely lepidote outside,
innermost greenish somewhat membranous narrowly oblong-
oval obtuse and ciliate carried up on elongating shoot. Leaves
of a year present when those of succeeding year are developed,
petiolate as much as 4.5 cm. long ; lamina thinly leathery oval
or oboval as much as 4 cm. long 1.7 cm. broad, apex obtuse or
rounded with short conspicuous red tuberculate mucro, margin
setulose, base obtuse or rounded ; upper surface olive-green mat
with grooved midrib and primary veins about 8 on each side
hidden most glabrous ; under surface paler somewhat glaucous
setulose all over copiously on the raised pinkish midrib (primary
veins concealed) also densely lepidote with brown infiltrated
superficial discontiguous concave nearly uniform scales without
conspicuous fringe the distance between the scales less than or
occasionally slightly more than diameter of scales about 4~5
scales ina sq. mm. ; petiole about 5 mm. long clad like the stem.
Flowers in a 2-flowered terminal umbel; bracts quite like the
scale-leaves of the foliage-buds; bracteoles linear-clavate a
little more than I cm. long lepidote towards top and setulose ;
pedicels as much as 3 cm. long green lepidote and bristly ex-
panded into a cup below the calyx. Calyx large longer than
ovary about 7 mm. long cut to the base into 5 green lobes ;
lobes unequal oblong or lanceolate obtuse or acute lepidote with
large white scales outside and densely setulose all over back and
margin. Corolla yellow spotted copiously posteriorly oblique
about 2.5 cm. long, puberulous and lepidote outside, puberulous
inside ; tube in front short about 5 mm. long expanding into a
broad limb with 5 unequal lobes, posterior lobe smallest rounded
about 1 cm. long and broad, antero-lateral elongated oval about
1.5 cm. long 8 mm. broad entire. Shortest stamens about I cm.
long; filaments stout villous some distance above the base.
Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum over 2.5 cm. long; ovary short
thick cylindric truncate about 4 mm. long, shorter than the style
densely lepidote with white scales and setulose with many bristles
those at top forming a crest encircling base of style ; style thin
delicate epilose more or less lepidote.

W. Yunnan. Summit of the Jangtzow Shan, Shweli-Sal-
ween divide. Lat. 25° 15’ N. Alt. 11,000-11,500 ft. Open
exposed situations on cliffs. Shrub of 1 ft. Flowers pale
yellow. G. Forrest. No. 18,143. June rgtg. Rare.

Another and very distinct member of the Trichocladum series
distinguished readily from other species of the series by the longer
calyx, the ovary clad with bristles in addition to scales and the
lepidote style. The material that has come home so far has only

126 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

been in postal packet and is not adequate for full description ;
what I have said of the species above will require therefore some
emendation when better material arrives.

Rhododendron litiense,* Balf. f. et Forrest.f (Souliei.)

Shrub as much as 2.5 m. high with medium thick branches
usually straight. Branches of the year densely glandular with
short-stalked ovoid red fleshy glands, year-old branches about
3 mm. in diameter glabrescent showing usually traces of the
glands. Foliage-buds fusiform ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous
rounded ovate becoming oblong or oblong ovate keeled shortly
apiculate, on the back densely puberulous with adpressed hairs
which often redden and become greasy, margin ciliate with white
often reddening branched hairs; innermost scale-leaves mem-
branous yellow brown ligulate-spathulate about 3 cm. long 6 mm.
broad at top acute more or less puberulous outside ; young
leaves revolute, the upper surface more or less sprinkled with
stalked red glands and some floccose fasciate or rosette hairs all
early deciduous, under surface clad with many cauliflower hairs
and glands, petiole glandular with sessile glands underneath and
stalked glands on margin and above where also are some
floccose hairs. Leaves ad gerae as much as 9 cm. long; lamina
thinly coriaceous oblong or oblong-oval as much as 7.5 cm.
long 3 cm. broad slightly narrowed at top obtuse with a
short apiculus ending in a tubercular horny hydathode, margin
plane thinly cartilaginous, base trunculate or shallowly cor-
dulate ; upper surface mat green shagreened, midrib shallowly

* Liti, in Yunnan, in the Meat of which the plant was pune
t Rhododendron Silene, Balf. t Forrest.—Frutex ad 2.5 altus. Rami
hornotini dense sthreiges Soir aes circ. mm. soda _slabrescentes.

Alabastrorum perulae extimae dorso puberulae margine piloso-ciliatae, intim
ligulato-spathulatae extus puberulae. Folia petiolata ad 9 cm. longa ; catinn
tenuiter coriacea oblonga vel oblongo-ovalis, apice paullo angustata apiculata
mucronata, margine tenuiter cartilaginea plana, basi trunculata vel subcordulata ;
Ee : : 1

ee carters vestita et pilis caulifloris glandulisque conspersa, costa media
rubi vestigiis verruculosa ; petiolus ad 1.5 cm. longus plus minusve
poets sed glandularum vestigia gerens. Flores in umbellam 5-6-floram

brevissime racemosam dispositi, rhachi sparsim glandulosa et floccosa ; bracteae
intimae extus intusque sericeae ; bracteolae circ. 7 mm. longae sparsim pilosae
superne glandulosae; pedicelli stricti ad 1.5 cm. longi glandulosi. Calyx folia

gi ; e breviora; filam
haud deorsum — glabra. oe Sdnguduey Gynaeceum corolla brevius
stamina subaequans ; ovarium circ m. longum conoideum truncatum glandu-
losum glandulis Sake stipitatta' stl glandulosus, glandulis breviter stipitatis.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 127

grooved, primary veins about 12 on each side also shallowly
grooved, the whole surface glabrous even in the midrib groove,
only a trace of the juvenile glands here and there visible ; under
surface glaucous with a wax bloom often purpling covered with
close-set low dome-shaped wax-secreting epidermal papillae and
sprinkled with short cauliflower hairs and red glands, the midrib
red and raised and faintly warted with remains of glands, the
primary veins red and also slightly raised; petiole as much as
1.5 cm. long reddening grooved on upper side glabrescent but
showing traces of the juvenile sessile glands on under side and
stalked ones upper side. Inflorescence a terminal 5—6-flowered
very shortly racemose umbel, rhachis about 7 mm. long sparingly
glandular and floccose ; flowers in bud orange-red ; bracts falling
as inflorescence expands, inner ones oblong spathulate rounded at
top with a short mucro silky outside and inside ; bracteoles linear
widening upwards and then tapered to the point about 7 mm. long
-35 mm. broad shorter than pedicels sparingly hairy from base and
towards top glandular, apex ending in a bristle ; pedicels strict
somewhat unequal as much as 1.5 cm. long glandular with stalked
red glands expanding under the calyx. Calyx foliaceous
yellowish about 7 mm. long ; cup about I mm. long flat sparingly
glandular outside, lobes elliptic or oblong unequal posterior pair
largest as much as 6 mm. long 3 mm. broad almost eglandular
on back regularly gland-ciliate at margin. Corolla yellow
without blotch or spots barely 3 cm. long campanulate from base
fleshy glabrous outside and inside, gibbous and retuse at base
especially on posterior side; lobes short and broad about
1.3 cm. long 2 cm. broad undulate and slightly emarginate.
Stamens 10 unequal much shorter than corolla, longest about
1.9 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about I cm.
long with anther 1.5 mm. long; filaments stout white not ex-
panded downwards glabrous; anthers bright brown. Disk
dark green puberulous below ovary. Gynaeceum about 2 cm.
long shorter than corolla about equalling longest stamens ; ovary
about 4 mm. long thick conoid truncate grooved glandular with
red ovoid glands on long stout ascending stalks ; style glandular
throughout the glands shortly stalked, expanding into a clavate
tip forming a prominent lip below the broad lobulate discoid
stigma.

Yunnan. On the Li-ti-ping. Lat. 27° 12’ N. Alt. gooo-
10,000 ft. Shrub of 6-9 ft. In shady forests. Flowers yellow,
orange-redin bud. G. Forrest. No. 13,922. June 1917.

A plant of the Souliei series and of the alliance of Rh. Wardii,
W. W. Sm. and RA. croceum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., distinguished
from both of them by the white-grey of the purpling under-
surface of the leaves. It has not the glands on the outside of the

wart

128 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

corolla of Rh. croceum nor the nearly sessile and sessile glands
of the ovary of Rh. Wardit.

The plant in unripe fruit gathered by Forrest in 1914 on the
Kari Pass and referred to Rh. croceum * may perhaps be this
species.

Rhododendron Macabeanum,; Watt MS.t (Grande.)

Tree as much as 15 m. high with short stem and brown bark
and bearing twisted more or less whorled ascending branches
forming a crowded dome. Branches thick when a year old
about 7.5 mm. in diameter densely tomentose with a chestnut-
brown indumentum, eglandular. Foliage-buds large oblong with
imbricate scales as is typical of the Grande series ; scale-leaves
eglandular the outermost ovate acuminate-caudate more or less
tomentose; intermediate rounded emarginate without tomentum;
ten ie Sad Actes or reddish. Leaves large petiolate

mu s 30 cm. long in rosettes of 4-5 at end of branches ;
esata thickly veatilery oblong-elliptic or somewhat rounded as
much as 27 cm. long 18 cm. broad, apex rounded emarginate
with a stiff mucro, margin cartilaginous somewhat flat, towards
the base narrowed somewhat truncately obtuse ; upper surface
dark green shagreened with a grooved midrib and about 14
impressed primary veins on each side, glabrous or sprinkled with
vestiges of juvenile tomentum ; under surface at first white or
greyish-white somewhat glossy clad with a compact smooth

* Notes: R-B.G, Edinis x eo , 95-
+ See p. 129 for explanatio
t Rhododendron Haden Watt MS.—Arbor ad 15 m. alta trunco brevi
corticeque brunneo. Ramuli crassi annotini circ. 7.5 mm. diam. dense spadiceo-
tomentosi eglandulosi. Alabastra magna oblonga eglandulosa. Folia magna
petiolata ad 30 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea oblongo-elliptica vel subrotun-

Gory
indumen strato uniformi PTR laevi subnitente oo postea opaca saepe

bra neae. ae
ovarium pilis albidis fasciatis compactis tomentosum; stylus glaber tenuis ;
stigma coccineum magnum discoideum undulatum. Capsula leviter curvata ad
4 cm. longa 1.5 cm. lata plus minusve tomentosa

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 129

uniform layer of indumentum of long stalked hairs with many
intertwining thread-like branches later opaque often becoming
blackish and more or less woolly tomentose on the surface through
the spreading of the tree-like branches of the indumentum hairs,
midrib and primary veins prominent ; petiole thick about 2.5
cm. long more or less tomentose. Flowers very many in a
compact umbel ro cm. in diameter; bracts broadly ovate or
rounded, outermost leathery emarginate glabrous outside, inner
ones abruptly acuminate reddened silky outside and inside ;
pedicels stout short about 1.5 cm. long whitely tomentose
eglandular very obliquely expanded below the calyx. Calyx
almost obsolete with irregular lobulation tomentose. Corolla
pale yellow or yellowish white tubular-campanulate from a
narrow base about 5 cm. long; tube with large purple spots at
base and purple striae about 3 cm. long pouched at base ; lobes
8 short imbricate rounded about 2 cm. broad emarginate undu-
late. Stamens 16 shorter than corolla; filaments glabrous ;
anthers brown. Gynaeceum shorter than corolla; ovary
tomentose with white compact fasciate hairs; style glabrous
slender ; stigma large scarlet undulate. Capsule slightly curved
about 4 cm. long 1.5 cm. in diameter more or less tomentose,
dehiscing by four compound separating valves each bearing 4
chambers.

Manipur. Japvo, Naga Hills. Alt. 8000-9500 ft. A large
tree covered with leaves only on the extremities of the ultimate
branches. Leaves a foot or more long broad obtuse apiculate
densely woolly below and white or with age becoming black.
Leaf-buds oblong with broad oval emarginate scales. Flower-
buds round as large as the fist with the inner bracts suddenly
apiculate or acuminate. Flowers large pale yellow not spotted.
Peduncle half inch long white hairy. Calyx a ring angled but
having white hairs. Corolla crumpled with 8 short broad undu-
late petals the bottom of tube with deep brown streaks. Stamens
16 opening in the deep brown anthers by large terminal pores
from which the pollen exudes in long strings sticking together.
Style terminal. Stigma large flat undulated scarlet. Ovary
covered with white wool. Named in honour of Mr. M‘Cabe, the
Deputy Commissioner who organised this excursion as many
others through his district. Watt. No. 6212. March 9, 1882.

Manipur. Ching Sow. Alt. 8500 ft. Branched distorted
tree. Bark brown. Stem with annular swellings a foot apart.
Flowers yellow forming large heads. Fruit bursting into
4 patches with gill-like plates. Leaves large woolly below in
whorls of 4 to 5 on ultimates of branches. Watt. No. 6511.
April 16, 1882.

Manipur. Japvo summit. Alt. 9800 ft. Rhododendron

130 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON,

found with fruit below, but a few in flower at summit ; former
collected. Large balls of flowers yellow white. Young leaves
erect white woolly below with large red bracts and scales forming
a curious feature of vegetation at thisseason. Watt. No. 6892.
May 18, 1882.

Manipur. Japvo, Naga Hills. Alt. 8000-9500 ft. Re-
gathered by my friend Dr. Conry, who reports that it was quite
out of flower in July, also RA. Elivottii—just three specimens in
flower. Leaves densely and softly tomentose or lanate. This
seems to me a remarkable form the leaves being much more
elliptic than in the Sikkim plant. Named in honour of the
Deputy Commissioner, Naga Hills, who accompanied me on my
first trip to the Naga Hills. Watt. No. 7334. July
22, 1882. [Mr. M‘Cabe was subsequently killed in the great
earthquake.—G. W., I915.]

In Sir George Watt’s Herbarium are four sheets of specimens
of this Rhododendron collected by him in Manipur, and which
he regarded as a variety of Rh. Falconert, Hook. f. and named
var. Macabeanum. It differs from Rh. Falconer1, Hook. f. ina
degree too great to allow of our looking upon it as a form of
that species. Prominent differences are :—The leaves want
the cordate base, the indumentum is composed of branching
stalked hairs not of cyathiform scales, the pedicels and ovary
are tomentose and altogether deficient in glands. The plant
is much more closely related to Rh. grande, Wight (the relation-
ship was recognised by Sir George Watt: see his interesting and
prescient comments quoted on pp. 131-32), but is not identical
with that species, differing in the broader leaves, in their ulti-
mately lanate indumentum, in the eglandular tomentose short
pedicels and ovary. As a distinct species of the Grande series
of Rhododendrons Rh. Macabeanum, Watt is of special interest
as a connecting link between the Sikkim and Bhutan Rh. grande,
Hook. f. and the Eastern Burmese and Yunnan Rh. sinogrande,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. To Rh. sinogrande, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
its resemblance is greater than to Rh. grande, Wight, but the
smaller leaves, the longer hairs of the indumentum ultimately
making the under surface of the leaves woolly, and the shortly
stalked flowers making a compact umbel are easily observed
diagnostic marks.

Sir George tells me that in the early eighties of last century
he sent home in manuscript descriptions of this and other species
along with his Manipur collections which were made use of to
some extent by Mr. C. B. Clarke for his paper ‘‘ On the Plants
of Kohima and Manipur,” published in the Journal of the
Linnean Society, xxv (1890). The novelties of Dr. Watt’s col-
lecting which had not been collected also by Mr. Clarke were not

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 131

included in the Linnean paper, and therefore some interesting
Manipur forms of Rhododendron have been unnoticed up till
now of which this is one. Sir George Watt has sent to me his
MS. of 1883 dealing with Rh. Macabeanum, Watt, and I give
its story here for an account of the species written shortly after
observation of it in its native habitat :—

“ Rhododendron Faiconert, Hook. fil., var. Macabeanum, nov.;
leaves elliptic not cordate nor obtuse but tapering, under surface
densely coated with long white soft felt ; flowers nearly twice
as large as in the type form of Falconert, beautiful bright yellow
(instead of creamy white) with large purple spots at the base
and ascending streaks ; stigma large bright scarlet (not green)
and undulated.

“ Japvo and the Barrail Range in the Naga Hills, and Ching
Sow and the higher Burmah-Manipur hills. Alt. 8000—g000 feet,
forming dense brushwoods often covering entirely the summits
of hills (7.e. summit of Japvo, etc.), rarely scattered through
other forests as in Sikkim but often associated with bushy
Rhododendrons.

“* A tree 40 to 50 feet in height with short stem soon branch-
ing into more or less whorled ascending branches forming a
crowded dome. Stem and branches having every foot or so
isolated annular swellings with a central groove as if they had
been formerly compressed and distorted by a climber. Leaves
large spreading in whorls of 4 to 5 not rough and granularly
ferruginous felted below (as in Falconert) but matted with deli-
cate soft white wool changing into a beautiful fulvous and ulti-
mately with age becoming quite black. Seedlings glabrous and
brown-coloured below, the felt commencing upon the veins of
the 3rd and 4th leaves and gradually spreading over the entire
surface.* Leaf-buds large erect $ foot long embraced by long
bright brown or red scales elongating and producing their leaves
in May immediately after the flowers have fallen. Flowers
2 inch long and 1} broad quite tubular with 8 short imbricating
broad undulate or crumpled and emarginate lobes. Bracts
broad ovate acuminate much shorter and more caducous than
in Falconeri. Stamens 16, anthers brown opening by terminal
pores and discharging masses of white pollen grains. Stigma
large undulated, scarlet. Ovary coated with white hairs as are
also the pedicels. Fruit 16-valved bursting into 4 plates lined
by the gill-like valves.

* Sir George Watt here notes a feature in the life of Rhododendrons which
has been generally overlooked by observers, namely, the late appearance
of indumentum upon the young plants, and its gradual spread over the surface
in successive leaves until the adult form shows the complete covering from the
first. (See Bot. Soc. Trans. Edin., xxvii (1917),'222.)

132 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

“T have been at a loss to know whether this remarkably
handsome tree should be regarded as distinct from Falconeri
or not. Having gathered the latter plant only a few months
ago in Sikkim I had no doubt in my mind whatever when I came
across Macabeanum on Japvo that it was quite distinct. The
dried specimens, however, approach each other so very much
that I have considered it advisable for the present to regard it
as but a variety of Hooker’s Sikkim plant which he named in
honour of the late Dr. Falconer.

“The discovery of Falconert or a nearly allied form so far
away from Sikkim must be viewed as a most interesting addition
to our knowledge of the Himalayan vegetation. An addition
which renews the ever-deepening feeling of disappointment at
the want of interest taken in Botanical Science in India. Whether
this curious tree of which Sir Joseph Hooker remarks, ‘ It is the
most striking and distinct of the genus,’ has been spread from
East Nepal and from the neighbourhood of Tonglo in West
Sikkim eastward through the vast and practically unexplored
Bhotan Himalayas, to the Naga Hills, must remain a problem
for the future to solve. We know now, however, that a most
interesting plant discovered in 1849, and which down to the
present date has been considered as confined to an extremely
limited area on the Singaleelah Range (in Sikkim and Nepal),
has its home in the Naga Hills and the lofty Burmah-Manipur
mountains forming alpine forests on numerous peaks within an
area of over 3000 square miles.

“ Griffith during his exploration of a portion of Bhotan
brought to light a large number of extremely interesting plants
which have practically been lost to Science. Most of these have
never since been rediscovered, of which R. grande is of interest
as being probably a form of Falconeri, which may prove the link
of connection with Macabeanum and help to explain the remark-
able distribution of Falconeri. Like grande the new species
which I have named Kingianum is also nearly allied to Falconeri,
connecting these with argenteum and Hodgsoni, and we may
thus fairly expect to find that not only are the Naga Hills and
the Northern Burmah-Manipur mountains the true home of
Falconert, but of the series to which we shall have to add other
names besides grande and Macabeanum and Kingianum.”

° Rhododendron Mackenzianum,* G. Forrest.+ (Stamineum.)

Shrub or tree as much as 12 m. high with red bole about
4 dm. in diameter and flaking bark ultimate branchlets straight

* To my friend Miss M‘Kenzie of Rangoon.—G. Forrest.

¢ Rhododendron Mackenzianum, G. Forrest—Frutex vel arbor ad 12 m
altus ramis virgatis annotinis griseis glabris circ. 2 mm. diam. vetustioribus

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 133

one or two at each branching annual growths I dm. more or
less in length about 2 mm. in diameter when a year old glabrous,

with white-grey bark not thickening much for some years dis-
tinctly nodulose at end of each year’s growth. Foliage-buds
elongated narrowly ovoid pointed with many scale-leaves, the
outer short ovate imbricate each slightly puberulous on back
and with a slightly denticulate margin the denticules sometimes
glandular-mucronulate and densely white puberulous around
the mucro, intermediate scale-leaves elongated oblong acute,
innermost scale-leaves dark brown submembranous narrowly
elongated lanceolate acuminate as much as 3 cm. long 6 mm.
broad slightly puberulous outside the margin ciliate at base
then towards apex denticulate and at tip densely clad with inter-
woven hairs often nearly glabrous ; young leaves revolute most
glabrous. Leaves petiolate as much as 15 cm. long in a cluster
of 5~7 at the end of the naked annual growth ; lamina of parch-
ment consistence lanceolate acuminate as much as 13 cm. long
4 cm. broad, terminated by an apiculate mucro, margin white
finely cartilaginous, base cuneate ; upper surface bright green
glossy most glabrous midrib grooved slightly pink-tinted,
primary veins many pinnately disposed as many as 16 on each
side ; under surface paler green mat most glabrous the pink-
tinted midrib prominent the primary veins very slightly raised ;
petiole about 1 cm. long grooved pink-tinted most glabrous.
Flowers strongly fragrant arranged in a fascicle of 1—flowered
inflorescences at end of shoot surrounding a terminal vegetative
bud, each partial inflorescence axillary the pedicel of its flower
enclosed during flowering by the persistent scale-leaves of the
flower-bud and by its persistent prophylls ; flower-bud slightly
sticky elongated pointed like the vegetative bud; outermost
sterile bracts somewhat crustaceous ovate or ovate-rounded
nodulosis. Alabastra elongata acuta pluri-perulata subglutinosa. Folia petio-
lata ad 15 cm. longa ad apicem ramulorum 5~7-aggregata; lamina pergamerrtacea

lanceolata acuminata ad 13 cm. longa 4 cm. lata mucronata, margine albo-cartila-
ginea, basi cuneata; supra laetevirens nitens glaberrima costa media sulcata ;
i im sta

foliorum ad apicem ramulorum ala sepoooans vege tativum _eepesiere ina.
SORE | ee, ser a “A

cincta : bracteae extimae perulis similes striatae puberulae , intimae submem
branaceae sh ea facie ultra 2 cm. longae acutae cucullatae margine

puberula. Discus viridis glaber. Gynaeceum corollam subaequans; ovarium
tenue cylindricum sursum paullo attenuatum truncatum glabrum circ. I cm.
longum ; stylus glaber; stigma discoideum latum lobulatum.

134 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

grey-brown longitudinally striate obtuse or acute densely
puberulous outside, intermediate elongated oblong or oval,
innermost membranous obovate-spathulate acute over 2 cm.
long broader above about 7 mm. across and there cucullate
puberulous outside, margin denticulate and glandular and with
“white hair-cilia at top ; bracteoles persistent as long as the inner-
most bracts membranous narrowly lanceolate above on a strap-
shaped stalk half as long as whole bracteole, glandular denticulate
in upper half and shortly hair-crested; pedicels stout thick
about 2.5 cm. long most glabrous dark green not dilated below
the calyx. Calyx fleshy dark-coloured glabrous not I cm. long
with an undulate lip. Corolla fleshy lilac-pink with green
blotch posteriorly as much as 6.5 cm. long with a long funnel-
shaped tube half the length of the corolla expanding into a con-
cave more open hardly spreading 5-lobed limb, glabrous both
outside and inside ; lobes of the limb broad rounded as much as
3 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad. Stamens Io unequal aggregated
around the style slightly longer than the narrow portion of corolla-
tube ; filaments shortly puberulous towards the base. Disk
dark green glabrous. Gynaeceum about as long as the corolla ;
ovary thin dark green about 1 cm. long cylindric but narrowed
to the truncate top glabrous; style long glabrous tip upward
turned ending in a broad discoid lobulate stigma.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° N. Alt.
10,000 ft. In dense mixed and pine forest. Shrub of 12-20 ft.
Flowers fleshy, white, flushed rose slightly exterior, interior
lower base green ; strongly fragrant. G. Forrest. No. 16,III.
April 1918. :

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° N. Alt.
gooo ft. In thickets and mixed forests. Shrub of 8-16 ft.
Flowers fragrant, soft purplish-rose, deepest in bud, with tints
of carmine in it and with a aherrmon ist blotch on under side
interior towards base. G. Forrest. No. 17,819.

W. Yunnan. Western flank of fhe N’Maikha-Salween
divide. Lat. 26° N. Alt. go00-10,000 ft. In open thickets.
Flowers rose, tube very deep purple blotched yellowish-green,
fragrant. G. Forrest. No. 17,832.

N.E. Burma. Hpyepatt Pass. Langyang Pass. Hpimaw.
Alt. 7500 ft. Open places of the forest. Forms a fine tree with
a bare bold bole like a Scots pine but red with flaking bark.
Can attain 40 ft. with diameter of 15 inches. Very floriferous in
solid rounded masses of blossoms in full beauty at Hpimaw by
April 6. Flowers very pale lilac pink with deeper centre and
brownish tinge in throat of upper segment, and intensely fragrant.
Purpled exterior of tube showing through. R. Farrer. No. 8or.
April 6, 1919.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 135

Rh. Mackenzianum belongs to a group of Rhododendrons
characterised by straight yearly growths often of some length,
the very glabrous leaves produced in a rosette at the end of
each yearly growth persisting for two or more years and thus
false whorls of leaves clothe the branches ; flowers produced
in lateral trusses fascicled at the end of the shoots around a
terminal vegetative bud; corolla with a narrow funnel-shaped
base and a 5-lobed limb, the lobes usually half the length of
the whole corolla; stamens with thin filaments; ovary long
narrow ending in a long usually exserted style. Several species
have been described which show more or less the characters
named. They are :—

Rh. Cavaleriet, Lévl. Kweichow : Pinfa.
Rh, Chaffanjonii, Lévl. Kweichow : Kouy Yang.
Rh, Esquiroliu, Lévl. Kweichow : Gan Chouen.
Rh, Feddei, Lévl. Kweichow : Pinfa.
Rh, Hancockii, Hemsl. S. Yunnan: Mengtsz.
Rh. Henryi, Hance. Kwantung: North River.
Rh, Latoucheae, Franch. Fokien: Kuatun.
Rh. Mackenzianum, ee Forrest. W. Yunnan, N.E. ih ey Burma.
Rh. moulmeinense, Lower Burma : Moulmei
Rh, eine Balf “f et W.W. W. Yunnan: Hills N. of Teng-
yueh.
Rh. aden, Franch. S. Yunnan: between Muongle and
eu-ma-tsi.
Rh. pittosporaefolium, Hemsl. W. Hupeh : desi district.
h. stamense, Diels. ek et Ba
Rh. stamineum, Franch. EB. Vicia ig rer -fong-chan.
Rh, stenaulum, Ball. f. et W. W. W. Yunnan: Divide between Pu-
Sm piao and Yung Chang valleys.
Rh. T utcherae, Hemsl. et Wils. S. Yunnan: Mengtsz.
Rh, Westlandii, Hemsl. Kwantung: Lantao Island.
Rh. Wilsonae, Hemsl. et Wils. Hupeh.

There will be several new species to add to this list when the
material collected by Forrest and others has been fully worked
up. I hope to be able soon to publish an account of the group,
when the limitations and relationships of the species will be
discussed.

No one of the members of this group is likely to be a hardy
species. It is essentially one of Central and South China, of
N.E. Upper Burma, and of S. Burma. Rh. Mackenzianum is
one of the most beautiful and is allied to Rh. stenaulum, but
distinguishable by its bright green very glossy foliage, the
narrower leaves with long acuminate points, the shorter pedicels
and larger flowers. In the Gardeners’ Chronicle, Ser. 3, Ixv.
(r919), 302, Mr. Farrer describes and figures the plant under
his field number 8or.

ust

136 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rhododendron Meddianum,* G. Forrest.t (Thomsoni.)

Shrub barely 2 m. high with stout branches. Branches of
the year stiff purple with glaucous bloom glabrous about 3 mm.
in diameter, year-old branches about 6 mm. in diameter brown
becoming ash-grey before decortication. Foliage-bud ovoid
pointed not nested ; outermost bud-scales half-foliage the base
rounded reddened the upper half or less green like foliage ;
intermediate rounded from acuminate to acute and mucronate
slightly keeled glabrous outside finely white-ciliate ; innermost
scales within the bud not sticky, at ae carried _ on the
elongating shoot, petiolate; young leaves in bud revolute.
Leaves petiolate as much as 12 cm. long ; ase thickly Saaticteg
oval or oblong-oval or oblong sometimes a little broader above
the middle as much as ro cm. long 4.5 cm. broad apex rounded
somewhat trunculate or retuse with a thick tuberculate mucro,
margin cartilaginous, base obtuse or rounded not cordulate ;
upper surface ash-grey with a thin pellicle of wax removable by
a solvent (such as benzole) when there is exposed a green foveo-
late surface, midrib slightly pink and shallowly grooved, primary
veins some 10-12 on each side slightly prominent ; under surface
bronzed green glabrous, midrib and primary veins pink and
raised, older leaves showing a raised ultimate reticulum of
venation (perhaps result of drying) ; petiole broad as much as
2 cm. long glaucous and purple glabrous grooved above. In-
florescence a 5-7-flowered terminal umbel; innermost bracts
red-brown membranous broadly spathulate as much as 3.5 cm.
long 1 cm. broad whitely ciliate ; bracteoles filiform as long as
the pedicels glabrous but for a long white hair-crest ; pedicels
about xr cm. long stout glabrous reddish expanding into the

* In compliment to George Medd, Esq., Agent I.F. Company, Bhamo, Upper
Burma, to whom I am indebted for much assistance.—G. FORREST

+ Rhododendron Meddianum, G. Forrest.—Frutex vix 2 m. vhs Rami
hornotini glauco-purpurei eglandulosi, annotini circ. 6 mm. diam. epunctulati.
Alabastra roseo-tincta perulis ciliatis. Folia petiolata ad 12 cm. longa; lamina
ovalis vel oblongo-ovalis vel oblonga ad 10 cm. longa 4.5 cm. lata apice rotundata
mucronata, margine cartilaginea, basi obtusa vel rotundata; supra grisea cerae
pellicula vestita ; subtus aeneo-viridis glaberrima costa media venisque primariis
erubescentibus ; petiolus ad 2 cm. longus ruber glaberrimus. Flores in umbellam
5~-7-floram dispositi ; _ bracteae intimae submembranaceae = spathulatae

ongi validi glauco-purpurei glaberrimi. Calyx ad 6 mm. longus cupularis

corolla breviora; filamenta glabra. Discus glaber. Gynaeceum corolla paullo
brevius ; ovarium conoideum truncatum sulcatum glaberrimum ; stylus glaber.
Capsula cylindrica circ. 2 cm. longa 7 mm, diam. glaberrima. Semina pallida
complanata elongata circ. 3 mm. longa.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 137

dark cup of the calyx. Calyx conspicuous crimson cup-shaped
about 6 mm. long glabrous fleshy 5-lobed; lobes about twice
length of cup subequal rounded as much as 7 mm. broad entire
or slightly denticulate glabrous. Corolla tubular-campanulate
about 6 cm. long fleshy deep crimson with many dark oblong
spots on posterior three petals and a darker almost median
blotch on middle one glabrous inside and outside ; tube at the
base 5-pouched retuse, pouches dark crimson inside separated
by 5 imperfect interpetaline folds, expanding above into a broad
5-lobed limb; lobes rounded emarginate crenulate about 1.5
cm. long 2:5 cm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than
corolla, longest about 4 cm. long reaching to base of corolla-
lobes with dark anther about 3 mm. long, shortest about 2 cm.
long with anther about 2 mm.; filaments pale yellow (?) widened
to base glabrous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about equal to
or a little shorter than corolla longer than stamens ; ovary about
5 mm. long conoid truncate grooved glabrous ; style glabrous
slightly expanded at apex below the narrow lobulate stigma.
Capsule cylindric slightly curved about 2 cm. long, 7 mm. in
diameter glabrous slightly glaucous more or less encircled by
the reddened enlarged somewhat hardened persistent calyx
dehiscing from apex by 5 valves. Seeds pale brown flattened
striate oblong about 3 mm. long winged and with a crest at
each end.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt.
10,000-11,000 ft. Open rhododendron scrub. Shrub of 4-6 ft.
Flowers deep crimson fleshy. G. Forrest. No. 15,767. June
1917.

: pest Without precise locality. Duplicate in fruit.
G. Forrest. No. 16,037. Nov. 1917.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt.

10,000-11,000 ft. Duplicate of 1917. G. Forrest. No. 17,703.

W. Yunnan. Without precise locality. Duplicate in fruit.
G. Forrest. No. 17,729. Oct. 1918.

A splendid plant of the Thomsoni series. Forrest obtained
abundance of seed and the plant will be therefore soon
in cultivation. Under Rh. eclecteum, Balf. f. et Forrest
(see p. 108), which is the nearest ally of our species, I have
pointed out that Rh. Meddianum may be regarded as a
southern representative of the phylum which appears in the
north as Rh. eclectewm. First observation is apt to lead to the
opinion that the two species are more alike than they really
are, and this because in both the upper surface of the some-
what similarly shaped foliage-leaves is clad with a grey pellicle
of wax and this catches the eye at once. The differences

yan?

138 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

between them are, however, many and the more prominent
are tabulated here :—

Rh. Meddianum., Rh. eclecteum.

Young stems eglandular Young stems glandular.
Foliage-buds not nest-buds not Foliage- buds nest - buds very
sticky inside, perulae ciliate. sticky inside, perulae eciliate.
on Range more oval and Foliage-leaves obovate (pear out-

long not markedly ble line) occasionally oblong, cor-
Ay a or rounded at bas dulate at base.
Inflorescence a 5 oy flowered um- Inflorescence a I2- or more-
bel. flowered racemose umbel
Pedicels about 1 cm. long. Pedicels 2 cm. lon
Ovary glabrous. Ovary glandular.

Of the first series of specimens collected by Forrest of this
plant all save a few, reserved as duplicate forms from the sending
to Europe, were lost in a steamer which was torpedoed on the
way home.

Rhododendron megaphyllum, Balf. f. et Forrest.* (Fal-
coneri.)

Robust shrub as much as g m. high with stout branches.
Branches a year old I cm. or more in diameter surface brown
tomentose, the tomentum persisting more or less for several
years. Foliage-buds unknown. Leaves petiolate as much as
20 cm. long; lamina obovate sometimes approaching elliptic but
always wider above the middle often fiddle-shaped narrower or
broader as much as 18 cm. long 12 cm. broad, apex often re-
curved rounded sometimes subtruncate slightly emarginate the
sinus occupied by a rounded red tuberculate mucro, margin
broadly cartilaginous entire not recurved or slightly so, base
wedge-shaped or obtuse or rounded sometimes showing an
abrupt narrowing towards the base prolonged as a narrow wing

nd uae gaat iia deter gniate Balf. f. et Forrest-——Frutex robustus ad
ae :

sulcatus. Flores in racemo-umbellam circ. 20-floram dispositi rhachi tomentosa ;

ius ; ula
stylus sub stigmate discoideo late clavatus. psula curvata pilis Spaiticcis
plus minusve vestita. Semina complanata arillata.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 139

along the petiole; upper surface dark green mat somewhat
rugulose and shagreened, midrib raised at base slightly grooved
upwards, primary veins 12 or a few more on each side slightly
grooved spreading from midrib at an obtuse angle often approach-
ing a right angle curving slightly upwards, surface especially
midrib and veins showing greyish vestiges of a juvenile cob-
webbed indumentum ; under surface cinnamon-brown the mid-
rib raised black-purple, the primary veins also raised, the whole
surface clad with a bistrate indumentum, the upper stratum of
cup-shaped stalked brown hairs with a bell-shaped base to the
cup, the stalk stout many-celled, the cup-walls of isodiametric
cells, the margin prolonged into a few acuminate lobes not fringed,
midrib usually devoid of these cup-hairs, the whole stratum per-
sistent or more or less deciduous, the under stratum of rosette
white hairs with short stalks and vesicular branches agglutinating
into a crustaceous skin under the upper stratum and becoming
exposed as a grey-white surface if the upper stratum falls ; petiole
as much as 2.5 cm. long cylindric not grooved coated with indu-
mentum like the stem the under white stratum persisting more
or less, slightly winged by the decurrent lamina. Inflorescence
a racemose umbel with brown tomentose rhachis about 3 cm.
long, flowers as many as 20 in the truss, flower-bud globose ;
bracts outer sterile ones nearly rotundate thick often thinner at
margin leathery imbricate, inner fertile bracts oblong or oblong-
spathulate or obovate-spathulate rounded towards top and
apiculate outside densely coarsely silky, inside finely silky
towards the top; bracteoles linear very short about 5 mm. long
densely pilose outside and hair-crested; pedicels somewhat
unequal as much as 4 cm. long elongating in fruit densely clothed
with a pinkish woolly indumentum of much branched long inter-
locking hairs, swollen at top below the calyx and there oblique.
Calyx very small densely clad like the pedicel showing 8 very
short triangular teeth. Corolla yellow with crimson or rose base
obliquely eampanulate the posterior side convex slightly longer
as much as 4.5 cm. long set on obliquely nearly at night angles
to axis of pedicel ; tube very slightly pouched at base glabrous
inside and outside; limb 8-lobed; lobes imbricate short and
broad about 8 mm. long 1.4 cm. broad emarginate. Stamens
16 unequal, shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about
2.5 cm. long, shortest about 1.8 cm. long ; filaments slightly
widened at base glabrous ; anthers elliptic about 3.5 mm. long.
Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long a little shorter
than corolla on its anterior side; ovary ovoid truncate about
8 cm. long grooved 10-11-locular eglandular enwrapped in a
pinkish thick soft woolly tomentum of compactly arranged
fasciate hairs, the stalks of the hairs long many-celled, the

Ao!

140 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

branches thick-walled unicellular pointed ; style glabrous much
dilated below the lobulate broad discoid stigma. Capsule
cylindric slightly sickle-shaped about 2 cm. long I cm. in
diameter more or less clad with bright brown fasciate hairs,
dehiscing by valves of 1 or more carpels. Seeds flat dark brown
oblong as much as 3 mm. long I mm. across with a lateral wing-
aril, a large chalazal membranous crest, the funicular end only
slightly produced often pointed.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt.
11,000 ft. Inrhododendron forest. Shrub of 10-20 ft. Flowers
yellow with a faint flush of rose at base. G. Forrest. No.
17,650. June 1918.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt.
11,000 ft. In rhododendron forest. Shrub of 30 ft. Flowers
yellow tinged crimson at base. G. Forrest. No. 17,678.
June 1918.

W. Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Alt. 11,000 ft.
Duplicate of 1912-17. G. Forrest. No. 17,691. May 1918.

Yunnan. Duplicate in fruit. G. Forrest. No. 16,036.
Nov. I917.

Yunnan. Duplicate in fruit. G. Forrest. No. 17,769.
Oct. 1918.

A species of the Falconeri series nearly allied to Rh. basilicum,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., from which its smaller leaves campanulate
slightly fringed not funnel-shaped fringed cup-hairs of the indu-
mentum of the under-leaf surface and the to-r1-locular not
13-15-locular ovary distinguish it.. Capsule only about 2 cm.
long not 4 cm

Like Rh. basilicum it has a persistent cinnamon-coloured
indumentum, the surface of which is somewhat spongy, show-
ing the mouths of the funnel-shaped cup-hairs embedded in
the few short marginal branches of the cup. The cup-hairs
readily separate not being held together by an nha aeNe of
branch hairs.

Rhododendron megeratum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.t (Boothii.)
Shrub about half a metre high with straight at first red then
chestnut-brown coloured branches of short annual erowelis

* ueyroatoc, passing lovely.
| Rhododendron megeratum, Balf. f. et Forrest —Frutex nanus ad .5 m. altus.

subtrunculata ; supra laete viridis glabra subnitens ; subtus griseo-alba illis
ceriferis baculiformibus vestita et squamulis aurantiacis ae inae-
qualibus in foveis depressis discontigue lepidota ; petiolus rubescens c’

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. ‘I41

about 3 cm. long occasionally showing longer virgate shoots.
Branches of the year densely bristly elepidote yet with here and
there a scale, about I.5 mm. in diameter girt at the base by per-
sistent outer brown scale-leaves, older twigs becoming blackish
grey and decorticating in third or fourth year, the outer foliage-
bud-scales persisting and marking base of successive annual
growths for two or three years. Foliage-buds small ovoid ; outer-
most scale-leaves broadly ovate or rounded-oval crustaceous
sparingly lepidote outside keeled mucronulate, margin
densely whitely ciliate at top; intermediate scale-leaves more
oblong ; innermost scale-leaves membranous carried up on
elongating shoots oblong-oval pointed about 1.5 cm. long 6 mm.
broad sparingly lepidote and sticky outside more or less setulose,
young leaves conduplicate-convolute. Leaves petiolate as much
as 4 cm. long persistent for two or more years ; lamina leathery
oval or oblong-oval as much as 3.3 cm. long under 2 cm. broad
obtuse with a short deflexed tuberculate greenish-yellow mucro,
margin thickly cartilaginous recurved usually bristly or crenulate
from scars of fallen bristles, base rounded or somewhat truncate ;
upper surface bright green somewhat glossy obscurely coarsely
shagreened, midrib grooved glabrous except at very base where
puberulous and with a few bristles, primary veins some 6-7 on each
side hidden ; under surface bright grey-white with raised whitish
yellow sparingly lepidote midrib, the primary veins concealed,
all over clad with long rod-like epidermal wax-forming papillae
and lepidote with brownish or orange-coloured unequal dis-
contiguous peltate scales sunk in the leaf-pits and overlapped
more or less by the wax-forming papillae, the scales with swollen
convex glistening disk distance between the stales greater than
their diameter, about 6-7 scales in a sq. mm.; petiole reddish
brown about 7 mm. long bristly all over and especially below,
grooved and puberulous in groove, lepidote amongst the bristles
below. Flowers solitary terminal; flower-bud ovoid the last
leaf of the year’s shoot adpressed to the bud and becoming leaf-
scale-like ; outer bracts rounded and with an acute tip keeled
reddened above sometimes lepidote on back when exposed with
longus lepidotus setulosus. Flores solitarii terminales; bracteolae lineares circ.
1.3 cm. longae pedicello longiores ; pedicelli stricti erecti circ. 1 cm. longi bracteis

rubrae 5mm.longae. Discus puberulus. Gynaeceumad1 cm, lon aan ovarium

tasiforme circ. 3 mm. longum truncatum sulcatum, squamulis stipitatis albidis
carnosulis se obsitam ; stylus validus brevis basi lepidotus ea apice
clavatus. Cabbie ovoidea calyce saepe rubro inclusa, valvis 5 dehiscen

142 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

a few peziza-like glistening orange scales, margin shortly whitely
ciliate ; inner bracts about 1 mm. long clasping the pedicel and .
persisting as a sheath round it even until fruit is formed ; brac-
teoles about 1.3 cm. long longer than pedicel linear pilose and
white-hair-crested elepidote ; pedicel red-tinted densely bristly
elepidote barely 1 cm. long not swollen below the calyx. Calyx
large foliaceous membranous about 1 cm. long campanulate
yellowish outside glabrous divided to middle or beyond into 5
subequal rounded crenulate lobes about 1 cm. broad with fan-
spreading veins eciliate. Corolla fleshy yellow open cup-shaped-
campanulate about 2 cm. long lepidote outside with glistening
scales glabrous inside, at the base forming a wide short
tube slightly compressed laterally expanding into a broad
5-lobed limb; lobes broad imbricate about I cm. long 1.5
cm. broad. Stamens Io subequal, five a very little shorter than
the other five all shorter than corolla; filaments fleshy stout
dilated downwards naked at very base above that villous to
mouth of basal narrower part of corolla ; anthers oblong orange-
red about 5 mm. long. Disk puberulous below the ovary.
Gynaeceum about I cm. long shorter than stamens; ovary
dome-shaped truncate grooved about 3 mm. long densely clad
with white mushroom-like somewhat succulent stalked scales ;
style stout slightly decurved with some white scales at the
base broadened into a clavate tip below the lobulate stigma.
Capsule ovoid with style persistent until dehiscence lepidote
outside completely enclosed in the persistent slightly enlarged
somewhat hardened striate often red calyx, dehiscing to base
by 5 valves.

N.W. Yunnan. Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat.
27° 40’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. On ledges of cliffs. Shrub
of 2 ft. [In fruit.) G. Forrest. No. 12,942. Aug. 1914.

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.) Duplicate in mature
fruit. G. Forrest. No. 13,574. Oct. 1914. .

N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 20’ N.
Alt. 12,000 ft. On boulders and ledges of cliffs. Shrub of 1-2 ft.
Flowers bright yellow. G. Forrest. No. 14,059. June 1917.

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.] G. Forrest. No.

.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28°. Alt.
I0,000-11,000 ft. Duplicate. G. Forrest. No. 16,558.

Yunnan. [Without precise locality.} G. Forrest. No.
17,352. Duplicate in fruit. Oct. 1918.

A lovely species of the affinity of Rh. sulfureum, Franch. In
the dried specimens the bright green of the upper-leaf surface
and the grey-white of the under surface combined with the bright

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 143

yellow of the flower are a pleasing colour-blend, and as the plant
is a dwarf with abundance of close-set foliage it should be an
effective rock-garden plant. To my eyeit is in the dried specimen
one of the most charming of the dwarf Rhododendrons which
Forrest has collected. Those who have flowered Rh. sulfureum,
Franch. in cultivation obtain a suggestion of our plant from it.
But Rh. megeratum is smaller leaved and the grey-white under
leaf is much brighter and the flowers are larger.

40% Rhododendron nakotiltum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+

Shrub about 3.5 m. high with stout branches. Branchlets a
year old about 5 mm. in diameter bright green and sprinkled with
whitish and reddish floccose branched hairs, older branches purple
glabrescent. Foliage-leaf buds unknown. Leaves petiolate as
much as 13.5 cm. long; lamina oblong or obovate-oblong or
somewhat oval-lanceolate about 11 cm. long and 3.5 cm. broad,
apex somewhat beaked ending in a short horny mucro, margin
cartilaginous almost flat, base broadly obtuse; upper surface
opaque dark green shagreened (when dry) more or less clad
with vestigial floccose hairs, midrib grooved lined with floccose
hairs primary veins about 12 on each side hardly visible ; under
surface buff-coloured covered everywhere with indumentum
obscuring the venation excepting the midrib, rosette-hairs of
the indumentum of two forms, small persistent white with
prostrate broad short vesicular branches, larger with long
ascending vesicular thinner branches forming an upper more

* yaxoTtiAToc, pate pr wool plucked off—in allusion to the fall of the
upper stratum of indumentum.
t+ Rhod odendron achat, Balf. f. et Forrest. —Frutex ad 3.5 m. altus ramis

pilis indumenti rosulatis strati superi d latis vesi-
cularibus brunnescentibus, strati i nferi npoeecenny e Feat brevibus vesi-

circ. 1.5 mm. | s carnosulus 5-lobus; lobi rotundati aces label carpine
sparsim ciliati. Corolla pallide r kermesino-variculosa maculata ape:

campanulata circ. 3.5 cm. longa extus glabra intus sparsim puberula 5-loba ;
lobi lati circ. 1.2 cm. longi 2.2 cm. lati. amina 10 inaequalia corolla gynae-

: ceoque breviora ; filamenta dense puberula. Discus glaber. Gynaeceum corolla
brevius; ovarium cylindricum truncatum dense floccosum eglandulosum ;

stylus glabe

144 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

or less deciduous stratum and becoming brown, midrib elevated
less hairy and paler in colour; petiole bright green slightly
winged grooved above as much as 2 cm. long always more or
less clad with floccose hairs. Flowers 12-15 in a compact
terminal umbel ; bracts persistent at first flower-opening, outer
sterile thick crustaceously leathery chestnut-brown rounded-
ovate mucronate keeled inside densely glandular and puberulous
towards the top floccose, the glands capitate orange-coloured
short-stalked, outside furfuraceously puberulous at top and
over mucro red- or white-floccose; intermediate are mem-
branous and broadly ovate-oblong; inner fertile bracts long
spathulate nearly 4 cm. long and 1 cm. broad more or less
membranous, outside and inside densely covered with white
curled adpressed hairs, mucronate at the apex and there hair-
crested with red or white hairs; bracteoles filiform slightly
clavate at tip hairy from the base about 1.2 cm. long shorter
than pedicels; pedicels about 2 cm. long eglandular densely
floccose-pubescent. Calyx small about 1.5 mm. long fleshy cut
to near base into 5 rounded lobes which are glabrous on the
back and have a few marginal cilia. Corolla pale rose with a
posterior basal crimson blotch and a few crimson spots above it,
openly campanulate from the base about 3.5 cm. long slightly
oblique, outside glabrous, inside at base puberulous, 5-lobed ;
lobes short and broad about 1.2 cm. long and 2.2 cm. broad
emarginate and undulate. Stamens ro unequal shorter than
corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 2.4 cm. long with anthers
about 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.3 cm. long with anthers
2.5 mm. long; filaments stoutish dilated downwards and from
the base densely puberulous to above the ovary. Disk appa-
rently glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.8 cm. long shorter than
corolla; ovary about 5 mm. long cylindric truncate grooved
completely covered by an indumentum of floccose somewhat
fasciate reddish and uncoloured ascending adpressed hairs,
eglandular ; style glabrous pale-coloured slightly expanding
below the dark-coloured lobulate lipped stigma.

W.N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. In pine forests.
Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Flowers pale rose with
a blotch of crimson at base. G. Forrest. No. 14,060. June
IQI7.

One of these N.W. Yunnan Rhododendrons, with bistrate in-
dumentum on the under-leaf surface, which occupy a position in
the genus somewhere between the Lacteum series and the Roxie-
anum series. It sheds its upper stratum of indumentum leaving
the under stratum as a whitish layer. The prominent red
blotch at the base of the corolla is a distinguishing mark of the
species amongst its allies.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 145

Rhododendron planetum,* Balf. f.+
Shrub with stout branches. Branches a year old as much
as 7 mm. in diameter green more or less clad with a white detersile
indumentum of intricately interwoven long branching some-
what vesicular whitish hairs, older branches glabrous. Foliage-
buds ovoid somewhat glutinous ; outer scale-leaves broad semi-
lunate with smooth margin, followed by more ovate ones and
then oblong-oval ones, all more or less puberulous outside the
inner ones most so and sticky, the margins only sparsely ciliate
and with glutinous hairs; young leaves revolute. Leaves
petiolate as much as 22 cm. long; lamina leathery oblong or
elongated narrow oval as much as 20 cm. long 6 cm. broad obtuse
or subacute ending in a red tuberculate mucro, margin slightly
cartilaginous, base cuneate and extending as a distinct narrow
wing on each side of petiole to its base; upper surface bright
oe smooth glabrous save for the reddened narrowly grooved
rib which has vestiges of floccose hairs, primary veins some
20 on each side slightly grooved; under surface pale green
marked by the red-tinted reticulation of the ultimate submerged
veins, midrib reddened large prominent, primary veins reddened
slightly raised, whole surface sprinkled with vestiges of detersile
indumentum particularly at the base and along the side of the
midrib and along the primary veins, hairs of the indumentum
floccose and much branched often vesicular but also sebaceous
and especially on midrib glandular some branches ending in a
rounded or ovoid gland, also short-stalked glands occur inter-
mixed with the hairs, older leaves often appearing quite glabrous ;
petiole stout about 2 cm. long distinctly winged and grooved
(puberulous in groove) clad like the stem with indumentum
* TehePHE eS, wandering—in allusion to its appearance in cultivation as a
Cs rg
oe Rhododendron veto Balf. f—Frutex ramis crassis. Rami annotini
circ. 7 mm. diam. virides indumento tomentoso detersili plus eaeupen vestiti
demum glibreacented. Alabastra ovoidea glutinosa perulis puberulis extimis
i F m. lo

petiolata ; lamina coriacea eda eased vel oblonga ad 20 cm. longa or em,

spathulatae sericeae; bracteolae circ. 1.5 cm. longae pilo-cristatae ; pedicel

vix 2 cm. lon ngi glandulosi. Calyx pa arvus Vix 1 mm. longus glaber 5-lobatus ; lobi
semilunati. Corolla jibulif campanulata subregularis ad 5.5 cm. longa
pallide rosea emaculata glabra 7-loba ; lobi rotundati ema rginati circ. 1.2 cm.
longi 2.4 cm. lati, Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla gynaeceoque multo breviora ;

filamenta puberula ; antherae atro-coccineae. Discus viridis glaber. he
corolla paullo brevius ; ovarium glabrum latum ips circ. 5 mm. longum ;

tylus glaber; stigma latum discoideum lobulatum

146 BALFOUR—NEwW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

which is detersile and may leave the petiole glabrous. Flowers
in a terminal about 10-flowered umbel the rhachis hardly elon-
gated ; outer bracts rounded truncate mucronulate more or less
puberulous outside, inner bracts oblong-spathulate 3.5 cm. long
I cm. or more broad apiculate silky ; bracteoles about 1.5 cm.
long filiform with long wavy hairs from the base and at the top
densely clothed with straight erect hairs forming a hair-crest ;
pedicels under 2 cm. long green glandular with short-stalked
globose glands, not swollen below calyx. Calyx small about
i mm. long green or pink showing 5 half-moon-shaped lobes
glabrous or with an occasional gland. Corolla as much as 5.
cm. long funnel-shaped campanulate from the base pink often
showing deeper tinted interpetaline lines glabrous inside and
outside somewhat fleshy, at base of tube gibbous and retuse ;
limb expanding into 7 erect emarginate rounded lobes as much
as 1.2 cm. long 2.4 cm. broad. Stamens 14 unequal much
shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 3 cm. long
with anther 2.5 mm. long, shortest about 1.7 cm. long with
anther 1.5 mm.; filaments widened downwards puberulous
towards base; anthers black-crimson. Disk green glabrous.
Gynaeceum a little shorter than corolla; ovary broad dome-
shaped with rounded top not conspicuously grooved most
glabrous about 5 mm. long; style glabrous pink-tinted slightly
swollen below the broad discoid lobulate stigma.

Szechwan. Wilson.

Mr. J. C. Williams gives me the following history of this plant,
of which he has sent to me a specimen from Caerhays :—“‘ It
was a rogue which I found at Coombe Wood in a bed with the
label 1882. Harrow was quite certain it had no relationship
to any of his hybrids. I remember turning to them and going
over the bed to see if I could find anything like it and I was
unable to. I am unable to find anything like it here. As to
what 1882 was as regards the other plants I am unable to re-
member and only know that it seemed plain to me there was
no relationship direct or indirect between them. I have never
let this plant get out of touch with me since it came here.”’ Mr.
Williams gives the following copy of Wilson’s Field Note :—
“1882. Rhododendron. Bush 4-12 ft. Rose. Mts. Tatsienlu.
Leaves ovate-cordate’’; and adds the note, ‘‘in this case is not
in his handwriting.”’ 1882 isnot attached in Plantae Wilsonianae
to a Rhododendron. It is clear that the label copied by Mr.
Williams does not apply to Rh. planetum—the description of the
leaves of 1882 as ‘“‘ ovate-cordate”’ indicates a different plant.
I cannot match what Iam calling Rh. planetum with any known
species. The look of the foliage and flower-truss and flower
suggests the Decorum series. It has the long leaves of RA.

4)“ Rhododendron pothinum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 147

discolor, Franch. of that series and the funnel-shaped campanu-
late corolla that is typical of that series. But then it shows a
glabrous dome-shaped ovary and style and not the glandular
ovary which marks the Decorums. In this character of dome-
shaped glabrous ovary and glabrous style it is associated with
Rh. calophytum, Franch., and Rh. sutchuenense, Franch., and it
has the long leaves of these species with a detersile indumentum
on the lines of that of Rh. sutchuenense, though not just similar.
But it has a 7-lobed corolla of altogether different shape. Here
it is funnel-shaped campanulate erect with radiating subequal
lobes, in these two et the corolla is obliquely campanulate.
It seems to occupy a position between the true Decorums and
the group which includes rr ag calophytum and Rh. sutchuenense,
which two species come near the members of the Grande series,
different however in their glabrous ovary.

A shrub about 1 m. high with twiggy thin slightly nodular
branches about 2 mm. in diameter when a year old and then
red and covered with red bristles, annual growths usually short
bearing rosette-clusters of some 5-8 leaves, scale-leaves of the
foliage-buds falling early, bristles sometimes falling early
eaving scars but usually some persistent for several years on
the grey surface. Foliage-buds narrow fusiform pointed ;
outermost scale-leaves crustaceous rounded at base with an
acuminate tail or apiculus about 5 mm. long, followed by longer
oblong oboval ones all keeled slightly puberulous outside and
with dense hair-covering at the mucro, more or less ciliate ;
innermost scale-leaves greenish-yellow membranous oblong-
spathulate about 1.5 cm. long 4 mm. broad rounded at top
mucronate ciliate; young leaves revolute in bud sparingly
floccose on upper surface glabrous on under surface save for
some hairs on midrib. Leaves shortly petiolate as much as 7.5

* noOwdc, much desired—as a plant for our gardens.

+ Rhododendron pothinum, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex ad 1 m.altus. Ramu

3.5 cm. longa coccinea emaculata glabra ; lobi 5 rotundati emarginati. Stamina

1o corolla multo breviora; filamenta glabra. Discus glaber. Gynaeceum

corolla rae oy opens paulo so age ovarium ad 4 mm. longum petasiforme

truncatum cOso > fomentosum ; stylus glaber. Capsula
2 1 4 te nadia + }

cylindrica circ. I cm. longa P yce aucto

148 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

cm. long ; lamina thinly leathery oblong-oval or oboval as much
as 7 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad, apex obtuse or rounded with a short
projecting red tuberculate mucro, margin cartilaginous plane
or slightly recurved sometimes roughened and with an occasional
bristle towards base, base obtuse; upper surface mat olive-
green smooth glabrous save grooved midrib which may have
some floccose hairs at base and some red bristles, primary veins
some 7 or 8 on each side concealed ; under surface grey green
marked by the red veinlets of the ultimate venation, glabrous
or with some whitish or reddish floccose hairs on elevated often
red midrib and hardly raised primary veins sometimes also a
few red bristles on midrib and veins particularly at the base ;
petiole reddened about 5 mm. long grooved bearing red bristles
often densely covered by them. Flowers in a terminal 4~—5-
flowered umbel; bracts and bracteoles falling as the flowers
open ; pedicels red about 1 cm. long rarely longer densely floccose
with long stalked flocks with erect branches eglandular, swollen
at the top. Calyx bright red conspicuous with a darker crimson
cup, about 3 cm. long divided to base or near it into 5 rounded
somewhat unequal slightly fleshy lobes broader than long about
equal to cup in length glabrous outside floccose-ciliate persistent.
Corolla deep crimson without spots slightly more darkly blotched
at base posteriorly campanulate about 3.5 cm. long somewhat -
fleshy at base and 5-gibbous with faint interpetaline ridges in-
side, glabrous outside and inside; lobes large rounded about
1.5 cm. long 2 cm. broad emarginate. Stamens to slightly
unequal longest about 2.2 cm. long shortest about 1.8 cm.
long shorter than corolla and gynaeceum ; filaments slightly
dilated downwards glabrous ; anthers about 2 mm. long. Disk
glabrous. Gynaeceum not 2.5 cm. long shorter than corolla
slightly longer than stamens ; ovary stout dome-shaped deeply
grooved truncate about 4 mm. long tomentose with long stalked
freely branched fasciate floccose hairs eglandular ; style glabrous
stout dilated below the lobulate stigma. Capsule a little over
1 cm. long cylindric bristly or warted by scars of bristles, through
more than half its length enclosed in accrescent brown leathery
calyx, dehiscing to base from apex by 5 woody valves.

.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Doker-la. Mekong-Salween
divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. On open
bouldery slopes. Shrub of 2~3 ft. Flowers deep crimson.
G. Forrest.. No. 16,702. June 1918.

Rh. pothinum in dried specimens gives all the promise of a
bright garden plant deserving the name that is attached to it.

The species is a near ally of Rh. eudoxum, Balf. f. et Forrest,
and comes from the same region of S.E. Tibet. The similarity
in general appearance of the plants in dried specimens is so great

Bond

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON,. 149

that at sight one might assume that they were the same, but
careful examination of them brings out so many differences that
their specific union is not justifiable. A prominent feature of
difference is the bristly covering of the stems when well developed
in kh. pothinum, a covering which spreads up on to the petiole
and the base of the leaves. The bristles often are so many as
to make the surface quite shaggy and yet in other cases they are
so few as to be found with difficulty. With these bristles
there are no glands. In Rh. eudoxum on the other hand this
bristliness is never very marked and may disappear, but there
are always glands which are not found on the stem or petiole
of Rh. pothinum. Then the underleaf surface of Rh. pothinum
wants the indumentum of Rh. eudoxum, and other points of
difference are the shorter eglandular pedicels of Rh. ipa
its smaller calyx with lobes glabrous outside and tiegee
fringed, its unspotted corolla, glabrous stamens, gynaeceum
much shorter than the corolla, tomentose eglandular ied
and stouter style.

Other species with which Rh. pothinum is allied are Rh.
temenium, Balf. f. et Forrest and Rh. trichomiscum, Balf. f. et
Forrest. See p. 160.

Rhododendron preptum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.t (Falconeri.)
Tree with stout branches as much as 5 cm. in diameter when
a year old densely tomentose the tomentum persisting more or
less for several years. Leaves petiolate as much as 18 cm. long ;
lamina thickly leathery wider above the middle elongated-
obovate as much as 16 cm. long 7 cm. broad, rounded at apex
and with a prominent red-tipped mucro over I mm. long, margin
cartilaginous plane slightly undulate, base obtuse ; upper surface

amoentoc, distinguished—in eee to its large leaves and flower-truss.
see

stylus glaber crassus sub stigmate discoideo lobulato recurvo expansus

150 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

mat olive-green glabrous slightly rugulose not shagreened midrib
grooved often purpled, primary veins some Io-II on each side
slightly grooved; under surface everywhere clad with a pale
buff-coloured bistrate indumentum the raised midrib and primary
veins also forming a non-scintillating somewhat woolly layer,
upper stratum more or less detersile composed of long stalked
narrow funnel-shaped cups, the stalk many-celled giving off a
few branches, the cup also giving off branches from the sides
outside hardly forming a rim and deliquescing into many twisted
branches, the branching so free as sometimes to obscure the
cup form, under stratum of rosette-hairs with short stalk and
spreading thin-walled vesicular agglutinate branches forming a
white persistent crust under the upper stratum and exposed
when the latter falls ; petiole stout about 2 cm. long 4 mm. in
diameter purple and clad with remains of an indumentum like
that of underleaf surface. Flowers in a terminal racemose
umbel about 20-flowered, rhachis more or less tomentose about
3.5 cm. long ; pedicels not exceeding 2 cm. in length 1.5 mm. in
diameter densely tomentose slightly brown-tinted, at top set
on very obliquely to flower. Calyx saucer-shaped small about
1.5 mm. long densely tomentose like the pedicel with short
marginal teeth acute or obtuse. Corolla obliquely campanulate
fleshy barely 3.5 cm. long on convex side, creamy white with a
deep basal crimson blotch darkest on 3 or 4 posterior petals,
slightly pouched and retuse at base glabrous outside and inside
8-lobed ; lobes rounded or somewhat truncate and retuse about
I cm. long 1.4 cm. broad. Stamens 16 unequal much shorter
than corolla and gynaeceum ; filaments slightly expanded down-
wards puberulous ; anthers pale about 3 mm. long. Disk small
glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long a little shorter than
corolla; ovary conoid truncate grooved densely tomentose
with fasciate erect closely packed hairs slightly brown-tinted ;
style short glabrous expanded at top into a broad discoid
lobulate recurving stigma.

Upper Burma. N’Maikha-Salween divide. Lat.
26° 20" N. Alt. 11,000 ft. In bamboo and mixed scrub.
Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers almost gone, yellowish-white or
pale yellow with a crimson blotch at base. G. Forrest.
No. 18,034. May rgr19.

A species of the Falconeri series finding its nearest ally in
Rh. galactinum, Balf. {.,* collected by Wilson in Szechwan (RA.
lacteum, Rehd. et Wils., in Pl. Wilsonianae, i (1913), 545 in part).

* This plant is Wilson’s No. 4254, and is in cultivation but has not yet flowered.
Until we have flowers an adequate description is not possible, and the name has
been attached to the plant in gardens for convenience of reference and distinction

from Rh. lacteum, Franch., and Rh. fictolacteum, Balf. f. (See Trans. Bot. Soc.
Edin., xxvii (1916), 104.)

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. I5I

Of Rh. galactinum flower is as yet unknown and the flowers in
Forrest’s specimen of Rh. preptum are few. It is impossible
therefore to make a precise comparison of the two species. But
whilst their indumentum hairs are much alike and the surfaces
upper and under of the leaves have a close resemblance, the form
of the leaf at once separates the species. In Rh. preptum the
leaf is always broadest above the middle, in Rh. galactinum at
the middle—in Rh. preptum they are oblong-obovate or oblong-
lanceolate, in Rh. galactinum oblong-ovate.

» Rhododendron protistum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. (Grande.)

Robust shrub reaching 9 m. in height. Branches thick when
a year old as much as I cm. in diameter tomentose with a dense
yellowish-grey tomentum of intricately branched : long hairs

large petiolate as much as 45 cm. long; lamina thinly leathery
lanceolate or oblanceolate as much as 40 cm. long 13 cm. broad
many smaller, apex obtuse with a short prominent mucro,
margin broadly cartilaginous slightly undulate flat, narrowed
to a broadly cuneate base and there slightly decurrent on petiole ;
upper surface dark green mat rugulose glabrous but coated with
a thin dirty grey scurf as if vestiges of a juvenile indumentum,
midrib grooved from the base, primary veins as many as 26 on
each side at first spreading from midrib at a wide angle often
nearly horizontal then curving upwards towards margin ; under
surface opaque green but veiled by a thin stratum of white
cobwebbed hairs mixed with rosette-hairs, at base and margin of
leaf often forming a grey-white complete indumentum, the hairs
hardly agglutinate, midrib prominent dark purple-red with a
ew cobwebbed hairs; petiole as much as 5 cm. long stout
grooved glabrescent but showing vestiges of withered cobwebbed
* nodtiotoc, first of the first—in ae to its me

+ Rhododendron protistum, Balf. f. et Forrest. co eviles cage ad 9 m,
altus. Rami crassi tomentosi. Poi petiolata ad 45 cm. longa ; lamina tenuiter
coriacea lanceolata vel oblanceolata ad 40 cm. longa 13 cm. lata, apice obtusa,
margine cartilaginea, deorsum attenuata basi late cuneata; supra atroviridis
glabra oho jivenstain rene “ap a ae albida vel virile =
mento tenui p i
petiolus crassus ad 5 cm. longus sparen slabrescens Inflorescentia racemo-
umbellata 30-flora (vel ales), rhachi ad a m. pags AraChAIaS®: bracteae
fertiles magnae ad 6 cm. longae 2 cm. t piculat
rinque sericeae; bracteolae breves circ. 5 mm. longae sericeae ; pedicelli vix

2 cm. longi validi tomentosi. Calyx parvus ad 3 mm. longus minute dentatus
tomentosus. Corolla carnosula agent alba basi roseo-suffusa oblique campanu-
lata 8-loba. Stamina 16 inaequa eviora ; filamenta glabra. Discus

glaber. Gynaeceum corolla not brevis: ovarium ovoideum 16-loculare
sulcatum dense lanato-tomentosum indumenti pilis fasciatis ; stylus glaber.

152 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

hairs. Inflorescence a racemose-umbel of many (30 or more)
flowers, rhachis as much as 6 cm. long cobwebbed ; outer bracts
unknown, inner fertile bracts oblong-spathulate truncate apicu-
late as much as 6 cm. long 2 cm. broad inside and outside
sericeous, margin slightly ciliate ; bracteoles linear barely 5 mm.
long densely sericeous; pedicels short stout about 1.5 cm.
or a little more long enwrapped in a thin ochre-coloured
indumentum of cobwebbed hairs slightly swollen below the
flower to which it is only slightly oblique. Calyx minute
about 3 mm. long with 8 unequal deltoid teeth the larger
sometimes twice as long as the cup tomentose like the
pedicel. Corolla fleshy creamy-white flushed rose campanulate
oblique about 5.5 cm. long on posterior side, the petals
slightly pouched at base of tube, glabrous outside and inside
8-lobed ; lobes a little over 1 cm. long 2 cm. broad. Stamens
16 unequal shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest as much
as 4.5 cm. long shortest as much as 3.5 cm. ; filaments slender
slightly wider at base, glabrous; anthers oblong about 4 mm.
long. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum a little shorter than corolla ;
ovary ovoid about 8 mm. long 16-locular grooved pink-tomen-
tose being clad with fasciate hairs having short and thin
stalks and long curling branches which form a loose woolly
surface ; style glabrous clavate under the large discoid lobed
ma

W.N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° N.
Alt. 13,000 ft. In Rhododendron forest. Shrub of 20~30 ft.
Flowers fleshy creamy-white flushed rose. G. Forrest. No.
16,351. May 1018.

This fine species must be placed in the Grande series. It
differs in the indumentum from other members of the series.
We have not sufficient material for ascertaining the history of
development of the coating of the under surface of the leaves,
but what we have suggests that in the young state the leaves are
clad like others of the series with a white indumentum of cob-
webbed and rosette-hairs. As the leaf oldens this withers on
the upper surface in the usual fashion, but on the under surface
it seems to disappear more or less over a large area of the surface
save for a thin weft covering it like a fungus-mycelium. The
green epidermis beneath it is visible. On other parts of the sur-
face the indumentum persists and forms a white crust like that
characteristic of the Grande series. There is no species in the
series to which Rh. protistum has a specially near alliance unless
it be Rh. grande or Rh. argenteum. It can be readily recognised
by the broad lanceolate or oblanceolate somewhat thin leaves
with the indumentum-character mentioned and it has a 16-
chambered ovary.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 153

rA\
4° Rhododendron pubescens,* Balf. f. et Forrest. (Scabrifolium.)

Much and intricately branched very leafy shrub of a little
over I m. high with thin short yellowish branches (when a year
old a little over 1 mm. in diameter) densely pubescent with white
shorter hairs and also longer somewhat setulose hairs inter-
mixed with stalked concave reddish or orange infiltrated peltate
scales, traces of the long hairs particularly remaining on the dark
grey older twigs until decortication, bearing many small leaves
arranged along the length of the year’s shoot and persisting some
of them for two or three years, many leaves clustered around
the apical bud to which the last leaves reduced in size are ad-
pressed as an outer bud-covering. Foliage-bud small the outer
scales triangular acuminate keeled densely pubescent outside
ciliate mucronate, inner scales more ovate and thinner;
young leaves conduplicate-convolute. Leaves shortly petiolate
as much as 2.5 cm. long ; lamina thick leathery narrowly oblong
or oblanceolate or lanceolate as much as 2.2 cm. long 6 m

road, acute with a rounded mucro red _ tuberculate, margin
revolute, oe cuneate ; upper surface dark green mat densely
pubescent with white hairs and longer seta-like hairs also
bearing a few distant stalked red or orange peltate scales and
otherwise pitted with discontiguous pits out of which stalked
peltate scales have fallen, no asperities towards the margin,
midrib grooved and lined with hairs, primary veins not visible ;
under surface paler green-grey setulose and also pilose more
densely than upper surface and with peltate scales like those
of that surface only more of them, midrib raised and coated like
the surface; petiole about 3 mm. long grooved red at base
when young clad at base like the stem. Umbels 3-4-flowered
several fascicled on each shoot one in axil of each of the upper-

* Rhododendron pecan Balf. {. et Forrest.— Frutex nanus circ,
altus. Rami tenues (annotini flavidi circ. 1 mm. diam.) pilis albidis et brevibus

et lepidota, venis primariis occultis; subtus pallidior griseo-viridis, ut supra sed
densius vestita, costa media elevata; petiolus circ. 3 mm. longus plus minusve
rubidus pubescens et lepidotus. Umbellae laterales 3—4-florae ad apicem ramu-

Capsula oblonga recta circ. 6 mm. longa 2.5 mm. diam. puberula et lepidota.

uae"

154 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

most leaves, never terminal; outer bracts leathery rounded
mucronulate, lepidote and puberulous outside, finely shortly
ciliate on margin; inner bracts more oblong; bracteoles un-
known ; pedicels about 6-8 mm. long clad with setae short hairs
and peltate scales. Calyx minute about .5 mm. long forming a
fleshy ring with an indication on margin of 5 lobes, densely
hairy and lepidote outside the margin of the lobes more or less
setulose. Corolla small about 8 mm. long with a short funnel-
shaped tube puberulous inside expanding into a 5-lobed limb ;
lobes oblong-oval lepidote outside longer than the tube. Stamens
Io unequal the longest a little longer than the corolla, shortest
about 5 mm. long; filaments filiform with a tuft of hairs above
the glabrous base. Gynaeceum longer than corolla and stamens.
Young fruit green narrowly oblong-ovoid puberulous and lepi-
dote; style glabrous. Capsule oblong straight about 6 mm.
long 2.5 mm. in diameter finely pilose and lepidote.

S.W. Szechwan. Mu-li Mts. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 10,000
ft. In thickets and amongst scrub. Shrub of 3-4 ft. In fruit.
G. Forrest. No. 16,812. Aug. I91

The date of collection of specimens of this species has not been
favourable. The flowers are all gone, only a few withered ones
remaining on the young fruit. The fruits are not mature. The
leaf-buds are hardly formed. Notwithstanding these deficiencies
the species is so distinct I am able to describe it, although im-
perfectly. It belongs to the phylum of Rh. mollicomum, Balf.
f. et W. W. Sm., and Rh. hemitrichotum, Balf. f. et Forrest. The
latter species with its white wax-covered underleaf without hairs
(save on midrib) and buds cobwebbed with hairs is easily
diagnosed. The former is a nearer ally but without the bristle-
shaped hairs of Rh. pubescens, has buds with long cilia, and much
larger flowers. They all belong to the Scabrifolium series, but
none of them have the asperities near the margin of the leaf on
its upper side that are so prominent in Rh. scabies and other
members of the series.

Rhododendron pyrrhoanthum,* Balf. f.+

Prostrate shrub with stout branches those a year old green
glabrous as much as 4 mm. in diameter bearing leaves resembling

adc.) , rea:

+ Rhododendron pyrrhoanthum, Balf. f—Frutex prostratus. Rami validi
virides ad 4 mm. diam. glabri. Folia petiolata circ. 8 cm. longa ; lamina coriacea
convexa oblongo-ovalis ad 7 cm. longa 3.5 cm. lata, obtusa, margine cartilaginea
recurva, basi obt tusa ; supra atroviridis rugulosa, costa media venisque primariis

media venisque primariis prominulis ; petiolus circ. 1 cm. longus erubescens
sulcatus et in sulco puberulus. Flores in umbellam paucifloram terminalem
dispositi; bracteae sub anthesi persistentes intimae membranaceae obovato-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 155

in appearance those of Rh. zeylanicum only smaller. Leaves
petiolate about 8 cm. long; lamina leathery convex above
oblong-oval, as much as 7 cm. long 3.5 cm. broad, apex obtuse
mucronate, margin cartilaginous recurved, base obtuse ; upper
surface dark green glabrous excepting the midrib which is lined
by withered hairs, midrib deeply sunk between the convex
halves of the lamina on which the primary veins some 14 on
each side are deeply sunk, ultimate veinlets forming a reticulum
on the surface; under surface paler, yellow-green, with raised
paler midrib and primary veins thinly sprinkled with short
glands and irregularly branched small floccose hairs; petiole
stout about 1 cm. long pinkish grooved above and there glandular
and puberulous, elsewhere glabrous. Flowers in a small 5-
flowered open terminal umbel the bracts remaining during
flower-expansion ; bracts outermost leathery ovate apiculate
keeled, followed by more ovate, then rounded ones all more or
less floccose and glandular outside and ciliate with greasy fasciate
hairs ; innermost bracts obovate spathulate reflexing from above
the middle somewhat membranous greenish-yellow sticky,
outside more or less floccose and glandular, margin densely
ciliate with fasciate hairs and especially so around the mucro ;
bracteoles short about 5 mm. long white subulate hairy in
upper part; pedicels unequal as much as 3 cm. long stout pink-
tinted and thinly clad with fasciate floccose hairs and white
stalked glands. Calyx saucer-shaped about 2 mm. long crimson ;
tube showing 5-6 glistening glabrous pouches ; lobes 5 half-moon
shaped glabrous outside but finely ciliate with short white
flock-hairs and glands. Corolla blood-red campanulate unspotted
and with faintest indication of a darker blotch a little above
base of posterior petal, nearly regular about 3.5 cm. long glabrous
inside and outside ; tube fleshy at the base retuse with 5 pouches
and 5 deep interpetaline grooves outside correspondingly ridged
inside; limb with 5 thinner recurving rounded emarginate
lobes each about 8 mm. long 2 cm. broad. Stamens to slightly
unequal bunched in the middle of corolla-bell shorter en ob
of corolla and than damian longest about 2.5 c ong
shortest about 1.8 cm.; filaments white fleshy slightly aa
to the base very shortly puberulous in lower portion ; anthers
ochre-coloured about 2.5mm.long. Disk green lobulate puberu-

spathulatae glandulosae et floccosae; bracteolae breves circ. 5 mm. longae ;

pedicelli glandulosi et floccosi ad 3 cm. longi. Calyx ruber glaber nitidus parvus
circ. 2 mm. longus gibbosus 5-lobus ; lobi semilunati extus glabri minute ciliati.
Corolla sanguinea tubulosa subangularis circ. 3.5 cm. longa carnosula glabra.

gi arium
‘conoideum truncatum circ. 6 mm, longum sparsim puberulum et aakakiwona:
stylus glaber.

yor

156 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON,

lous. Gynaeceum a little shorter than corolla longer than
stamens about 3.2 cm. long; ovary conoid truncate slightly
grooved about 6 mm. long thinly puberulous with white fasciate
flock-hairs which are intermixed with long-stalked white glands ;
style white glabrous scarcely enlarged at the tip where it forms
a crimson lip around the dark stigmatic lobes.

Yunnan. G. Forrest.

This Rhododendron appeared at Werrington Park in a
frame-bed of seedlings of Rh. repens, Balf. f. et Forrest. Mr.
J. C. Williams tells me it is a plant of prostrate habit like Rh.
vepens, but with much larger leaves. The leaves, as Mr. Wiliams
says, recall in form those of Rh. zeylanicum, Hort. and such like
forms of Rh. arboreum, Sm. and Rh. Delavayi, Franch., but all
these plants of the Arboreum series have a complete buff-coloured
underleaf indumentum concealing the epidermis; here the
epidermis is exposed between the scattered hairs and glands.
I am impressed by the likeness to Rh. fulgens, Hook. f., and this
not only in the foliage but also in the flower. - There is no
identity here, only an approach. The leaves in Rh. fulgens have
more indumentum below and the flowers are on short pedicels
in dense small trusses and have dark crimson blotches in the
pouches of the petals—separating characters of easy recognition ;
on the other hand the similarity in the calyx with pouches on
the tube and of the short tubular campanulate subregular
corolla with deep indentations in the tube and the sparingly
clad ovary are no less easily seen.

I have named this very distinct plant. There is no specimen
of it in Forrest’s collections, and if a hybrid origin be assumed
for it two lines of parentage might in all the circumstances
be suggested ; namely, the Arboreum series through some form
of Rh. Delavayi, and the Forrestii series through some form of
Rh. repens—the foliage-form and flower-character coming mainly
through the former, the habit through the latter. But the
divergences from both shown by the plant are great. Mr.
Forrest may be able to throw some light on the problem when
he returns.

Rhododendron regale, Balf. f. et Ward.* (Falconeri.)

Gnarled tree as much as 9 m. high with stout branches and
large leaves. Branches a year old as much as 1.2 cm. in diameter

* Rhododendron regale, Balf. f. et Ward .—Arbor contorta ad 9 m. alta ramis
crassis foliisque magnis. Rami annotini circ. 1.2 cm. diam. pellicula pilorum
agglutinatorum grisei. Ala ae ak. Folia petiolata ad 25 cm. longa; lamina

petiolum cuneatim subdecurrens; supra opaca atro-viridis leviter rugulosa

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 157

ash-grey the colour due to an agglutinate pellicle of hair-indu-
mentum many cells of which become rufous red (the material
is not sufficient for accurate further description), vestiges of this
pellicle are seen on older parts of branches. Foliage-buds un-
known. Leaves petiolate as much as 25 cm. or more long ;
lamina thickly leathery broadly oblanceolate as much as 20
cm. long 12 cm. broad, apex rounded with a short tuberculate
mucro, margin thickly cartilaginous slightly tinted red (recurved
in dried specimens), tapering to the somewhat wedge-shaped
base where it is prolonged more or less evidently along the petiole;
upper surface mat dark olive-green not shagreened and only
slightly wrinkled glabrous but for the midrib in the narrow
groove of which are white vestiges of hairs like those on the
young stems, midrib darker coloured the rest of surface losing
its groove and becoming convex as it passes into petiole, primary
veins about 15 on each side very shallowly grooved ; under
surface grey with a prominent thick red-tinted midrib and pro-
minent like-tinted primary veins, the grey surface composed of
a bistrate indumentum, the under stratum a grey pellicle of
agglutinate rosette-hairs exposed in older leaves as a smooth
scintillating surface where the upper stratum has fallen off,
upper detersile stratum forming complete surface in younger
leaves in patches only on older consisting of funnel-shaped cup-
hairs broad and open the mouth easily seen usually but where
crowded together becoming more narrow funnels, each with a
short stalk and a delicate thin wall of small cells elongated in
the direction of the axis of the cup, the margin of the cup pro-
longed into a fringe of short hair-branches which interlace with
those of adjacent cups; when uncompressed and complete the
surface appears foveolate; petiole stout flat or convex not
grooved above about 2.5 cm. long showing traces of the same

glabra (costa media pilorum juvenilium vestigiis induta excepta), costa media

percursa menti stratum superum detersile e pilis cupulari-infundibuli-
formibus eMpitatis. et ae Os sae tadiantibus cinctis aedificatum, stratum in-
ferum f pelliculam faciens ; petiolus
crassus circ. 2.5 cm. tery supra ‘ities ‘vel leviter convexus ut ramuli indumento
lus minusve vestitus. Flores in racemo-umbellam circ. 12-floram dispositi,

a
op
ian =F
=|

rhachi iaecbatioaieee bracteae intimae oblongae acutae ad 4 . longae extus in-
tusque sericeae ; bracteolae vix 1 cm. longae a iiwadictavalen peri abacciglates
pedicels senee tomentosi af cm. —— Calyx parvus circ. 2 mm. lon patelli-

rolla flavido-alba varo atropurpureo
basali notata circ. 3.5 cm. Pai campanulata paullo obliqua carnosula 9-loba ;

lobi rotundati od cearree imbricati circ. I cm. longir.5 cm. lati. Stamina 18
inaequalia coro gynaeceo paullo breviora ; filamenta puberula.
Discus glaber. Gynaeceum circ. 2.5 cm. longum; ovarium conoideum sulcatum
truncatum circ. 6 mm. longum 10-loculare pilis brevibus fasciatis dense tomen-
tosum ; stylus glaber sub stigmate lato discoideo lobulato expansus.

158 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

ash-grey indumentum as is seen on stems. Flowers in a shortly
racemose umbel of some 12 flowers, rhachis puberulous ; fertile
bracts submembranous oblong acute densely silky on both sides
as much as 4 cm. long; bracteoles very short somewhat linear
club-shaped hairy from the base and with a white hair-crest ;
pedicels 3-4 cm. long densely tomentose inserted in middle of
obliquely set-on calyx-base. Calyx saucer-shaped about 2 mm.
long densely tomentose showing very short inconspicuous marginal
teeth. Corolla cream-white with dark basal purple blotch about
3.5 cm. long campanulate slightly oblique fleshy (‘‘ glutinous,”’
Ward) o-lobed ; lobes rounded emarginate imbricate about I cm.
long 1.5 cm. broad. Stamens 18 unequal short little more than
half the length of the corolla and shorter than gynaeceum ; fila-
ments puberulous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.5 cm.
long shorter than corolla ; ovary conoid grooved truncate about
6 mm. long 1o-chambered densely tomentose with short besom-
like hairs; style glabrous sometimes some hairs at its base
expanded under the broad discoid lobulate stigma.

N.E. Upper Burma. Lashi country. Htawjaw, valley of
Naum-Chaung. Gnarled tree of 20-30 ft. as above 10,000 ft.
Flowers rather glutinous, cream-white with dark purple blotch
at base of corolla. Kingdon Ward. No. 1565. May 19, 1914.

We know this plant only in a single specimen of Ward’s
collection. It is one of the few species of the Falconeri series
not yet in cultivation.

The region of N.E. Burma and the adjacent one of Western
Yunnan have added several species to the Falconeri series of
Rhododendron. We have Rh. arizelum, Balf. f. et Forrest,
Rh. basilicum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., Rh. megaphyllum, Balf. f.
et Forrest, and Rh. preptum, Balf. f. et Forrest. Rh. regale gives
us another. In S.E. Yunnan the series appears in Rh. sino-
Falconert, Balf. f., and is represented in N.E. Yunnan in RA.
Rex, Lévl., whilst in the N.W. region of Yunnan we have RA.
jictolacteum, Balf. f., and Rh. coriaceum, Franch.—the latter ex-
tending into S.E. Tibet. W. Szechwan gives us one species in
Rh. galactinum, Balf. f. In all then ten species of this large-
leaved series of Rhododendron have been made known within
recent years from W. China and adjoining areas, more than
double the number of those on record from Eastern Himalaya,
where Hooker discovered Rh. Falconeri, Hook. itself, and Rh.
Hodgsont, Hook. f., to which were added Rh. eximium, Nutt.
and more recently Rh. decipiens, Lacaita, making the roll one
of four species. Doubtless more members of the series will be
discovered in course of further exploration in the wide area of
the home of Rhododendrons, but as we have it now the Falconeri
series is a remarkably illustrative example of the wealth in West

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 159

China and adjoining countries which recent exploration has
brought to us. Rh. coriaceum was described in 1898; all the
other Chinese forms have come to us during the past decade.
Rh. regale belongs to that set of the Falconeri series in which
the underleaf indumentum is always grey—very different from
the rusty red or red-cinnamon coloured indumentum that
characterises the other species in the series and which is so
familiar in the leaves of Rh. Faiconert. It shares this type of
indumentum with Rh. coriaceum, Rh. Hodgsoni, and Rh. Rex—
species it will be observed from widely separate areas—and the
conspicuous feature of the indumentum in these forms is not
only one of colour but also of the form of the cup-hairs which
constitute its upper stratum. These are bowl-shaped (i.e. with
rounded base) wider or narrower, or funnel-shaped (i.e. with
pointed base) with wide mouth—the mouth fringed or not—
and as they stand side by side upon the leaf surface the mouths
of the cup-hairs appear as openings into cavities and the whole
surface acquires a foveolate appearance. As the leaf oldens
and the time for shedding of these cup-hairs which have thin
walls approaches they collapse and look like deflated bladders
scintillating on the surface of the grey persistent pellicle of under
stratum of indumentum. This is most characteristic and enables
one readily to separate the four species in which it occurs from
other members of the Falconeri series where the upper stratum
apart from colour is more or less woolly. In Rh. Hodgsoni only
do these cup-hairs become somewhat adpressed to the pellicle
beneath and form a somewhat agglutinate scurf. These four
species of the Falconeri series so easily recognised by their grey
scintillating indumentum may be distinguished thus :—

Cup-hairs of underleaf indumentum bowl-shaped not

Corolla rose, aba pen 3 cm. long. cortaceum.
Stamens 14 puberu
Ovary Achamibere its hairs floccose.

Cup-hairs of underleaf ain crn aoen fringed.
Corolla rose, spotted, a -5 Cc Rex
Stamens 16 puberulou ,
Ovary 9-chambered, its hairs floccose.

Corolla cream-w a peehet purple, about 3.5 cm. long.
Stamens 18 puberu

Ovary cnet its hairs fasciate.

eee H underleaf indumentum open shallow cup

regale.

ard] ed often agglutinate.
Corolla ga unspotted, about 3 cm. long.
Stamens about 15 glabrous.
Ovary 9-12-chambered, its hairs woolly.

Cup-hairs of underleaf indumentum funnel-shaped fringed. }
; Hodgsont.

160 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

\\ Rhododendron rubrolineatum, Balf. f. et Forrest.* (Tricho-

Shrub about 1.5 m. high with virgate branches. Branchlets
thin straight, those of the year finely puberulous ane densely
lepidote with yellow scales, those a year old about 2 mm. in
diameter somewhat rufescent and slightly warted with rufous
vestigial scales. Terminal foliage-buds ovoid about 1.2 cm. in
diameter reddish-brown; scale-leaves of the foliage-buds all
caducous ; outermost scale-leaves small about 3 mm. long
crustaceous rigid broadly triangular from a wide base keeled
and apiculate or only acute outside lepidote, inside more or
less silky with adpressed hairs; inner scale-leaves gradually
oblong, innermost membranous yellowish browner in middle
spathulate about 1.2 cm. long 5 mm. broad, outside towards
top lepidote along mid-rib, inside along middle particularly
towards top silky with adpressed hairs, margins ciliate with
long undulate hairs, summit subtruncate or rounded with
many short white marginal hairs ; young leaves conduplicate-
convolute in the bud, upper surface dark olive-green showing
the reddish veins very sparsely lepidote, midrib villous to above
middle, margin particularly towards apex with a few very long
twisted hairs, under surface bright yellow-lepidote with contigu-
ous scales ; petioles of juvenile leaves grooved densely yellow-
lepidote with a few long hairs and more or less villous in groove.
Mature leaves shortly petiolate about 3.8 cm. long falling after
one season ; lamina leathery elliptic or oblong-elliptic as much
as 3.5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, apex obtuse or rounded with a
short tuberculate hydathodal mucro, margin slightly cartila-
ginous and recurved obscurely crenulate with notches of fallen
hairs, base more or less obtuse ; upper surface slightly reticulate

= Rhododendron vubrolineatum, Balf. f. et Forrest. —Frutex virgatus ad 1.5 m
u tricti

Tulae caducae. Folia annua petiolata ad 3.8 cm. longa; lamina coriacea

1:5 °¢
longi 7 mm. or oblongi apice a sheep > Stamina 10 entlins

abba ps ear circ. 2 mim. longum ; stylus glaber ovario longior. Cap-
sula ovoidea ad 1 cm. longa, 5 mm. lata. Semina minuta fusiformia exannulata-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 161

(dry) glabrous excepting the grooved midrib which is more or
less hairy, primary veins about 8 on each side hardly visible ;
under surface paler, puberulous midrib and primary veins
whitish yellow raised very conspicuous, whole surface lepidote
with short-stalked rufous or yellowish peltate small discon-
tiguous scales some smaller some larger each scale having a
broad umbo and narrow fringe and throughout infiltrated by
reddish or yellow secretion, intervals between the scales
greater than diameter of scales clad with conspicuous epidermal
wax-coated papillae; petiole about 3 mm. long grooved, the
groove villous, elsewhere lepidote and at the base more or less
puberulous. Flowers in 3-flowered (or 4) axillary umbels
solitary in the axils of the uppermost foliage-leaves, 4 or more
such umbels in a cluster, no terminal umbel ; bracts loosening
and falling as flowers expand or remaining as a circlet enclosing
base of flower-pedicels, all crustaceous, outermost rounded about
3mm. in diameter, inner oblong or oblong-elliptic convolute
obtuse or truncate lepidote outside white ciliate about 1 cm
long; bracteoles filiform about 1 cm. long pilose from base
hair-crested with a few lepidote scales outside ; pedicels about
1 cm. long stiff divergent more or less lepidote. Calyx small
about 1 mm. long cut almost to base into 5 rounded or subacute
lobes, outside more or less lepidote, margin eciliate or with an
occasional hair. Corolla campanulate ivory-yellow lined and
flushed rose outside, slightly spotted on posterior side, about
1.8 cm. long ; tube not grooved expanding into a spreading limb
of 5 lobes, outside more or less lepidote, inside faintly puberulous ;
lobes about 1 cm. long and 7 mm. broad oblong, rounded at
apex, margin somewhat crenulate. Stamens Io unequal about
same length as or shorter than corolla, longest about 1.8 cm.
long with oblong brown anther about 2mm. long, shortest about
1 cm. long with globose anther about I mm. in diameter ; fila-
ments stout slightly wider to base which is naked for about 2 mm.
and then densely villous upwards to or short of the middle
(higher in the shorter stamens). Disk puberulous below the
ovary. Gynaeceum about equalling in length or slightly
longer than corolla and stamens; ovary conoid imbricately
yellow-lepidote about 2 mm. long; style glabrous slightly
expanded at apex into a greenish slightly lobulate stigma.
Capsule ovoid about 1 cm. long 5 mm. broad brown showing
traces of the ovarian scales dehiscing from apex to base by
5 lobes. Seeds very small not 1 mm. long brown fusiform
striate without an arillar wing, pointed at chalazal end, slightly
protruding at funicular end.

Mid W. Yunnan. Tali Range. Open pasture. Alt. 11,000
ft. Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers creamy (ivory) yellow, lined and

way?

162 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.
flushed rose on exterior. Very rare! G. Forrest. [Without

E.N.W. Yunnan. Kari Pass. On the margins of pine forests.
Alt. 12,000 ft. Lat. 28° N. Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers canary
yellow. G. Forrest. No. 13,914. June 1917.

Yunnan. Without precise locality. Duplicate in fruit.
G. Forrest. No. 17,423. Oct. 1918.

One of the Trichocladum series and allied to Rh. melinanthum,
Balf. f. et Ward, from Ka-gwr-pw, from which its leaf-form
distinguishes it.

Rhododendron sidereum,* Balf. f.+ (Grande.)

Tree as much as 9 m. high with stout branches 8 mm. in
diameter when a year old, coated with a dirty grey thin aggluti-
nate indumentum of greasy hairs scaling off on older branches.
Foliage-bud large nose bullet-shaped and with many imbricating
scale-leaves outside; the outermost scale-leaves (2 or 3) woody
short with small rotundate base ending in a long acuminate tail
four times or less the length of the base with a floccose tomen-
tum, followed by rounded crustaceous ones gradually becoming
oval or oval-oblong earlier ones mucronate later ones emarginate
the back clad with very reddened floccose hairs and sticky from
immersed glands ; innermost scale-leaves petiolate more mem-
branous as much as 4.5 cm. long, the lamina lanceolate acute
ending in a long mucro densely tomentose with brown or reddish
floccose greasy hairs ; young leaves revolute densely tomentose
on both surfaces and glandular on under surface. Leaves petio-
late as much as 23 cm. long persistent for a couple of years ;
lamina leathery oblong-lanceolate often slightly curved as much
as 21 cm. long 6 cm. broad, acute with a hydathodal apiculus

* sidereus, excellent—expressive of the qualities of the plant.

{| Rhododendron sidereum, Balf. f—Arbor ad 9 m. alta. Rami breves
crassi indumento griseo agglutinato induti. Alabastra oblonga magna perulis
plurimis imbricatis obtecta. Folia petiolata ad 23 cm. longa; lamina coriacea
oblongo-lanceolata ad 21 cm. longa 6 cm. lata, acuta mucronata, margine paullo
recurva, i obtusa vel late cuneata ; oo olivacea subnitens glabra vel in

abtus argen i i

tita; petiolus circ. 2 cm. longus aggluti-

nato- tomentosus. Flores in daceinistekabeliatn lurifloram, dispositi, rhachi

longa floccosa; bract eae sexe cis crustaceae rotundatae glutinosae, intimae
es circ. 5 mm.

circ. 2 cm. soma al -tomentosi sub calyce obliqui. Calyx brevissimus. Corolla

truncatum sulcatum circ. 7 mm. longum 12-loculare, dense albo-tomentosum
eglandulosum ; stylus crassus glaber; stigma discoideum recurvum

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 163

ending in a red tubercle, margin cartilaginous slightly recurved,
base usually unequal somewhat wedge-shaped or obtuse ; upper
surface olive-green with darker purple-tinted midrib and primary
veins smooth somewhat glossy quite glabrous or showing par-
ticularly in the groove of the midrib remains of juvenile floccose
hairs as a greyish scurf, primary veins some 15 on each side red-
tinted and slightly grooved; under surface silvery shining
traversed by the conspicuous raised dark red-tinted midrib and
the pinnately spreading conspicuous raised primary veins,
midrib and primary veins glabrescent showing only patchy
grey vestiges of juvenile indumentum, silvery surface due to an
agglutinate persistent indumentum of hairs and glands form-
ing a pellicle some hairs long branched intricately interwoven
the ultimate branches somewhat vesicular and often scintillating
with a substratum of rosettes of many clustered radiating hairs
intermixed with ovoid glands which show on the surface as very
minute punctulations, the whole indumentum a typical one of
the Grande series ; petiole stout about 2 cm. long grooved clad
like the stem and glabrescent as it is. Inflorescence terminal
forming a racemose cluster of 15 or more flowers, the rhachis as
much as 4.7 cm. long floccose with distant short flocks ; outer
bracts brown crustaceous rounded with thinner margin glutinous,
inner bracts oblong-spathulate rounded or truncate mucronate
densely silky outside and on midrib towards top inside, about
3 mm. long I cm. broad; bracteoles very short about 5 mm.
long tapered from the base silky ; pedicels 2-2.5 cm. long stout
expanding at top into an oblique disk white with a dense close
woolly persistent indumentum. Calyx inconspicuous very
minute deltoid teeth around oblique disk-like end of pedicel
whitely tomentose like the pedicels. Corolla creamy white
with crimson basal spots at base of posterior petals somewhat
fleshy as much as 4 cm. long obliquely campanulate at the
base slightly gibbous retuse glabrous 8-lobed; lobes shallow
rounded emarginate about 1 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad. Stamens
16 subequal about half length of corolla, anthers clustering about
middle of tube ; filaments delicate towards base puberulous with
long thin pointed striate hairs; anthers 5 mm. long. Disk
sparingly puberulous. Gynaeceum about 3.5 cm. long slightly
shorter than corolla longer than stamens ; ovary conoid grooved
truncate about 7 mm. long with 12 chambers, eglandular, densely
whitely tomentose, the tomentum of long stalked fasciate hairs
with long undulate and curling non-septate loose spreading
branches ; style stout glabrous expanded below the large lobulate
discoid recurving stigma.

N.E. frontier of Burma. Tamgam. Capt. Abbay. No. 5.
In Herb. Lace.

yr\i

164 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

N.E. Upper Burma. Western flank of the N’Maikha-
Salween divide. Lat. 26° N. Alt. 10,000 ft. In thickets and
forests. Shrub 8-10 feet. Flowers yellow. In old fruit.
G. Forrest. No. 17,860. April I9g19.

N.E. Upper Burmah. N’Maikha-Salween divide, western
flank. Lat. 26°15’N. Alt. gooo-10,000 ft. In mixed forests.
Flowers clear yellow with a crimson blotch at base. G.
Forrest. No. 18 ,054. May IogIg.

N.E. Upper Burma. Hpimaw Hill. Alt. gooo-10,500 ft. A
prevailing Rhododendron in the upper forest zone. A tree of
20-30 feet just coming into bloom. Reverse of leaves as it were
lacquered silver on copper, that dimly sheens through. Flower-
head elevated on conspicuous rhachis. Flowers creamy white.
Stamens 16. A finething. Farrer. No. 872. April 28, 1919.

N.E. Upper Burma. Ridge above Laktang (Kangfang route).
Alt. gooo—10,000 ft. Bushy tree of 20 ft. growing on open grassy
south-facing slope. Flowers pale creamy yellow, with a small
deep purple blotch at base of corolla, nearly regular. Leaves
silver beneath. Only one tree seen. F. Kingdon Ward. No.
3061. May 25, Igig.

May 28. Many trees seen between 8000 and gooo ft. from
the beginning of the shrub belt up but they seem to bear very
few flowers. Perhaps they do better on N.-facing slopes.—

A beautiful species of the Grande series. The first record
of the plant is in Capt. Abbay’s specimens which at first were
supposed to be Rh. grande, Wight, and then were referred to
Rh. arboreum, Sm. Abbay’s specimens have imperfect flowers
only. Now we have it in good state from each of the three
explorers, Farrer, Forrest, Ward, who have been collecting
in N.E. Burma and W. Yunnan within a few miles of each
other during last year. The plant comes in the series near
the Himalayan Rh. argenteum, Hook. f., and Rh. grande, Wight,
but it wants the glandular ovary of these species.

Rhododendron tapeinum,* Balf. f. et Farrer.f (Sulfureum.)
Shrublet sometimes epiphytic forming an almost prostrate
cushion with straight branchlets reddish-brown of short annual

* tamewds, lowly—in allusion to its habit.
+ Rhododendron tapeinum, Balf. f. et Farrer —Suffrutex prostratus pulvi-

sa,
nunc paullo decurrens ; supra pallide viridis nitens laevis glabra (costa media
sulcata basi excepta); subtus grisea papillis ceriferis baculiformibus dense
vestita et squamulis aurantiacis in foveis depressis discontigue lepidota; petiolus

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 165

growths about 2 cm. long. Branches a year old densely bristly
and with a few peltate gland-like scales about 1.5 mm. in diameter
girt at the base by the persistent outer scale-leaves of the foliage-
bud, older twigs becoming blackish grey and decorticating in
third or fourth year, the outer foliage-bud-scales persisting for
several years. Foliage-buds fusiform ; outer scales crustaceous
brown ovate or rounded, the intermediate oblong keeled and
mucronate, inner more membranous spathulate acute, all finely
ciliate with occasionally some dorsal scales. Leaves petiolate
as much as 2.8 cm. long usually less persistent for two or more
years ; lamina leathery elliptic or somewhat oval as much as 2.5
cm. long 1.5 cm. broad, apex rounded sometimes retuse with a
tuberculate mucro, margin cartilaginous revolute bristly but the
bristles often falling each leaving a notch on the margin, base
obtuse or sometimes slightly rounded and decurrent ; upper
surface pale green glossy smooth glabrous except at base of
grooved midrib where bristly, primary veins concealed ; under
surface whitish grey clad with rod-shaped close-set epidermal
wax-bearing papillae and lepidote with sunk scintillating orange-
coloured discoid scales without a fringe some larger some smaller
distance between the scales greater than diameter of scales some
6-7 scales in a square millimetre, midrib pink-tinted raised lepi-
dote at base bristly, primary veins concealed; petiole pink-
tinted about 3 mm. long grooved bristly and lepidote underneath,
bristly above. Flowers solitary terminal; inner bracts grasp-
ing the pedicel until fruit is formed crustaceous oblong whitely
ciliate ; pedicel barely 1 cm. long not swollen below the calyx,
densely bristly and with a few stalked discoid white scales
intermixed. Calyx large foliaceous yellow but darker at base
about 7 mm. long cut to near base into 5 subequal lobes the
posterior pair a little larger; cup at the base bristly and lepidote ;
lobes with fan-spreading veins glabrous on back, bristly and
slightly crenulate at top. Corolla fleshy clear pale lemon-yellow
evidently spotted posteriorly, open cup-shaped-campanulate
about 2 cm. long lepidote outside with unequal glistening
’ scales, glabrous inside ; tube short circular in outline expanding
into a broad 5-lobed limb; lobes broad imbricate crenulate
roseo-tinctus subtus setulosus et lepidotus, supra setulosus. Flores terminales
solitarii ; pedicelli circ. 1 cm. longi stricti erecti dense setulosi et sparsim pong
doti bracteis intimis amplexicaulibus cincti, lyx foliaceus flavidus circ. 7 mm,

rotundati. Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla breviora ; Haren supra basim
glabram puberula. oi glaber. Gynaeceum staminibus longioribus brevius
circ. 1.3 cm, longum ; rium circ. 3 mm. longum petasiforme sulcatum trun-
catum squamulis albidis Cicniitte dense lepidotum ; stylus glaber validus sub
stigmate angusto vix expansus,.

166 BALFOUR—-NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

about 1 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal shorter
than corolla, longest about 1.5 cm. long with anther 4 mm. long,
shortest about 1 cm. long with anther 3 mm.; filaments stout
widened to base glabrous there over about 2 mm. then puberulous
to near base of corolla-lobes ; anthers orange-red. Disk orange-
red glabrous. Gynaeceum about 1.3 cm. long shorter than
longest stamens; ovary dome-shaped 3 mm. long grooved
truncate densely lepidote with white mushroom-like discoid
scales ; style stout slightly decurved orange-coloured glabrous
at top not swollen below the stigma which is narrower than style.

N.E. Upper Burma. Chimili cliffs. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft.
A low almost prostrate cushion in the high alpine granitic
precipices opposite the Chimili Pass. Flowers clear yellow,

ut of no particular charm. Farrer. No. 938. Just coming
into bloom May 18, 19109.

N.E. Upper Burma. A western buttress of Imaw Bum. Alt.
10,000 ft. A beautiful dwarf. Epiphytic on an old fir-tree
where it formed a compact cushion high up. Flowers pale
lemon-yellow with orange-red stamens. Leaves silver-green
underneath. Kingdon a No. 3095. May 27, 1919. See
No. 3196. Also cf. No.

N.E. Upper Burma. Valley of the Chaung-maw-Lka. Alt.
8000 ft. Dwarf shrub forming a sort of heath on a large mossy
boulder in the river bed. Other rhododendrons, a fir-tree, etc.,
growing on the same boulder. Kingdon Ward. No. 3196.
June 6, 1919. Same as No. 3095.

A representative in N.E. Upper Burma of the Mekong-
Yangtze species Rh. megeratum, Balf. f. et Forrest (see p. 140).
They are microforms of one type. This southern form has
altogether a dwarfer habit as it is described and at times is
epiphytic and has elliptic smaller leaves. The most conspicuous
difference is seen in the calyx the lobes of which glabrous in
Rh. megeratum are crowned by long bristles in Rh. tapeinum.
In the dried specimens this Burmese plant is hardly so
attractive as is the northern species in Forrest’s specimens,
yet I should expect it to be quite a delightful plant for the rock °
garden and to this Kingdon Ward’s comment, “ a beautiful
dwarf,’’ may be cited in support. To Mr. Farrer, however,
the flowers did not appeal as of any “ particular charm.”

Rhododendron timeteum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+

A shrub barely 2 m. high at most with short yearly growths
which interlace and evidently form a compact bush. Twigs of

* tiyuntéoc, to be honoured—in allusion to its value as a garden plant.

t Rhododendron timeteum, Balf. f. et Forrest—-Frutex fere ad 2 m. altus
ramulis glabris ; annotini circ. 2 mm. diam. Folia petiolata ad 7 cm. longa ;

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 167

the year red, the surface cells unequally impregnated with red
secretion giving a finely blotched smooth surface epilose and
ceca (but for perhaps an occasional scale), twigs a year old
about 2 mm. in diameter becoming grey smooth glabrous,
pcan usually in the third year. Buds large fusiform
few at the ends of the shoots and below the terminal inflorescence:
outermost scales crustaceous rounded or broadly ovate sparingly
lepidote on back and ciliate, inner ones oblong-ovate densely
lepidote and ciliate, innermost membranous spathulate obtuse
mucronate greenish with fan-shaped venation lepidote outside
and hair-ciliate particularly at top carried up on elongating axis ;

young leaves conduplicate-convolute becoming revolute as they
expand their upper surface glabrous, under surface lepidote,
altogether epilose. Leaves petiolate as much as 7 cm. long ;
lamina thinly leathery oval or elliptic or oblong-oval as much
as 6 cm. long 3 cm. broad, apex rounded or obtuse the midrib
ending in a tuberculate hydathode not stalked and often deflexed,
margin cartilaginous smooth, base rounded or broadly obtuse;
upper surface bright green mat smooth glabrous, midrib and
primary veins (about 8 on each side of midrib) slightly red-tinted
and slightly raised ; under surface paler green with a yellowish
white glabrous midrib and the rest of venation appearing as a
fine sunk reticulation, surface lepidote with brown equal uni-
formly distributed discontiguous peltate scales each with stalk
sunk in shallow pit and a disk with broad concave umbo bounded
by an orange-coloured annulus and a whitish-grey narrow fringe,
green intervals between the scales wider than the scales which
are about 3-4 in asq. mm. ; petiole as much as 1.2 cm. long red-
tinted and blotched grooved epilose elepidote or most sparingly
lepidote. Umbels solitary terminal usually 4-flowefed ; bracts
early deciduous, unknown ; bracteoles linear expanding spathu-
lately at top shortly puberulous throughout at top lepidote on
back with a conspicuous white hair-crest about 1.5 cm. long ;
lamina tenuiter coriacea ovalis vel elliptica vel oblongo-ovalis ad 6 cm. longa
3 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, margine cartilaginea vix dae hea integra

o
dense lepidotum ; stylus basi paullo puberulus sub stigmate discoideo lobulato
in labium angustum expansus

168 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

pedicels stout red often unequal in same truss I-2 cm. long glab-
rous but for an occasional peltate scale. Calyx small about 1.5
mm. long, the cup glabrous the 5 short (about .5 mm. long)
rounded lobes lepidote outside and with a few marginal cilia.
Corolla lavender or purplish-rose with deep crimson markings
posteriorly, butterfly-shaped about 3.5 cm. long elepidote epilose
outside, puberulous inside ; tube short wide funnel-shaped from
base expanding into a broad open 5-lobed limb hardly grooved
inside or ridged outside ; lobes of the limb large nearly rotundate
subequal as much as 2 cm. long and 2 cm. broad faintly emargi-
nate. Stamens ro unequal longest about as long as corolla and
gynaeceum with anther about 3 mm. long, shortest about 2 cm.
long with anther about 2 mm. long; filaments dilated down-
wards puberulous above the glabrous base to above mouth of
corolla-tube. Disk nearly glabrous. Gynaeceum about as long
as corolla and longest stamens ; ovary about 6 mm. long conoid
truncate grooved densely lepidote ; style slightly puberulous
at base only slightly expanded and forming a crimson narrow
lip below the discoid lobulate stigma. Capsule 1.5 cm. long
dehiscing to the base by 5 valves.

S.W. Szechwan. Mu-li Mountains, valley of the Litang.
Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. In and on the margins
of pine forests. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers purplish-rose
with a few dark markings. G. Forrest. No. 16,285.
June 1918.

S.W. Szechwan. Mountains around Mu-li. Lat. 28° 12’ N.
Alt. 11,000 ft. Margins and openings of pine forests. ‘Shrub
of 4-6 ft. Flowers pale lavender-rose with deep crimson mark-
ings. G. Forrest. No. 16,291. June 1918.

Szechwan rather than Yunnan is the home of the Triflorum
series, and this species comes from the extreme S.W. region of
Szechwan bordering on Yunnan. It is quite distinct from all
of the Yunnan members of the series and from all of the described
species from Szechwan, but recalls a plant which is in culti-
vation sent out by Veitch under the name “ Rh. coombense.”’
There is no resemblance in this plant to the Rh. coombense,
Hemsl., described and figured in the Botanical Magazine
(1909), t. 8280.

_ With Rh. oreotrephes, W. W. Sm., Rh. timeteum has alliance,
but I see no trace of the wax-covering which is so distinctive
a mark of Rh. oreotrephes as well as of Rh. triflorum, Hook. f.,
two species which are near relations within the Triflorum
series, the latter a yellow-flowered Himalayan, the former a
purple-flowered Chinese one. From Rh. oreotrephes the new
species Rh. timetewm can be distinguished also by the scales of
the underleaf indumentum which in Rh. oreotrephes are close-set

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 169

stand up like beads upon and give a brown colour to the
mature surface but in RA, timeteum are distant leaving wide
green areas between.

A\2- Rhododendron trichomiscum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+

Shrub reaching nearly 1 m. high with many straight thin
(about 2 mm. in diameter when a year old) nodular branches
clad with many red bristle-hairs, annual growth short a little
over I cm. long producing some 4-6 foliage-leaves aps fashion
at the top which seem to last but one year, the outermost scale-
leaves of the bud falling in the year of expansion occasionally
remaining to the end of the season, never acted to the
second year; twigs of the year red soon becoming grey and
showing bristles or their wart-scars until a ere! °F oliage-
buds fusiform pointed ; outermost scale-leaves crustaceous with
rounded base acuminate or tailed keeled slightly lanate at base

truncate emarginate and mucronate at top; young leaves
revolute in bud. Leaves petiolate as much as 5.5 cm. long ;
lamina chartaceous narrowly oblong-obovate as much as 5 cm.
long 1.5 cm. broad apex obtuse or rounded-obtuse with a very
short tuberculate red hydathodal mucro, margin slightly carti-

punctulate with the red bases of fallen hairs or bristles, base
narrowed and tapered into a wing on the petiole and there
often bearing red bristles ; upper surface dark olive-green mat
shagreened glabrous, midrib broad grooved with an occasional
red bristle and traces of some floccose hairs, primary veins about

* Ooif, hair; uéoxocs, stem—in allusion to the bristly twigs.

+ Rhododendron trichomiscum, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex nanus ad 1 m.
altus. Rami setiferi plus minusve nodulosi folia 4-6 rosulatim ad apicem gerentes,
Alabastrorum perulae mox deciduae. Folia petiolata ad 5.5 cm. longa ; Jamina

; i <
seri brac teo lae ‘pedicellis breviores ; pedicelli cire. 1.5 cm. longi dense

intus vix costat lobi 5 rotundati 1.3 cm. longi 2 cm. latiemarginati. Stamina
to paullo inaequalia corolla gynaeceoque breviora; filamenta glabra. Discus
gla corolla multo brevius staminibus paullo longius; o

petasiforme truncatum sulcatum circ. 3 mm. longum dense glanduloso-setosum
et ass paucis fasciatis indutum ; stylus glaber.

170 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

6-8 on each side very slightly grooved; under surface paler a
yellow-green with raised red-tinted midrib clad like the midrib
on upper side, general surface shagreened the ultimate veinlets
showing as a red impressed network sprinkled with flocks of
whitish much-branched adpressed hairs; petiole red-tinted
broad about 5 mm. long grooved bristly. Umbel small terminal
of 2-4 flowers ; flower-bud globose relatively large ; outer bracts
leathery rounded with a tail as long as the base dark red-brown
1 cm. long or a little more keeled and puberulous outside shortly
ciliate, inner bracts oblong densely silky about 1.5 cm. long 7 mm.
or more broad cucullate; bracteoles short about 8 mm. long
thread-like pilose throughout and white hair-crested ; pedicels
stout about 1.5 cm. long densely clad with bristle-like red glands
densely so at the swollen tip where are also a few fasciate flock-
hairs. Calyx persistent small somewhat fleshy about 2 mm.
long glabrous outside divided about half way into 5 subequal
rounded broad lobes with long marginal bristle-glands. Corolla
tubular-campanulate pale rose-pink without markings about
3-3 cm. long glabrous outside and inside ; tube slightly thicker
at base and retuse with faint inside interpetaline ridges 5-lobed ;
lobes broad rounded about 1.3 cm. long 2 cm. broad emarginate
slightly crenulate. Stamens 1o slightly unequal much shorter
than corolla and slightly shorter than gynaeceum, longest stamen
about 2.3 cm. long shortest about 1.8 cm. long ; filaments slightly
dilated downwards glabrous, anthers about 2 mm. long. Disk
glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.5 cm. long shorter than corolla ;
ovary about 3 mm. long dome-shaped deeply grooved truncate
densely clad with bristle-glands and short glands and a few
fasciate flock-hairs ; style stout glabrous swollen below the broad
discoid lobulate stigma.

S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween
divide. Alt. 14,000 ft. Lat. 28° 14’ N. In cane brakes
and rhododendron thickets. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers pale
rose-pink without markings. G. Forrest. No. 16,826.
July i918.

Rh. trichomiscum is one of a group of beautiful moorland
-Rhododendrons discovered by Forrest in the Tsarong district
of S.E. Tibet on the slopes of Ka-gwr-pw and Doker-la. The
other members of the group are Rh. eudoxum, Balf. f. et Forrest,*
Rh. temenium, Balf. f. et Forrest, and Rh. pothinum, Balf. f.
et Forrest (see p. 147 of this story). They are forms which
occupy a position amongst Rhododendrons between those
which we can assemble around Rh. sanguineum, Franch. in a
Sanguineum series and those which aggregate about RA. nerti-
florum, Franch. in a series which has not yet been sufficiently

* Notes R.B.G. Edin., xi (1919), 60. tT Ibid., 146.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. I7I

studied for prescription of limitation. When describing Rh.
eudoxum 1 placed it as an aberrant form of the Sanguineum
series. When describing Rh. temenium I emphasised its relation-
' ship to Rh. neriiflorum. In Rh. pothinum and Rh. trichomiscum
we have now two new forms which add to our data for framing
phyletic lines, but Iam not to discuss them in detail here. There
is still a mass of related material of Forrest’s collecting that
requires analysis before sound deductions are possible. I will
only say that these new species are closely allied to the forms
already known and show the same character intermediate to
Rh. sanguineum on the one side and Rh. neriiflorum on the
other. The prominent character of relation—one which appears
at sight—is that of the underleaf indumentum which in RA.
eudoxum is a thin white veil of interwoven floccose hairs—only
requiring thickening to represent fairly well a typical Sanguineum
series indumentum—which is more or less detersile and in RA.
pothinum is absent altogether from the first and so we are taken
to Rh. neriiflorum.* Additional material which has reached
us from Forrest since the date of my previous writing on this
subject enables me to establish as a character possessed by all of
the four species here mentioned the development of bristles on
the young stems, leaf-petioles, and even on the lamina-bases.
These bristles sometimes disappear early: and this explains
omission of mention of them in the description of Rh. eudoxum.
In that species as in the others they occur. In a key which I
framed of diagnostic marks between some of the members of
the Sanguineum series,} Rh. eudoxum is included and occupies
an isolated position, and to shorten my writing the following
extension of that portion of the key which refers to Rh. eudoxum
will suffice to bring out the relation between it and its three
allies of which we"have been speaking, and with which it forms
without question a subsidiary phylum between that of Rh.
sanguineum and that of Rh. neriiflorum :—

Underleaf surface grey-green, glabrou
Scale-leaves of the bud falling at cena
. Stems, ohne sig midrib in part ped sctnlose

Pedicels and oats “densely fasciate-floccose
landular.

Calyx 3m mm. long ; cup and lobes pap
n ba na lobes deep red floccose
ersisten
Corolla eran seine dark rose unspotted.
Staminal filaments glabrou :
Style shorter than corolla . pothinum.
* See Notes R.B.G. Edin., xi (1919), pp. 76, 123.
+ Ibid., 80

172 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Underleaf surface yellow-green sparingly floccose or
abrescent.
Scale-leaves of bud falling at expansio
Stems and Sana red-setulose w "ith | floccose sub-

atum
Pedicels as ovaries s with setulose- past and
fl e substratum; ovaries floc-
cose shortly glandular
Calyx I cm. long; cup and lobes glabrous
x: ae ark red floccose-

e persis
Corolla tubulr-campanlate deep crimson
uns
Staminal est nts glabrous.
Style longer than corolla . ‘ temenium,
Underleaf surface yellow-green sparingly floccose.
Scale-leaves of the bud falling at expan
Stems, petioles and midrib in part a ES
eglandular
Pedicels and ovaries fasciate-floccose setulose
glandular.

Calyx 2 mm. long; cup and lobes glabrous
on back; lobes pale-coloured floc-
cose-ciliate persistent.

Corolla tubular-campanulate pale rose-pink

unspotted.
Staminal filaments glabrous.
tyle shorter than corolla trichomiscum,
Underleaf surface oe with a thin veil of
occose hairs
Scale-leaves of the bud failing at expansion
Stem, petioles and midrib red- Ame and shortly
glandular often glabres
Pedicels and ovaries shortly pe s
Calyx 7 mm. long; cup floccose and glan-
ular on back; lobes red glabrous
on back, floccose and gland-cilfate

deciduous,
Corolla tubular-campanulate dark rose
sparingly spotted
Staminal filaments puberulous.
Style equalling in length corolla ; eudoxum,

Amongst the typical members of the Sanguineum series RA.
trichomiscum finds a resembling form in Rh. cloiophorum, Balf. f.
et Forrest. In form and tint of foliage they are much alike
and that Rh. clotophorum within its phylum does not retain the
scale-leaves of its foliage-buds so markedly as is seen elsewhere
finds an echo in Rh. trichomiscum where the scale-leaves some-
times persist to the end of the season of formation. The flower-
colour in the living plants i is the same—rosé according to Forrest’s
description—and in both when dried the flowers fade to a
yellowish tint so evident that without the regulating statement

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 173

of the man on the spot a describer of the dried specimens would
not be blameable had he given yellow as the flower-colour. There
is no risk of confusion of the two species if the underleaf indu-
mentum be looked at, Rh. cloiophorum having the typical white
to buff-coloured bistrate indumentum of the Sanguineum series,
and it has no bristle-hairs on the stem.

U4\% Rhododendron trichophorum, Balf. f.* (Triflorum.)

Loosely branched shrub forming a few longer erect virgate
branches. Branches of the year bright green scaly with yellowish
scattered scales conspicuous beneath many white bristle-hairs ;
branchesa year old about 3.5 mm. in diameter becoming brown the
scales as blackish warts and the bristles blackening and persisting
for many years. Foliage-bud oblong-ovoid pointed ; outermost
scale-leaves crustaceous rounded or broadly triangular keeled
and mucronulate more or less ciliate; inner oblong or ovate ;
innermost thinner strap-shaped spathulate hooded blunt or
rounded shortly mucronulate about 1.5 cm. long 5 mm. broad
at the top; all more or less silky inside, scaly with yellowish
peltate scales outside, more or less ciliate ; young leaves con-
duplicate-convolute ciliate, both surfaces scaly, the upper also
puberulous and bearing bristles with the midrib slightly Saas
and puberulous, the under surface densely hairy on midri
Leaves petiolate as much as 9.5 cm. long ; lamina thinly ee
ovate or oblong-ovate as much as 9 cm. long 3.5 cm. broad
narrowed to an acute tip with a prominent red hydathodal mucro,
margin cartiJaginous slightly recurved, base cordulate or sub-
truncate ; upper surface opaque dark green, when young usually
red the red tint often remaining on the leaves in their second
year, slightly shagreened distantly black spotted with remains
of juvenile peltate scales also most minutely puberulous, the

* Rhododendron irichophorum, Balf. f£.-— Frutex laxe ramosus nunc ramos
virgatos emitten ns. Rami hornotini laete virides lepidoti et pallide setosi, anno»
me : 5 a

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aQ
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erulae intimae ee circ. 1.5 cm. longae 5 mm. latae intus sericeae,

ad 9.5 cm. longa M lgsnina tenuiter coriacea ovata vel oblango-ovata ad 3.5 cm

anti ™,
Gynaeceum corolla longius; ovarium lepidotum pilo- cristatum ;
stylus basi pilosus ; stigma kermesinum parv

174 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

midrib slightly grooved with a puberulous ridge in the groove,
primary veins some 9 on each side pinnately radiating ; under
surface paler scaly with yellowish peltate scales about I mm.
apart each with a broad umbo and narrow fringe, hairless except
on the prominent midrib which is puberulous and bristly, primary
veins slightly prominent ; petiole short and broad about 5 mm.
long puberulous and densely bristly also with a few peltate
scales, slightly grooved above. Flowers in terminal usually
4-flowered umbels ; bracts falling as flowers expand ; bracteoles
filiform with spathulate apex about 1.5 cm. long shorter than
pedicels, hairy on back and scaly on underside of broader tip ;
pedicels green about 2 cm. long scaly and bristly with white
bristles. Calyx small cup-shaped or saucer-shaped about 1.5 mm.
long green scaly and hairy outside the 5 lobes rounded or pointed
longer than the cup with long marginal white cilia. Corolla of
butterfly-form with funnel-shaped laterally compressed tube
which is pinkish passing into white at base of posterior petal,
the limb rich violet (hortense-violet) with a white area on posterior
petal and many green spots, as much as 4 cm. long ; tube fleshy
deeply grooved outside at base specially on each side of posterior
petal correspondingly ridged inside, more or less pouched the
posterior petal much more so than the others, inside puberulous
in the throat, expanding obliquely into 5-lobed limb; lobes
ovate or oblong-ovate obtuse posterior erect broadest as much
as 2 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad entire. Stamens Io unequal, longest
about equalling corolla some 4 cm. long with anther 3.5 mm. long,
shortest about 2 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments
flushed pink slightly dilated downwards, base naked over about
3 mm. then with a tuft of villous hairs, hairless above ; anthers
ochre-coloured. Disk puberulous below the ovary. Gynaeceum
about 4.5 cm. long a little longer than corolla ; ovary about 4 mm.
long conoid truncate densely scaly hair-crested ; style pink hairy
at base slightly swollen and forming a narrow crimson lip below
the discoid lobed crimson stigma.

Szechwan. Muping. Wilson. No, 4242.

Rh. trichophorum has appeared in several individuals along
with true Rh. villosum, Hemsl. et Wils., in a sowing of Wilson’s
No. 4242. That number is cited in Plantae Wilsonianae for
Rh. villosém from Muping and Rh. trichophorum may be taken
therefore to be a Muping plant. It is not Rh. villosum. The
two plants are very different in appearance and can be readily
separated by technical characters. The old leaves are hairless
on the upper surface not covered with bristles as in Rh. villosum
and not puberulous beyond the midrib below as the leaves are
in Rh. villosum ; the calyx is ciliate with bristle-hairs but not
villous with them all over; the corolla has a pink tube passing

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 175

into white lepidote and hairless outside with a violet limb not
a deep-red tube lepidote and hairy outside with purple limb;
the style is hairy not glabrous at base. When Rh. trichophorum
first showed amongst our plants of Rh. villosum it had the aspect
of a form of Rh. Augustinit, Hemsl., and it resembles that species
more than it does Rh. villosum. But Rh. Augustinit never has
the copious bristles on the stem and leaves which characterise
Rh. trichophorum, and in particular has the pedicels without
bristles; the underleaf peltate scales of Rh. Augustinii are
distant from one another by about the diameter of the scales,
sometimes a little more but rarely more than half a millimetre
apart, while in Rh. trichophorum they are about I mm. distant.
There are other differences also.

Rh, Amesiae, Rehd. et Wils., is another Muping plant of
this affinity. As described in Plantae Wilsonianae it shows
conspicuous differences from Rh. villosum in the warted not
bristly surface of the stem bristles being present only on the
petioles and in the hairless outer surface of the corolla.
A specimen under the type number Wilson 3444 in Kew Her-
barium kindly lent to me by the Director of Kew corresponds
with the description and there is growing at Kew a plant which
I have seen (not in flower) which in vegetative characters is
this Rh. Amesiae. But at Edinburgh we have a specimen
in our herbarium under the type number Wilson 3444 which
has the stems clad with bristles. The same has to be said of the
pedicels. In other characters it matches well Rehder and Wilson’s
plant. It would appear therefore that Rehder and Wilson’s
species may have either warted or bristly stems and pedicels.
The dried material at Kew and Edinburgh is scrappy and does
not suffice for much critical comparison of the two forms. If
Rh. Amesiae has sometimes bristles on the stem it is linked more
nearly with Rh. trichophorum but is yet distinct from it. Two
characters—one strong the other less so—may be given as
distinctions. The under surface of the leaf is in Rehder and
Wilson’s words ‘‘ densissime lepidota et ferruginea.’”’ The peltate
scales which are of different sizes are not quite contiguous but
always closer together than the diameter of the scales. In Rh.
trichophorum the under surface of the leaf is pale green the peltate
scales which are nearly uniform in size being distant usually
as much as i mm. apart as they are in Rh. villosum. This gives
a diagnostic mark recognisable at sight. The other character
referred to is in the corolla which has the tube villosulous
inside whilst in Rh. trichophorum there are only a few short hairs.

In Rh. trichophorum is added another to a small phylum
within the Triflorum series marked by the presence of bristles
more or less developed over the shoots and also on the pedicels.

X a

176 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

The other members of the phylum are Rh. Augustin (1889)—
after which as the longest described species we may call it the
Augustinil phylum—Rh. villosum (1910), Rh. Amestae (1913),

and . Vilmorinianum (1919). These are in cultivation.
fairer species of the phylum, Rh. chasmanthum, Diels (1912),
is not in cultivation.

Rhododendron vicarium, Balf. {.* (Lapponicum.)

A much-branched shrub with erect twiggy branches.
Branches a year old about 1 mm. in diameter scurfy with rusty
peltate scales aggregated together. Foliage-buds ovoid en-
wrapped in few scale-leaves ; outermost scale-leaves crustaceous
broad ovate about I mm. long rusty lepidote outside ciliate ;
intermediate somewhat rounded silky inside; imnermost of
parchment consistence pale yellow elliptic or oblong-oval boat-
shaped about 4 mm. long rounded or obtuse at apex sparingly

* Rhododendron vicarium, Balf. f.—Frutex multiramosus ramis erectis
virgatis. Ramuli annotini circ. t mm. diam. squamis peltatis rufis congestis

timae crustaceae latae ovatae acutae ci dorso rufo-lepidotae
ciliatae, i subrotundatae intus sericeae, intimae pergamentaceae
fla llipticae vel oblongo-ovales scaphoideae apice rotundatae vel ob-
tusa fo-le tae ciliatae ad api squameo-fimbriatae
Folia petiolata ad 1.1 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea
oblongo-ovalis vel li oblongo-ovata ad 9 mm a lata
apice obtusa vel rotundata nunc mucronulata margine paullo recurvate basi
late obtusa ; a atroviridis opaca squamis peltatis contiguis arescentibus
induta, squaamarum umbone lato plerumque incolorato, instit jata tran

media paullo prominula ; petiolus ad z mm. longus similiter ac coal: a.
Flores 1-2 ad aS ram plorum = ocr eat eae paucae aes
minusve Sage tia xterio lat, t

ongus fauce intus srsstenie rulus supra in Oger concavum 5-lobatum

ongi 5 mm.
lati od undulati. tamina 10 corolla sa sitesi longiora et

rpureo discoideo paullo ampliatus. Capsula erubescens squamarum vestigiis
obtecta angusta oe circ. 4 mm. longa 1.75 mm. diam. valvis 5 ab apice
basim dehiscens

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 197

rusty lepidote outside ciliate, at the tip scale-fringed. Leaves
petiolate as much as 1.1 cm. long; lamina thickly leathery
oblong-oval or oval or oblong-ovate as much as g mm. long
3 mm. broad with an obtuse or rounded apex here and there
mucronulate, the margin slightly recurved, broadly obtuse at
base ; upper surface dark green opaque clad with peltate con-
tiguous drying-up scales each with a broad umbo usually un-
coloured and an equally broad translucent fringe, midrib scarcely
grooved ; under surface tawny rust-coloured clothed with con-
tiguous peltate scales but often with a narrow naked interval
between forming a bistrate indumentum, some scales rust-
coloured of an upper stratum with a broad umbo full of secretion
and an equally broad scintillating fringe, others equally mixed
of a lower stratum uncoloured, midrib slightly prominent ;
petiole as much as 2 mm. long lepidote like the stem. Flowers
1-2 at the apex of the shoots, nearly sessile ; bracts few more or
less persistent during flowering ; outer ones crustaceous rounded
hooded keeled mucronulate rusty-lepidote outside margin thinner
ciliate ; innermost membranous pale brown oblong or obovate-
oblong about 6.5 mm. long 3.5 mm. broad lepidote and puberulous
outside woolly-ciliate ; pedicels barely 1 mm. long densely lepi-
dote. Calyx most minute barely 0.5 mm. long cup-shaped 5-lobed;
lobes rounded or tooth-like densely lepidote outside scale-fringed.
Corolla blue-violet about 1.3 cm. long lepidote and epilose out-
side; tube campanulate about 2.5 mm. long puberulous in the
throat expanding into a concave 5-lobed limb ; lobes oblong or
oblong-oval as much as 8 mm. long 5 mm. broad obtuse undulate.
Stamens ro shorter than corolla, alternately long and short,
longer about 9 mm. long with anther rt mm. long; filaments
broadened downwards and villous within the tube of the corolla
above their naked base. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about
7 mm. long shorter than corolla and stamens ; ovary cylindric
narrow 2 mm. long slightly sulcate densely imbricately yellowish-
lepidote ; style red-purple glabrous straight slightly expanded
under the lobulate dark purple discoid stigma. Capsule reddened
covered by the vestiges of peltate scales narrow oblong about
4 mm. long 1.75 mm. in diameter dehiscing by 5 valves from
apex to base.

W. Szechwan. Tatsienlu. Fleurs bleu-violet. J. A. Soulié.
No. 2772. Juin 27, 1894. In Herb. Paris.

Rh. vicarium is not a Yunnan species. As a Tatsienlu plant
it takes one for a comparison to the known forms from Szechwan.
These are (with their discoverers’ names) :—alpicolum (Wilson)
and its var. strictum (Wilson), blepharocalyx (Sou ié), Edgarianum
(Wilson), fastigiatum (Wilson), flavidum (Soulié), intricatum
(Soulié), nitidulwm (Wilson) and its var, nubigenum (Wilson),

178 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

polifolium (Soulié), fpsilostylum (Wilson), ramosissimum
(Wilson), verruculosum (Wilson), Websterianum (Wilson), viola-
ceum (Wilson). Is the plant described here as Rh. vicarium
not one of these ? If not, how does it differ ?

For future reference I will take those species successively in
alphabetical order :—

Rh. alpicolum.—Is an intricately branched plant not virgate
as is Rh. vicarium. Note, however, var. strictum is virgate. Is
one of the punctulate Lapponicums and has scattered rufous
scales over the underleaf surface of flavescent contiguous scales
not the nearly equal distribution of rufous and paler scales some-
times hardly contiguous of Rh. vicarium. Its flowers are soli-
tary but note in the var. strictum they are 2-3 in a truss. Its
calyx has unequal oblong lobes 2 mm. long sparingly ciliate, in
the var. stvictum equal all ovate and 1.5 mm. long, very different
from the hardly developed about 0.5 mm. long calyx of Rh.
vicarium which is eciliate and scale-fringed. Its corolla is funnel-
shaped, glabrous outside, with a tube 4 mm. long and lobes
broadly ovate or obovate whilst in Rh. vicarium the tube is cam-
panulate 2.5 mm. long lepidote outside and the lobes oval or
oblong-oval. Its ovary is conic not narrow cylindric. Its style
is pilose at base with a capitate stigma, glabrous however in
var. stvictum ; in Rh. vicarium glabrous with a discoid stigma.
Its capsule is ovoid not narrowed oblong. Kh. vicartum cannot
be placed in Rh. alpicolum.

Rh. blepharocalyx.—Here we have a grey uniform shining
tomentum, the corolla has a long tube and is elepidote, the
stamens are 5, the style shorter than the ovary. Altogether a
different plant.

Rh. Edgarianum.—So far as underleaf indumentum goes that
of this species shows sometimes an approach to that of Rh.
vicarium but is more commonly uniform. Rh. Edgarianum has
nearly globose not ovoid foliage-buds. Its leaves are broadly
ovate or broadly oval and always under 1 cm. in length, in Rh.
vicarium they are oval or oblong-oval or oblong-ovate and reach
1.1 cm. long. Flowers are solitary not in pairs. Bracts are
deciduous not persistent during flowering. Calyx is membran-
ous purpling or yellow-green with 5 oval oblong obtuse or acutish
lobes 2-2.5 mm. long and I-1.5 mm. broad and ciliate, below the
middle lepidote ; very different from the minute lepidote and
scale-fringed calyx about 0.5 mm. long of Rh. vicarium. Its
_ corolla is funnel-shaped elepidote with a tube 5 mm. long and
broadly ovate or obovate lobes not campanulate lepidote with a
tube2.5mm.long. Its stamens 8not1o. Its ovary conic with
a style longer than the stamens and bearing a capitate stigma
not cylindric with style shorter than stamens and bearing a

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 179

discoid stigma. Its capsule ovoid not narrow oblong. Ra.
vicaritum cannot be identified with Rh. Edgarianum.

Rh. fastigiatum.—I have not seen the plant from near
Tatsienlu which Rehder and Wilson identify as Rh. fastigiatum,
Franch., and am disposed to doubt the identification on the
ground that Franchet’s species in all the specimens of it which
I have seen is a Yunnan plant only. One may have a clue to
Wilson’s plant in Rehder and Wilson’s identification of Franchet’s
kh. capitatum with it. That isa point I have not yet investigated.
There is more than one species in the Paris Herbarium under
the name Rh. capitatum. Even if Rh. fastigiatum be a Tatsienlu
plant it is not Rh. vicarium. At a glance it can be separated
by the discontiguous scales of its uniform underleaf indumentum
so different from the bi-coloured state of Rh. vicarium, and then
it has 3-5 flowered trusses not 1-2 anda large membranous calyx
not a nearly obsolete one; 10 long stamens longer than not
shorter than corolla ; a long exserted style exceeding the stamens
not included and shorter than the stamens ; an ovoid not narrow
oblong capsule. Rh. vicartum is very different.

Rh. flavidum as a yellow-flowered species is readily separated
from Rh. vicarium. ~

Rh. intricatum differs from Rh. vicarium in the same characters
as does Rh. blepharocalyx, only it has Io stamens.

Rh. nitidulum.—Is a much broader-leaved species than Rh.
vicarium and the prominent scintillating scales of the upper-
leaf indumentum are characteristic and give the leaf a different
look from the opaque surface with its drying-up scales in Rh.
vicarium. Its hardly contiguous uniform underleaf scales are
a contrast to the bi-coloured scales in RA. vicarium. It has a
membranous calyx with unequal lobes 2 mm. long sparingly
ciliate at apex whereas the calyx of Rh. vicarium is nearly obso-
lete and has no cilia but is scale-fringed. Its .funnel-shaped
corolla elepidote outside with tube about 5 mm. long and oval
obovate lobes 1 cm. long is a different construction from the
campanulate corolla lepidote outside with tube about 2.5 mm.
long and oblong or oblong-oval lobes 8 mm. long in Rh. vicarium.
Its conic ovary with style longer than stamens contrasts with
the cylindric ovary and style shorter than stamens in RA.
vicarium, as does its capitate stigma with the discoid stigma of
Rh. vicarium. Soulié’s No. 2772 is certainly not Rh. nitidulum.

Rh. nitidulum var. nubigenum differs chiefly from the type
in having smaller leaves and larger calyx and by so much is
more different from Rh. vicarium.

Rh. polifolium.—As 1 am for the moment in difficulties over
this species I cannot write from observation. A Paris specimen
in Edinburgh Herbarium under the name is not the plant and

180 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

is perhaps a new species. I can therefore only compare Rh.
vicarium with Franchet’s description of his species Rh. polifolium
and this Inowdo. __Franchet says nothing about indumentum
but places Rh. polifolium near Rh. thymifolium. If that be so
one would expect the underleaf indumentum to be grey or
brown of contiguous scales and punctulate. The punctulation
is not very prominent in Rh. thymifolium however and might
be missed even by Franchet who first noticed it in Rh. nigro-
punctatum. Certainly Rh. thymifolium indumentum is very
different from the bi-coloured fulvo-rufous indumentum of
Rh. vicartum and our Paris specimen under Rh. polifolium
(that name has been substituted for thymifolium on the
ticket) shows the silver-grey shining under surface without
punctulation such as is seen in the Subseries C * of the Lap-
ponicum series, in which was included Rh. polifolium on the
evidence of this Paris specimen. Flowers in Rh. polifolium are
in a fascicle of 2-3, more often 2; there are many floriferous
buds side by side at the ends of the branchlets without inter-
posed leaves; the inflorescence is lateral like that of Rh. race-
mosum, Franch. only more contracted. (This I do not find in the
Paris specimen hence my interpretation that Franchet did not
mean to speak of a fascicle; + perhaps I am quite wrong, for the
Paris specimen apart from this has a quite short style shorter than
stamens, whilst true Rh. polifolium has a long one far exceeding
the stamens.) Taking Rh. polifoliwum as having a fascicled
inflorescence according to description this is very different from
the solitary and paired flowers terminal in Rh. vicarium. Then
Rh. polifolium true has exserted stamens and style far exceeding
stamens, in Rh. vicayium the stamens are shorter than corolla
and the style is shorter than the stamens. Calyx-lobes in Rh.
polifoium are ovate or ovate-deltoid 1-2 mm. long and ciliate,
whilst in Rh. vicarium there is the obsolete scale-fringed eciliate
calyx. Certainly Rh. vicarium is not the Rh. polifolium of
Franchet’s description.

Rh. psilostylum is easily separated by its indumentum and
yellow flowers.

Rh. ramosissimum.—Rehder and Wilson’s plant from Tatsienlu
is not the true Rh. ramosissimum. What it is I cannot yet say—
possibly a new species. But Rh. vicarium is not Franchet’s Rh.
vamosissimum having a puberulous corolla-throat and it is not
Rehder and Wilson’s species a comparison with which will be
made at some other time.

Rh. verruculosum.—This species has pilose as well as lepidote
twigs, Rh. vicarium has only lepidote ones. The leaves are oval
or elliptic-ovate, in Rh. vicarium oblong-oval or oval or oblong-

* See Notes R.B,G. Edin., ix (1916), 310. ft Ibid., /.c.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 181

ovate. Upper surface has scales “‘ flavidis lucidis ’’—the surface
is opaque in Kh. vicarium. Scales on under surface not con-
tiguous and dark-coloured ones are scattered evidently punctulate
in kh. verruculosum, in Rh. vicarium equally distributed. Flowers
solitary, but 2 in Rh. vicarium. Calyx-lobes ovate or rounded
1-2 mm. long densely villous-ciliate, in Rh, vicavium obsolete
scale-fringed. Corolla funnel-shaped with tube 4 mm. long but
in Rh. vicarium tube campanulate 2.5 mm. long—in both corolla
is lepidote. Stamens 7-8 not 10. Ovary conic not cylindric.
Style much longer than stamens, not shorter as in Rh. vicarium.
Stigma capitate not discoid. Quite distinct from Rh. vicarium.

Rh. Websterianum is one of the silvery underleafed forms with
large flowers and long exserted style. It is not like Rh. vicarium.

Rh. violaceum.—Has the same habit. Leaves are sometimes
acute never in RA. vicarium. Flowers 1-3, in Rh. vicarium
usually 2. Petiole 2-3 mm., the maximum is 2 mm. in RA.
vicarium. Calyx-lobes 0.5-2 mm., ovate or rounded on a cupular
base, ciliate at apex but as in RA. vicarium the margin is lepidote
and often scarious, in Rh. vicarium I have not seen a scarious
margin nor cilia and the lobes are nearly obsolete the whole
calyx barely 0.5 mm. long. Corolla funnel-shaped glabrous
outside, tube 4-5 mm. long, in Rh. vicarium tube campanulate 2.5
mm. long and corolla lepidote. Ovary conic not cylindric.
Style exceeding stamens not shorter. Stigma capitate not
discoid. Capsule ovoid not oblong 5 mm. long not
Rh. vicarium is nearest to this species but is distinct. From the
specimen and description I take the main differences to be :—

Leaves larger and more glossy in Rh. vicariu

Calyx-lobes much smaller 0.5 mm. long pany more lepidote and

fleshy eciliate.
Corolla-tube shorter 2.5 mm, campanulate. Corolla lepidote not
ett outside puberulous not villous inside.

Ovary much smaller pect sig

Style an than stam

Capsule narrowly oblong

The type of Rh. violacewm I have seen is Wilson No. 3460, and
there are two distinct plants under the number—one with discon-
tiguous underleaf indumentum is certainly not the Rh. violaceum.

Rhododendron Vilmorinianum, Balf.f.* (Triflorum.)

An erect bush in cultivation with rigid straight stiff thin
branches. Branchlets of the year barely 1 mm. in diameter

* Rhododendron f sonnel Balf. {.—Frutex erectus ramis strictis rigidis
tenuibus. Ramuli hornotini vix 1 mm. diam. puberuli et sparsim setulosi sigil-
latim lepidoti, annotini si Se et sparsim lepidoti et setulosi erubescentes.
Folia petiolata oblongo-lanceolata ad 6 cm. longa; lamina ad 5 cm. longa 1.5 cm.
lata acutim attenuata et longe mucronata, margine crenulata ciliata, basi obtusa ;

182 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

finely puberulous and with a few scattered twisted bristles also
lepidote with white large adpressed seal-like peltate uniform
scales .25 mm. in diameter irregularly distributed some dis-
contiguous others contiguous year-old branchlets reddening
the scales becoming reddish or yellowish. Foliage-bud ovoid
narrowed to top shorter and thicker than in RA. Augustinii finely
puberulous and sparsely lepidote solitary terminal or forming
an apical cluster, last foliage-leaves close beneath the bud which
has several outer leaves intermediate to foliage and true scale-
leaves (each with an axillary bud), outer scale-leaves short
rounded or broadly ovate or broadly triangular, pointed shortly
acuminate not caudate, more or less puberulous and lepidote
outside, followed by oblong or long oval or ovate scale-leaves be-
coming gradually more convolute the inner of which have distinct
midrib and are most lepidote on both sides of it ; innermost green
enclosing the concave erect slightly convolutely overlapping -
young foliage-leaves which have a few peltate scales scattered
on each side of midrib of epilose upper surface save for puberulous
midrib and the under surface epilose lepidote with white seal-
like scales almost contiguous, the margin with a few long twisted
hairs ; petiole puberulous and with a few long setulose hairs.
Leaves petiolate as much as 6 cm. long stiff horizontally spread-
ing; lamina chartaceous oblong-lanceolate as much as 5 cm.
long 1.5 cm. broad tapered to an acute point ending in a promi-
nent red-topped apiculate mucro, margin cartilaginous notched
sparsely bristly-ciliate or eciliate flat or obscurely recurved,
base obtuse ; upper surface dark green often becoming dark
purple-red mat flat not bullate but finely rugulose and minutely
papillose epilose excepting the grooved puberulous midrib,
primary veins some 8 or g on each side hidden, lepidote with a
few blackish or reddish distant peltate scales about the midrib,
intervals between the scales much wider than the scales (about
I in asq. mm.), scales often difficult to see in old leaves ; under
surface pale green becoming slightly tawny lepidote with many
brown nearly uniform peltate scales filled with reddish secretion
discontiguous, intervals between the scales about width of
scales (3-5 in a sq. mm.) midrib elevated paler and like rest of
supra atroviridis nunc purpureo-rubra opaca plana haud bullata epilosa (costa
media sulcata puberula excepta) squamis distantibus sparsim lepidota; infra

3-floras dispositi; pedicelli vix 1 cm. longi squamis albidis discontiguis lepidoti.

parvus. Corolla zygomorpha alba varo flavo basali et maculis aurantiacis

notata extus sparsim lepidota epilosa; lobi undulato-lobulati. Stamina 10

inaequalia corollam vix aequantia; filamenta pubescentia; antherae kermesinae.

Gynaeceum staminibus longius corollam subaequans; ovarium lepidotum pilo-
cristatum ; stylus basi puberulus

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 183

surface epilose, primary veins invisible ; petiole about 1 cm. long
commonly reddish finely puberulous and sparingly lepidote its
margin bristly with twisted bristles. Flowers in a terminal
3-flowered umbel ; flower-bud globular ovoid smaller than in RA.
Augustinit solitary with a cluster of small foliage-buds one in
each leaf-axil below and close up to it; bracts falling as
the fiowers open, inner bracts at time of fall brown crustaceo-
membranous oblong truncate apiculate cucullate outside lepi-
dote puberulous, margin ciliate, inside more or less silkily
adpressed hairy, about 1.2 cm. long 6 mm. broad; bracteoles fili-
form at first white then brown membranous about 1.3 cm. long
longer than pedicel adpressed hairy throughout on back and
towards top sparingly lepidote hair-crested ; pedicels short
green about 8 cm. long 1.5 mm. in diameter densely but dis-
contiguously white lepidote with small scales, not expanding
into the calyx-cup set on straight or only slightly oblique to
axis of flower. Calyx green lepidote outside lobes sometimes
faintly tinted ochre at top; cup about I mm. long somewhat
fleshy 5-lobed; lobes unequal postero-lateral largest elongated
triangular or oblong obtuse or deltoid as much as 1.5 mm. long
often less, anterior lobes minute teeth on margin of calyx-cup,
margin ciliate. Corolla butterfly-shaped but not conspicuously
so greenish in bud at first yellowish-white then white with ochre-
coloured spots posteriorly inside on disk of limb, about3.5 cm. long
lepidote all over outside with distant white peltate scales epilose,
puberulous inside at base of disk of limb ; tube oblique funnel-
shaped about 5 mm. long in front, longer behind, slightly later-
ally compressed about 1.5 mm. in diameter at base and there
slightly fleshy and gibbous especially posteriorly, deeply grooved
outside and correspondingly ridged inside expanding upwards
into a concave limb with 5 spreading recurving lobes ; disk of
the limb somewhat rugose; lobes oval or oblong oval with
beautifully undulate almost fringed margin subequal a little
over 2 cm. long and nearly 2 cm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal,
longest barely as long as corolla about 3.3 cm. long with anther
about 2.5 mm, long, shortest about 2.3 cm. long with anther 1.5
mm. long all spreading not so declinate as usual in the Triflorum
series ; filaments white slightly dilated downwards glabrous
at base over 3.4 mm. then hair-tufted and densely pubescent
above the ovary filling up base of concave limb of corolla,
glabrous above; anthers crimson. Disk green with a dense
fringe of hairs at top. Gynaeceum about 3.5 cm. long a little
longer than stamens and about same length as corolla ; ovary
about 2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. in diameter conoid angular green
lepidote with translucent white small scales hair-crested at top ;
style delicate greenish-yellow glabrous but with a very few short

184 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

hairs on it above the ovarian hair-crest slightly clavate at top
with a green lip under the small flat green lobulate stigma which
is hardly as broad as the style.

Raised by M. de Vilmorin from seed probably collected by
Farges in E. Szechwan.

This is a: plant which seems to pass commonly in gardens as
the white-flowered form of Rh. Augustinii, Hemsl. There is a
figure of it in Flora and Silva, iii (1905), 162. The plant is not
Rh. Augustinii. Everyone who has grown Rh. Augustini knows
the character by which the species is readily recognised—the
downy midrib on the under surface of the leaves which surface
is otherwise lepidote but not hairy. Search for it in Rh. Vilmo-
yinianum is. vain. There then is a technical diagnostic mark
between the species. It is one that can be seen at all times
making easy recognition of plants not in flower. But it is
by no means the only distinctive mark. The two plants are
altogether different in habit. Rh. Vilmorinianum, whether
grown in exposed situations outside or under shelter in a
cool plant-house is a stiff erect shrub with straight diverging
branches bearing stiff horizontal leaves with flat upper surface
in the growing season, and during the resting period the leaves
are often stiffly deflexed on petioles about one centimeter long,
whilst Rh. Augustinii is a flexuously branched shrub with
leaves usually convex above and drooping on petioles about
half a centimeter long. The flower-buds are globular ovoid
and stand up well above the leaves during the resting period,
surrounded below by a small cluster of small vegetative buds ;
in Rh. Augustinit the flower-buds are ovoid pointed much
narrower and longer and the vegetative buds below are longer.
The inflorescence is in all the plants seen a 3-flowered umbel
never rising to 6-flowered as in RA. Augustinit, in which too there
may occur a fascicle of umbels at the end of the branch, and the
pedicels are short about one centimeter (or under it) long not
1.5-2 cm. The corolla as it elongates from the bracts is more
or less green and changes through a yellowish-white to white
with ochre-coloured spots posteriorly on the disk and the lobes
are beautifully undulate almost fringed ; in RA. Augustinii the
corolla shoots out with a lilac or blue tint and when expanded
has the same tint with green spots and the undulations on
the lobes are less pronounced. The stamens barely equal
the corolla in length in Rh. Vilmorinianum not longer than
the corolla as is usual in Rh. Augustiniz, and the anthers are
crimson not pink.

Whether there is in cultivation another white-flowered plant
which is truly a form of Rh. Augustinii I do not know. The
plant here described certainly differs from Rh. Augustinit.,

; INDEX.

Names of. Species

and Varieties of Rhododendron mentioned in
the precedi

preceding pages.

aemu lorum

2 OS, 27.

i)
aA
aa
oe
fe)
fe)
=
pat
~

7470.

m, 90, 9
Avuinihi, 4 tea. 184.
- australe, 98.

basilicum, 140, 158.
blepharocalyx, 177, 178;-279:-

calophytum, r

ocarpum, I
ph ace alte ea 102.
decipiens, 158.

discolor, 147.

eclecteum, 105, 108, 137, 138.
Edgarianum, nin oe 179.
Elliottii,

erile

oxum, 97, 148, 149, 170, 171, 172.
pee ee m, 92, 93, 158.

Falconeri, 2 93, 130, ica a 158, 159.
131

Falconeri var. Macabean

fastigiatum, 2 177, 1

Feddei

aetctacous. I a 1.
avidum, r

fulgens, 156.

oc aeoag ning 115.

fulvu

galactinum, 150, 151,
grande, 130, 132, 152, a.

orang oF 97.
Hancean
Hancock, 2 13 ra

sneha taste 115, 117, 154.
aepd

Hodgs soni, 158, I
hormophiortim, ii7, to, 120
hypopha » 120,13

intricatum, 177, 179.
Jenestierianum, 122.

Kingianum, 132.

longistylum, 122.

Macabeanum, 128, 130, 131, 132.

melinanthum, 99, 162.
mollicomum, 117, 154.
moulmeinense, 135.

nakotiltum, 148.
nematocalyx, 135.
sa wince ee ee,
um, 180.
is tm t77,:x75;
nitidulum var. nubigenum, £77, 370:

oreotrephes, 168.
oxyphyllum, 135.

panteumorphum, 103.
phaeochrysum, go.
pittosporaefolium, r35;
planetum, 145, 146.
polifolium, 178, 1 Me

oothinum, — eee £70; 151;
sraestans,

preptum, 149, 151, 158
protistum, 161, 152.

pyrrhoanthum, 154.

racemosum, 1
3 : 159.

satertlaation, 160.

sanguineum, 97, 170, 17T.
oe ee 154.

185

186 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

siamense, 135. verruculosum, 178, 180, 181.
sidereum, 92, 162. vicarium 176, 177; 178; 179, 180, 181,
sino-Falconeri, 158. villosum, mae 175,
sinogrande, 130. Vilmorinianum, 776, 7181, 183, 184.
stamineum, 135. violaceum, 178,
stenaulum,
sulfureum, 142, 143
War 105,°527
Ses F47- har tre 78, rag
Westlandii, 135
tapeinum, 164, 1 Wilsonas, 145.

temenium, 149, oe 5715-172:
Thomsoni, 108.
thymifolium, 180. xanthinum, roo.

trichocladum

trichom miscum, 46, , 169, be 171, 172.
trichophorum, 178, 174,

triflorum, 1 zaleucum, II
Tutcherae, 135. zeylanicum, res. 156,

yunnanense, Irg.

Printed under the feinoare 4 of His —— s sepa Office
L & Co., Lrp., Edinb

Regional Spread of Moisture in the Wood
of Trees.

II.—Moisture-Spread in a Graft-Region.
BY

WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A.,
Regius Professor of Botany in the University of Aberdeen.

With Plate CLXV.

AN earlier paper * summarised the results of experiments on
the spread of moisture in the wood of deciduous trees through-
out the winter and early spring. The moisture present in each
of the wood sections examined was expressed in terms of the
percentage of the dry weight of the sections. In other words,
the percentage represented the absolute amount of moisture
present in 100 grms. (dry weight) of the wood of each particular
section. This method of calculation has been objected to + on
the grounds that a variable factor—specific gravity —is
involved. I admit that an ideal result to have achieved
would have been the separate estimation of the water of imbibi-
tion and the physiologically available or free water per unit
volume.

At the commencement of the investigations various schemes
were formulated for the purpose of arriving at definite conclusions
along these lines. Every such theoretical scheme was in its
turn abandoned when the practical details were considered.
Some of the schemes involved, for example, the accurate
determination of the volume of small, irregularly shaped pieces
of dry wood—a process which would almost certainly lead to
the introduction of errors. Other schemes, where accurate
volumetric calculations were unnecessary, postulated very true
cutting of the wood, so that all the ultimate sections should be
of absolutely uniform dimensions and consequently of equal
volume. The necessity for this accurate cutting of the sections
militated against such a course of procedure. But. a still
greater objection, to my mind, was the seme neglect of

* Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 1 (1918
+ Groom in Trans. Roy. Scot. Arb. Soc., xxxiii, p. ie (1919).
[Notes, R. , Edin., No. LEX, May 1920.] ; A

wt. a Ral & Co., ri Gp. 10,

188 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES.

the annual ring as the unit structure of the wood. The
necessary cutting of the wood into absolutely equal sections
would result in many, if not all, of these sections having a
disproportionate amount of either spring or summer wood. If
the true balance between the two regions of the annual zone
be not preserved, then, as has been proved experimentally,
distorted results will follow.. There is -another objection.
Uniformity in the wood would be postulated, e.g. an occluded
dead branch would vitiate the whole results, or, if the branch
were cut out, allowance could only be made by accurate volu-
metric determination.

As confirming the results arrived at by the methods adopted
by me, we find that newly felled timber, especially when seen in
median longitudinal section, gives a visible demonstration of the
distribution of the moisture. An approximate graphic repre-
sentation of the moisture-distribution can be made from a glance
at the newly felled wood. This statement is made on the
strength of results of trials during the experiments. On several
occasions I constructed graphs of the moisture-distribution from
the appearance of the wood in longitudinal section, and these
graphs agreed in their main details with the graphs made from
the calculations following on the drying of the sections.

That the main details of the moisture-distribution can be
gauged from visual examination can be confirmed, I think, by
reference to the accompanying plate, which is a reproduction
of a photograph through the graft-region of a newly felled tree
of which the scion was a form of Pyrus Aria and the stock was
probably Pyrus Aria.

Excluding the dark-coloured heartwood, which occurs only
in the stock, we find that both stock and scion have a central
pale-coloured area bounded on both sides by darker-coloured
areas. The colour-shades are due to the moisture-content, the
darker-coloured areas having a much higher moisture-content
than the paler-coloured, and the transition between the two areas
is not abrupt but gradual. A graph constructed from these
details would be low in the central region, rising with some
irregularities through the intermediate region to its maximum
in the youngest wood. This brief general description would
apply to the graph of the lower parts of the trunk of Acer
Pseudoplatanus for March* if we leave out the very dry
youngest wood of the Acer. And with the same proviso the
two finished graphs correspond in their general outline.

So far I have referred to the accompanying plate as a visible
demonstration of moisture-distribution in wood. Of much more
interest are the deductions to be drawn from an examination

* Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, pl. clix (1919).

CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. 189

and comparison of the conditions found in the stock and in
the scion. As a preliminary it will be well to give a fuller
description of the plate.

As already stated, the stock was probably Pyrus Aria, and
the scion was a form of that species. The tree was felled entire
on the morning of oth April 1919, at which time the buds were
considerably swollen, though none were yet open. The spread
of the moisture radially away from the centre has made con-
siderable progress, the stage reached in this movement being,
as noted above, practically that of the March Acer.

The line of the graft is shown very clearly marking off
the stock and the scion as two regions whose physiological
activities, at least as regards moisture-spread, do not synchronise,
The stock is visibly ahead of that part of the scion immediately
above it in the extent to which the radial spread of the moisture
has been carried. As a natural consequence of the more
advanced stage reached by the stock, we find that a wet part
ot the scion overlies a dry part of the stock. Without some
restraining influence, we should naturally expect the moisture
from the wetter region to diffuse downwards along the walls of
the drier cells immediately below.

Cannot one deduce from this that the moisture-spread is a
controlled or vital phenomenon and not a purely physical one ?
To all intents and purposes a grafted tree of this age is structur-
ally one tree, and if the moisture-spread were a purely physical
happening then there would not be such a marked and sudden
difference in the amount of the spread above and below the
graft-line. Both stock and scion perform their accustomed
cycles independently. This touches many important biological
problems, the consideration of which must be dealt with in
subsequent papers.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXV.

Illustrating Professor a pot S paper on — Spread of Moisture in
e Wood of Tre

PLATE CLXV.— —Photograph of graft-region in longitudinal section , Showing
moisture-distribution above and below the graft-line. va te gs
en immediately after the tree was felled

PLATE CLXV.

MOISTURE-SPREAD A GRAFT-REGION

DIAGNOSES

Specierum novarum
in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum.

CCCCLI-D.

THE species and varieties described in this series are :—

SPECIES ASIATICAE :—
Ajuga sciaphila, W. W. Sm., p. 193.
ie shweliensis, W. W. Sm , P- 194
Arenaria salweenensis, W. W. Sm -, P. 194.
‘Aristolochia Delavayi, Franch., var. micrantha, W. W. Sm.,

p. 195.

Artemisia Forrestii, W. W. Sm., p. 195.

Campanula calc ‘tole W. W. Sm., p. 196.

Ekrdbie egia aridicola, W. W. Sm., 5 197.

Ceropegia dolichophylla, Schitr. , Var. purpureo-barbata, W. W.
Sm 198.

Caiapeitin ti licbicetd: W. W. Sm., p. 198.

Ceropegia muliensis, W. W. Sm., p. 199
leom nnanensis, W. W. Sm 199
Cremanthodium angustifolium, W. W. Sm., p. 200
Cremanthodium bulbilliferum, W. W. Sm., p. 201
odi ea We W. W. Sm., p. 201
Cremanthodium Farr W. Sm., p. 2

. W. Sg ie
a theca Craib et W. W. Sm., . 207.
Jasminum dumicolum, W. W. Sm., p. 20
Jasminum. heterophylam, Roxb., var. glabricymosum, W. W.
Sm
‘incase ee EW: ie p. 209.
Jasminum taliense, W. “W. Sm ‘
Lactuca tsarongensis, W, W, Sin., >. 4h.

213.
Magnolia tsarongensis, W. W. Sm et G. Forrest, p. 215.
Michelia Lacei, W. W. Sm., p. 216.
Mucuna calophyila, W. W. ‘Sm., p. 216.
Ophiorrhiza umbricola, W. W. ce p. 217.
{ Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LIX, May 1920.]

192 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Parrya xerophyta, W. W. Sm.,

Plectranthus ee W. W. one 218.
Podocarpus Forrestii, Craib et W. We ‘Sie. p. 216.
Premna scoriarum, W. W. Sm., p. 219.

7. W.Sm
Schefflera (Heptapleurum) dumicoia, W. W. Sm.; p: 22r.
Scutellaria tenax, W. W. Sm., p. 22
Sideroxylon shweliense, W. W. Sm. of 223.
22 3-

Vaccinium oreogenes, W. W. Sm., p. as7.
Viburnum shweliense, W. W. Sm., p. 227.
Viola pogonantha, W. W. Sm., p. ‘228.
Wikstroemia leptop hylla, W. W. Sm., p. 229.
Wikstroemia esucuineg W. W. Sm., p. 229.

The species fall into the following natural orders :—

AcANTHACEAE : Dianthera sinensis, W. W. Sm., p. 204.
Strobilanthes shweliensis, W. W. Sm., p. 224.
Thunbergia salweenensis, W. W. Sm., p. 224.
ARALIACEAE: Schefflera (Heptapleurum) dumicola, W. W. Sm., p. 221.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE: ‘ Aristolochia Delavayi, Franch., var. micrantha,
. W.

m., p.
ASCLEPIADACEAE } Ceropegia aridicola Ww. W. Sm., p. 197.
Ceropegia aera Schltr., var. purpureo-
barbata, W. W. Sm., p. 198.
Ceropegia monticola, W. Pw. Sm., p. pis

ene sinowatsoni, W.
ComposiTaE : Artemisia Forrestii, W. W. Sm., 195.
Cremanthodium angustifolium, W. W. Sm., p. 200.
Cremanthodium bulbilliferum, W. W. Sm., p. 2or.

Cremanthodium Farreri, W Sm., p. 202
- Cre thodium suave, W Sm., p. 203
Lactuca tsarongensis, Sm., Dp. 21%

pcan Parrya xero . W. Sm
GERANIAC : Impatiens eiriihasephein W. Ww. Sa , Pp. 206
LABIATAE: Ajuga sciaphila, W. m., p. 193

Isholtzia pygmaea, W, W. Sm., p. 20

SPECIES “ASIATICAE: 3°: > 7 7 193

LecuminosaE : Indigofera Howellii, Craib et W. W. Sm., p. 207.
ucuna calophylla, W. W. Sm, p. 216.
LILIACEAE: Reineckia yunnanensis, W. W. Sm., p. 220.
To WwW

ce S
MAGNOLIACEAE: Magnolia mollicomata, W. W. Sm. 2 ail.
Magnolia nitida, W. W. Sm Pt
Magnolia rostrata, W. W. Sm os
ee tsarongensis, W. W. Sin, m. sal G. Forrest,

215.
Mic helia Lacei, W. W. Sm., p. 216.
MYRSINEAE : Ardisia shweliensis, W. W. Sm., p. 194.
OLEACEAE : Re a suaveolens, W. W. Sm., p. pei
Jasminum du micolum, W. W. Sm
Seaaimiri er Roxb., var. glabricymosum,
. W:

Sm., p. 209.

Jasminum m pulvinatum, W. W. Sm., 209.

Jasminum taliense, W. W. Sm., p. 21
RUBIACEAE : Ophiorrhiza umbricola, W. W. Sm. ae 217,
SAPOTACEAE : Sideroxylon shweliense, W. W. Sin. Pp. 223.
THYMELINEAE : Wikstroemia leptophylla, W. W. Sm., Pp. 229.

Wikstroemia mekongensis, W. W. Sm., p. 229.

VACCINIACEAE : aoe ies ae W. W. Sm., p. 227.
VERBENACEAE : Premna scoriarum, W. W. Sm., p. aie
VIOLACEAE : Viola ents W. ” 5m; Pp; 22

6[oLO Ajuga sciaphila, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Inter species chinenses affinis A. ovalifoliae, Bur. et Franch.
a qua habitu subprostrato, petiolis laminam aequantibus, calyce
longe et sparsim piloso inter alia differt ; ab A. lobata, D. Don
foliis ovatis basi breviter decurrentibus haud cordatis recog-
noscitur.

Planta semi-prostrata 10-15 cm. alta, ramis inferioribus
longe decumbentibus; caules petiolique pilis longiusculis
albidis plus minusve dense induti. Folia petiolo alato subaequi-
longo suffulta ; lamina 3~-5 cm. longa, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, ovata,
apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi breviter decurrens, margine
undulato-lobatula, pallido-virens, utrinque pilis longis paleaceis
subdense conspersa. Verticillastri 2~—6-flori, inconspicui, inter
folia subcelati; flores breviter (3-5 mm.) pedicellati, laete
caerulei. Calyx circ. 7 mm. longus anguste tubulosus pilis
longiusculis laxis sparsim indutus, fere ad medium in lobos
lanceolatos subacutos divisus. Corolla fere 2.5 cm. longa, extra
hic illic pilis longis conspersa, tubo recto anguste cylindrico ad
fauces ampliato ; limbus conspicuus circ. 1 cm. longus, lobis
superioribus brevissimis, labii lobo intermedio lateralibus multo
longiore emarginato. Stamina e tubo paululo exserta. Fructus
maturus deest.

194 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

“ West China :—Yangtze-Yungning divide, Yunnan, on
shady banks in mixed and pine forests. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt.
10,000 ft. Semi-prostrate plant of 4-6 inches. Flowers bright
blue. June ror4.”’ G. Forrest. No: 12,470.

o' Ardisia shweliénsis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

yo?

Species affinis A. macrocarpae, Wall. et A. maculosae, Mez ;
a priore foliis multo longioribus et latioribus acuminatis margine
vix crispatis inter alia signa differt ; ab altera foliis latioribus,
inflorescentiis paucifloris, floribus majoribus inter alia divergit.
rutex I-2 m. altus; rami glabri; ramuli florigeri graciles
8-10 cm. longi parce vel vix punctulati, ad-apicem folia 2-3
gerentes. Folia petiolo ad 1 cm. longo glabro praedita ; lamina
plerumque 8-16 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, oblongo-elliptica vel
lanceolato-elliptica, apice mediocriter acuminata, basi cuneata,
margine remotiuscule crenata plana vix crispata, membranacea,
utrinque glabra; costa conspicua nervis 10-15-jugis subtus
satis eminentibus; glandulae typicae subgeneris Crispardisiae,
Mez conspicuae subremotae una cum punctulis numerosis
marginem sequentibus ; lamina subtus punctulis nigris saepius
elongatis dense notata. Inflorescentiae terminales, pauciflorae
(6-12-florae), umbelliformes, glabrae; pedunculus circ. 5 mm.
longus ; pedunculi secondarii 3-4, circ. 5 mm. longi pedicellis
I cm. longis punctatis multo breviores; bracteae 2-3 mm
longae, ovatae vel oblongae, obtusae, dense nigro-punctatae.
Flores ante anthesin circ. 7 mm. longi glabri. Sepala circ. 2
mm. longa, oblonga, obtusa, nigro-punctata et -striata. Petala
circ. 8 mm. longa, ovato-lanceolata, acuta, alba, maculata.
Stamina petalis paulo breviora antheris acutis, dorso distincte
punctulatis, filamentis brevibus. Ovarium ovoideum puncta-
tum stylo corollam subaequante. Fructus deest.
“ China :—Shweli valley, Yunnan, amongst scrub. Lat.
5° N. Alt. 5000-6000 ft. Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flowers white,
spotted dull lake-crimson; anthers golden. May 1912.” G
Forrest. No. 7934.

Arenaria salweenensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate A. inornatae, W. W. Sm. a qua habitu
elatiore, foliis supra scabridule pustulosis, inflorescentiis amplis
praeter alia signa divergit.

Planta perennis 12-20 cm. alta. Radix elongata fusiformi-
incrassata. Caules 3-4 vel nonnunquam multo numerosiores
plus minusve erecti, pilis articulatis fulvidis vel nigridis plus
minusve dense pubescentes. Folia in petiolum vix discretum
latiusculum margine ciliatum attenuata, 3-5 cm. longa, 5-7 mm.

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 195

lata, lineari-oblonga, apice acutiuscula, margine angustissime
scariosa, utrinque glabra nisi ad partem petiolarem, supra
scabridule papillosa, costa media conspicua translucente, nervis
valde obscuris. Inflorescentiae dichotome ramosae ultimo in
cymas trifloras abeuntes ; flores albi roseo-suffusi; pedicelli ad
1.5 cm. longi pilis articulatis nigridis dense induti; bracteae
lanceolatae foliis similes sed breviores. Sepala exteriora circ. 5
mm, longa, 1.5 mm. lata, oblonga, obtusiuscula, margine sparsim
nigto-ciliolata, apice atro-rubescentia, interiora late scarioso-
marginata. Petala 1 cm. paulo superantia, obovata, apice
obscure erosa. Stamina 10 calycem subaequantia filamentis
glabris basi glanduliferis. Ovarium 2 mm. longum stylis duobus
circ. 2 mm. longis instructum. Fructus deest.

“West China :—N’Maikha-Salween divide, Yunnan, on
stony pasture and humus-covered boulders in side valleys. Lat.
26° 25’N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 5-8 inches. Flowers white,
faintly stained rose-pink. Aug. 1g19.’’ G. Forrest. No. 18,474.

Aristolochia Delavayi, Franch., var. micrantha, W. W. Sm.
oy Var. nov.

A type floribus duplo minoribus differt.

“West China:—Mountains of the Chungtien plateau,
Yunnan, in open stony pasture. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft.
Plant of 6-14 inches. Flowers dull olive-green. July 1914.”
G. Forrest. No. 12,637.

This can be compared with nothing in the Chinese flora but
A. Delavayi, Franch., which I have not seen. It agrees well
with the description, except that Franchet gives a length of 5-6
cm. to the calyx of his species. In Forrest’s plant it does not
exceed 2.5 cm.

WD A cesimisia Forrestii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis A. Campbellii, Hook. f. et Thoms. a qua foliorum
segmentis primariis lineari-oblongis integris, involucri phyllis
glabris haud lanosis inter alia differt. Planta inodora e radice
crdssa lignosa orta ad 75 cm. alta. Caulis erectus sat robustus
infra simplex, in dimidio superiore bene ramosus ramis elongatis
suberectis, tomento albido dense indutus. Folia radicalia
delapsa ; caulina numerosa caulem subcelantia 2-4 cm. longa
simpliciter pinnatisecta, segmentis vulgo 5 remotiusculis vel
saepe approximatis atque folia 5-fasciculata simulantibus
lineari-oblongis vel loriformibus circ. 2 cm. longis, 2 mm. latis
subacutis undique dense albido-lanato-tomentosis. Inflorescen-
tiae numerosae paniculatae ramulos terminantes circ. 6 cm.

var

196 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

longae capitulis parvulis circ. 2.5 mm. diametro in racemos
breves dispositis, foliis regionis floralis caulinis subsimilibus sed
minoribus saepe fere simplicibus. Capitula heterogama ad I
mm. pedunculata; involucri phylla exteriora concava suborbi-
cularia vel elliptica circ. 2 mm. longa obtusa late scariosa glabra,
interiora paulo angustiora latius scariosa; flores pauci 8~I0,
vix 2 mm. longi receptaculo nudo. Achaenia haud matura.

“ West China :-—Da-gu Shan, Yunnan, on open dry hillsides.
Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Plant of 20-30 inches.
Phyllaries green ; flowers dull brown. Oct. 1918.” G. Forrest.
No. 17,082.

‘““ Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan, on
open stony pasture. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of
12-16 inches. Flowers? July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,506.

Campanula calcicola, W. W. Sm. 5p. nov.

Species affinis C. crenulatae, Franch. et C. chrysosplentfoliae,
Franch. ; a priore habitu graciliore, foliis bene hirsutis mem-
branaceis, floribus minoribus, calycis lobis ovarium subaequan-
tibus inter alia distinguitur; ab altera ex descriptione caule
piloso, corolla calycem multo superante praeter alia signa
divergit.

Planta 5-10 cm. alta. Rhizoma crassum perpendiculare
apice vaginis petiolisque emarcidis bene onustum. Caules
plures 2-7, erecti vel suberecti, flexiles, simplices, uniflori, pilis
longis patentibus albis undique induti. Folia basilaria plura
petiolo albo-piloso 2-8 cm. longo munita; lamina suborbicu-
laris vel late ovata, 1.2-1.8 cm. diametro, apice rotundata, basi
lobis rotundatis distincte cordata, margine obscure undulato-
crenata, in sicco membranacea, supra pilis appressis paleaceis
multis instructa, infra minus dense; caulina infima basilaribus
subsimilia sed minora, superiora lanceolata circ. 5 mm. longa
breviter petiolata integra vel obscure denticulata longe albo-
pilosa, suprema inter se remota fere subulata. Calycis segmenta
3-4 mm. longa, lineari-lanceolata, erecta, infra denticulis atris
binis notata sparsim albo-pilosa. Corolla coerulea calyce multo
longior ad 15 mm. longa, ad tertiam partem lobata, lobis
ovatis paulo acutatis. Ovarium 3-4 mm. longum pilis longis
patentibus albis dense obsitum. Capsula matura deest.

“ West China :—Mountains of the Yungning- Yangtze divide,
Yunnan, on ledges of dry limestone cliffs. Lat. 27° 40’ N.
Alt. Io, 000-IT,000 ft. Plant of 2-4 inches. Flowers blue.
July 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 13,081.

The following is dwarfer with glabrescent ovary and calyx
teeth :—

SPECIES ASIATICAE, 197

“Mountains N.E. of the Chungtien plateau; Yunnan;’ on
ledges of limestone cliffs. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Plant
of 2-3 inches. Flowers deep blue. Aug. 1914.” G. Forrest.
No. 13,108.

- This new species is a much smaller plant than the glabrous
and glaucescent C. crenulata, Franch. It approaches C. chrysos-
plentfolia, Franch., but differs according to the description in
the simple long-pilose stems, in the cauline leaves, and in the
relative lengths of calyx-lobes, ovary, and corolla. It may
however be an extreme form of that species.

Ceropegia aridicola, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. Balfourianae, Schltr. a qua habitu, foliis
cordatis subsagittatis, floribus duplo minoribus inter alia signa
differt.

Planta 15-20 cm. alta vel ex collectore nonnunquam ad
50 cm. attingens ; caudex tuberosus ad 3 cm. diametro saepe
subglobosus ; radices elongatae carnosae. Caules I-2-nati, ut
videtur plus minusve decumbentes flexuosi gracillimi ramosi
laxe foliati, basi nudi, pilis brevibus crispatis albidis bene
muniti. Folia petiolo 4-6 mm. longo crispato-piloso praedita ;
lamina vulgo 0.5-1.5 cm. longa, 3-10 mm. lata, anguste tri-
angularis, apice acuminata, basi cordata atque subsagittata,
margine integra vel paulo undulata, paulo carnosula, supra
pilis crispatis scabridule conspersa infra subglabra, costa media
conspicua pilosula, nervis lateralibus obscuris. Flores ex
axillis superioribus fere omnibus I-3-nati saepe solitarii ; pedi-
celli 3-10 mm. longi pilosuli. Calycis 3-4 mm. longi lobi
lineari-lanceolati acuminati glabri vel pilis paucis conspersi.
Corolla circ. 1.5 cm. longa, e basi subgloboso-inflata ibique circ.
4 mm. lata, in tubum circ. 5 mm. longum producta, extra
sparsim pilosula intus glabra; lobi circ. 5 mm. longi ovato-
lanceolati vel subrhomboidei extra pilis perpaucis praediti intus
glabri; corona poculiformis foliolis ovatis obtusis glabris vix
1 mm. longis, ligulis lineari-spathulatis erectis glabris 2-3 mm.
longis tenuissimis purpureo-tinctis. Folliculi maturi circ.
4.5 cm. longi, seminibus 5 mm. longis nigridis albo-comosis.

“West China:—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze
bend, Yunnan, on dry stony pasture. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt.
10,000 ft. Plant of 6-8 inches. Flowers greenish-white, tinged
purplish at apex. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,549..

“N.W. flank of the Lichieng Range, Yunnan, on open
stony pasture. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of
g-z0 inches. Flowers yellowish-green and red-purple. July
1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,794.

198 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

““ Mekong-Salween divide, yuna. bat.-26 t0 NN. Alt,
16;000 ft. Sept. 1914.’’ G: Forrest. No. 13,394.

\oF ppl Coropenns eee aa Schltr., var. purpureo-barbata,
Ww. W

A typo corollae pa intus pilis vesiculosis longis pailider
purpureis vestitis diffe

“West China eS valley; Yunnan, on grass and
dwarf scrub in stony situations. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 8000-
gooo ft. Scandent plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers green and purple-
maroon. Aug. 1914.’ G. Forrest. No. 13,024.

“ On the Tong Shan, Yunnan, in open dry situations amongst
rocks. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. 8000 ft. Scandent plant of
3 it. Flowers yellow, green at base, deep magenta-rose at
apex and fringed. July 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,738.

ov Ceropegia monticola, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. pubescenti, Wall: a qua pedunculis brevibus
hirsutulis, corollae lobis intus longe albo-pilosis inter alia
recedit ; affinis autem C. Avnottianae, Wight et C. macranthae,
Wight quae foliorum corollaeque forma differunt.

Planta scandens 60-150 cm. alta; radix non visa. Caulis
valde flexuosus ramosus laxe foliatus pilis albidis patentibus
bene conspersus: Folia petiolo circ. 1 cm. longo hirsutulo
suffulta ; lamina majorum 4-8 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, plus
minusve late ovata, apice breviter acuminata, basi vulgo
rotundata, margine ciliata, in sicco membramacea, supra pilis
appressis bene-instructa, infra glabra nisi ad costam prominu-
lam sparsim pilosulam. Pedunculus vulgo brevis nunc 4-15
mm. longus multiflorus hirsutulus; pedicelli 5-10 mm. lon
subumbellati glabri. Calycis § mm. longi lobi subulato-lineares
glabri. Corolla circ. 3.8 cm. longa extra glabra; tubo circ. 2.2
ecm. longo basi distincte inflato fauce multo ampliato, lobis
1.6 cm. longis lineari-lanceolatis intus longe albo-pilosis ;
coronae lobi ro lanceolati acuminati ciliati ligulis duplo longio-
ribus linearibus erectis minutissime pilosulis.

est China :—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze
bend, Yunnan, on grass on the margins of pine forests. Lat.
27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Scandent plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers
yellowish-green and maroon. Aug. 1913.’ G. Forrest. No.
10,944.
“ Bei-ma-shan, Mekong-Yangtze divide, Yunnan, on scrub
amongst boulders. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Scandent
plant of 2-5 ft. Flowers deep livid maroon-purple. Aug.
1914.’ G. Forrest. No. 13,198

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 199

45h? Ceropegia muliensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate C. angustifoliae, Wight a qua corollae
lobis linearibus praeter alia signa differt ; a C. pubescente, Wall.
foliis anguste lanceolatis, corolla duplo minore recedit.

Planta scandens 30-60 cm. alta; tubera non visa, ex col-
lectore indigenarum cibaria ; radices carnosae elongatae. Caulis
valde flexuosus gracillimus ramosus laxe foliatus basi nudus
indumento crispulo bene indutus. Folia petiolo circ. I cm.
longo crispato-pilosulo praedita; lamina majorum 10-13 cm.
longa, 2-3 cm. lata, anguste lanceolata, apice longe acuminata,
basi cuneata, in sicco membranacea, supra pilis parvis crispatis
conspersa, infra glabra, costa media eminente pilosula excepta.
Pedunculus ad 4 cm. longus pilosulus multiflorus; pedicelli
circ. I cm. longi subumbellati glabri vel pilosuli. Calycis
3-4 mm. longi lobi lineari-lanceolati acuminati glabri. Corolla
fere 3 cm. longa glabra, tubo 2 cm. longo gracillimo ad medium
vix I mm. lato basi paulo inflato fauce vix ampliato lobis
linearibus circ. 9 mm. longis; coronae lobi minuti ovati
acuminati ciliati; ligulae lineares erectae duplo vel triplo
longiores ciliatae. Folliculi maturi circ. 9g cm. longi.

“West China :—Chungtien plateau, Yunnan, on grass and
scrub in open situations. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. gooo ft.
Scandent plant of 3-4 ft. Flowers olive-green, flushed maroon
at base. Aug. 1914.’’ G. Forrest. No. 13,117.

“ Muli Mountains, S.W. Szechwan, on grass and dwarf scrub.
Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 1t0,000 ft. Scandent plant of 2-4 ft.
Flowers purple and green. Tubers eaten by natives. Aug.
tg18.”’ G. Forrest. No. 16,648.

Qryo Cleome yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species inter affines asiaticas foliis trifoliatis, caulibus
petiolisque foliisque inflorescentiisque glandulosis, staminibus
sex, disco unilaterali inter alia bene notata.

Planta herbacea erecta ad 60 cm. alta. Caules in specimine
nostro tres e basi lignosa orientes capillis patentibus glanduloso-
capitatis densissime induti. Folia alterna petiolo 4-6 cm.
longo dense glanduloso suffulta; foliola tria, sessilia vel fere
sessilia, plerumque 5-7.5 cm. longa, 2-2.5 cm. lata, lanceolata,
apice acuminata, basi asymmetrice cuneata, supra sparsim
pilosula, infra ad costam nervosque glanduloso-pilosula, margine
glanduloso-ciliata, textura in sicco membranacea. Inflore-
scentia terminalis multiflora corymboso-racemosa ;_ pedicelli
inferiores 1-1.5 cm. longi dense glandulosi; flores vix bene
evoluti virides vel flavido-virides. Sepala 4, lanceolata, acuta,
circ. 3 mm. longa, viridia, extra et ad margines dense glandulosa.

200 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Petala 4, obovata, apice plus minusve obtusa, circ. 4 mm. longa
(vix perfecte evoluta), glabra, flavido-viridia. Discus in struc-
turam carnosulam circ. 0.5 mm. longam unilateraliter productus.
Stamina 6, antheris circ. 2 mm. longis, filamentis 1 mm. longis.
Ovarium sessile filamenta staminum paulo superans, stylo
nullo.

“ China :—Chungtien plateau, Yunnan, in open pasture.
Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of 2 ft. Flowers green.
June 1917.”’. G. Forrest. No. 13,762.

This Cleome occurs at a remarkable elevation for the genus
and is apparently the only one recorded from Yunnan.

gow’ Cremanthodium angustifolium, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species capitulo discoideo praedita ; a speciebus ejus modi,
C. discoideo, Maxim., C. caloto, Diels, C. campanulato (Franch.),
Diels, C. cucullifero, W. W. Sm. foliis praelongis lineari-lanceo-
latis facile distinguitur.

Planta 25-50 cm. alta radicibus carnosulis multis munita.
Folia radicalia numerosa congesta erecta praelonga, ad 24 cm.
longa, 1.5-2 cm. lata, lineari-lanceolata, apice acuta vel sub-
acuta, basi vix petiolata sed in partem vaginiformem membrana-
ceam lamina paulo latiorem ampliata, alutacea, utrinque glabra,
in sicco pallido-viridia, costa media subconspicua, nervis secun-
dariis vulgo 4-6 costae subparallelis subobscuris, reticulatione
ultima evanescente; folia caulina vulgo 3, sessilia, 5-9 cm.
longa, forma atque textura basilaribus subsimilia ; ad apicem
caulis et sub capitulo apparent folia 2-3 bracteiformia, I-1.5 cm.
longa, linearia vel subulata. Caulis ipse capitulo solitario
terminatus, infra glaber, supra pilis albidis vel fulvidis gradatim
villosior, apice villosissimus. Capitulum discoideum, in sicco
complanatum circ. 3 cm. diametro; involucri phylla 12-13
mm. longa, circ. 2 mm. lata, lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata,
pilis fulvidis vel subrufescentibus praesertim ad medium dense
induta, in vivo saturate atro-kermesina, in sicco nigrida.
Flores disci aurantiaci; corolla circ. 8 mm. longa; pappus
sordide albus corollam subaequans. Achaenia immatura circ.
2 mm. longa oblonga glabra.

“West China:—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze
bend, Yunnan, in open stony pasture. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt.
12,000 ft. Plant of 12-16 inches. Florets dull orange; phyl-
laries deep black-maroon. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No.
10,653.

“Mountains of the Chungtien plateau, Yunnan, in open
stony pasture. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Plant of
10-20 inches. Florets fragrant, deep ruddy orange ; phyllaries
dull black-crimson. July 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,809.

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 201

The elongated linear-lanceolate leaves and discoid capitulum
make this species a very distinct one in the genus.

u a ae

ygose

Cremanthodium bulbilliferum, W.W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. Decaisnet, Clarke a quo foliis caulinis 3-4
magnopere vaginatis atque bulbilliferis divergit.

Planta ad 30 cm. alta radicibus carnosulis multis praedita.
Caulis sat validus infra puberulus et subglabrescens, supra ad
capitulum solitarium dense nigrido-villosulus. Folia radicalia
pauca, sub anthesin 2-3, petiolo ad 11 cm. longo glabro suffulta ;
lamina reniformis 3~5 cm. diametro, apice bene rotundata, basi
alte cordata, margine laticrenata, crenaturis abrupte apiculatis,
in sicco papyracea, utrinque glabra vel margine et ad inser-
tionem petioli pilis rarissimis praedita, supra laete viridis, infra
saepe purpurascens, nervis palmatim dispositis utrinque sub-
conspicuis ; folia caulina 3-4 plus minusve orbicularia supra
decrescentia, I.5-3 cm. diametro, vagina valde dilatata saepe
laminam aequante praedita, petiolo ipso nunc ad 1.5 cm. longo
nunc obsoleto ; lamina ei foliorum radicalium similis; bulbilli
plures ovoidei circ. 4 mm. longi in vagina inclusi. Capitulum
3 cm. longum, in sicco ad 3 cm. latum; involucri phylla uni-
seriata ad 12, circ. 2 cm. longa, 4 mm. lata, oblonga, apice acuta
saepe paulo fimbriata, extra pilis nigridis conspersa. Flores
aurantiaci; disci florum corolla circ. 8 mm. longa; ligulae ad
2.5 cm. longae, circ. 7 mm. latae, anguste oblanceolataé 2-3-
dentatae; pappus 8 mm. longus albus; stigmata vix apice
incrassata ; achaenia oblonga haud matura glabra.

“West China:—On Doker-la, Mekong-Salween divide,
Yunnan, in open alpine meadows. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 13,000
ft. Plant of g-12 inches. Ray florets dull orange, disc florets
a deeper shade. Bulbils in axils of stem foliage. Aug.—Sept.
1918.” G. Forrest. No. 17,2209.

This species is closely allied to C. Decaisnei, Clarke and
C. reniforme, Benth., differing chiefly in the huge vaginae of the
more numerous cauline leaves with enclosed bulbils. Its marked
pubescence distinguishes it further from the latter.

Cremanthodium calcicolum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Inter species discoideas foliis basilaribus reniformibus longius-
cule petiolatis atque vaginatis, caulinis latissime vaginatis,
involucri phyllis glabris vel subglabris bene distincta.

Planta 20-30 cm. alta radicibus carnosulis multis praedita.
Folia radicalia pauca, sub anthesin 1-3, vagina 5-8 cm. .longa
latiuscula praedita, petiolo 5-7 cm. longo glabro suffulta ;
lamina reniformis vel suborbicularis 3~5 cm. diametro apice bene

yoo’

202 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

rotundata, basi alte cordata, margine laticrenata, crenaturis
obscure apiculatis, in sicco papyracea, utrinque glabra, supra
laete viridis, infra multo pallidior subglauca, nervis palmatim
dispositis infra subconspicuis ; folia caulina 1-2, vagina ampla
latissima saepe lamina multo majore instructa, petiolo 1-2 cm.
longo, lamina reniformi 2—4 cm. diametro ; nonnunquam folium
supremum ovatum, quasi vagina sine lamina; sub capitulo
folia bracteiformia linearia 1-2 nunc inveniuntur. Caulis ipse
capitulo solitario terminatus, infra glaber, supra gradatim
fulvido-hirsutior, sub capitulo satis dense. Capitulum dis-
coideum, in sicco 2—2.5 cm. diametro, basi sparsim villosulum ;
involucri phylla ad 1 cm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, oblonga, obtusa
vel subacuta, glabra vel subglabra, in vivo atro-kermesina, in
sicco nigrida. Flores disci aurantiaci; pappus fulvidus 4-5

“West China:—Mountains of the Chungtien plateau,
Yunnan, on ledges of limestone cliffs and on limestone screes.
Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Plant of 7-12 inches. Phyl-
laries dull black-crimson; florets dull orange. July 1914.”
G. Forrest.” No. 12,711.

Cremanthodium Farreri, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. veniformi, Benth. et C. Decaisnei, Clarke ;
a priore foliis subtus araneoso-villosis differt ; ab altero habitu
elato,.foliis caulinis pluribus recedit ; ab ambobus floribus albis
deinde vinosis distinguitur.

Planta ad 50 cm. alta. MRadices non visae. Caulis erectus
sat validus simplex primum tomento albido-araneoso detersili
praeditus. Folia radicalia ex speciminibus haud bonis sejuncta
petiolo ad 10 cm. longo basi late vaginato suffulta ; lamina 4—5
cm. longa, circ. 4 cm. lata, ovata, apice plus minusve obtusa,
basi subtruncata, margine dentato-crenata, papyracea, supra
glabra, infra araneoso-tomentosa, nervis subpinnatim dispositis
nec radiatim divergentibus; folia caulina 3-4, inferiora 1-2
petiolo ad 10 cm. longo atque vagina ampla praedita (vagina
nonnunquam foliacea margine dentata subtus araneoso-tomen-
tosa), superiora I-2 nunc vagina amplissima dentata instructa,
petiolo deficiente, vel sessilia basi plus minusve amplexicaulia ;
lamina inferiorum reniformis ad 4 cm. longa, ad 7 cm. lata,
dentibus apiculatis dentata infra araneoso-tomentosa nervis
subradiatim excurrentibus; folia bracteiformia sub capitulo
vulgo desunt, caule superiore longe nudo. Capitulum solitarium
nutans circ. 4 cm. diametro basi albido-tomentellum ; involucri
phylla circ. 20, ad 18 mm. longa, 3~-7 mm. lata, ovato-lanceolata
ad lineari-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, infra tomenti floccis
induta, supra sparsius, in sicco nigrescentia ; ligulae ad 2.8 cm.

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 203

longae, lanceolatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, apice vulgo 2-3-den-
tatae, albae; disci florum corolla circ. 8 mm. longa; pappus
5-7 mm. longus albus. Achaenia matura circ. 4 mm. longa,
suboblonga 10-costata brunnea.

“Upper Burma:—Chimili Alps. Alt. 12,500-13,000 ft.
Local but locally abundant in dips and dells of the longer high-
alpine grass. A stately species with pendulous globular-looking
flowers of pure white, that deepen to dark dull claret-colour as
they die. Aug, 1919.” Farrer. No. 1178

I am unable to refer the above species to any Himalayan or
Chinese variation of C. reniforme, Benth. or C. Decaisnet, Clarke.
In some respects it shows an approach to C. Delavayi, Franch.

UG 0t0
Cremanthodium suave, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. Heliantho (Franch. sub Senecione) a quo
foliis basilaribus lineari-lanceolatis longe petiolatis, caulinis
subpatentibus, agit altiuscule dentatis recognoscitur.

Planta 20-40 cm. alta, radicibus multis fibrosis instructa.
Caulis gracilis Fala basi petiolis vetustis ad fibras reductis
indutus, glaber, capitulo solitario nutante terminatus. Folia
radicalia vulgo 4-7, pet tiolo 4-6 cm, longo plus minusve alato
atque a lamina vix discreto suffulta ; lamina 12~18 cm. longa,
2-2.5 cm. lata, lineari-lanceolata, apice acuta vel subacuta,
basi longe cuneata, integra, in sicco tenuiter papyracea vel sub-
membranacea, utrinque glabra, pallido-viridis, infra pallidior
sed vix glauca, costa media conspicua, nervis secundariis angulo
20°-30° abeuntibus tenuibus; caulina vulgo 4-6 sessilia, 3-9
cm, longa, lanceolata, supra decrescentia ; supremum poeag
phyllis approximatum eisque similliimum. Capitulum 4-5 c
longum, in sicco ad 2.5 cm. latum ; involucri phylla 3 tee
exteriora 5-6 ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, 1.5~-2 cm. longa, ad 1.2
cm. lata, obtusa vel acuta, pallido-viridia, glabra, interiora 4-6
breviora, 3-5 mm. lata, lanceolata, acuta, glauca, glabra. Flores
fragrantes aurantiaci; disci florum corolla circ. 8 mm. longa ;
ligulae circ. 3 cm, longae, lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae,
altiuscule 3-4-dentatae ; pappus 4 mm. longus albus ; achaenia
oblonga 3.5 mm. longa, sulcata, glabra.

“ West China :—Mu-li Mountains, Szechwan, in open stony
pasture on the margins of pine forests. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt.
12,000 ft. Plant of 9-16 inches. Flowers Lanes golden-
yellow. Aug. 1918.” G. Forrest. No. 16,7096. .

“Duplicate of Forrest No. 16,796 in fruit. Sept. 1918.”
G. Forrest. No. 17,010.

A rival of C. Helianthus (Franch.) and C. nobile (Franch.),

Diels, possessing the same fragrance.
B

204 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Thee Dianthera sinensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis D. collinae, Clarke a qua sepalis glanduloso-
pilosis inter alia signa differt.

Planta herbacea circ. I m. alta basi procumbens nodis
radicans, deinde erecta vel suberecta. Caules sulcati pilis cris-
patis plus minusve dense induti. Folia petiolo ad 2.5 cm. longo
crispato-piloso suffulta; lamina foliorum majorum 6-8 cm.
longa, 4-4.5 cm. lata, ovata, apice acuminata vel nunc obtuse
breviterque angustata, basi breviter et late cuneata, membra-
nacea, laete viridis, utrinque pilis paleaceis conspersa, nervis
tenuibus circ. 8-jugis. Flores in paniculam terminalem com-
positi, albi, pro genere magni; axis dense albido-pilosa ; brac-
teae ultimae et bracteolae lineares 2-3 mm. longae; pedicelli
pilosi longiores ad 5 mm. longi. Calyx viridis pilis longiusculis
glanduloso-capitatis patentibus se ee fere ad imum in
lobos lineares divisus, circ. 6 mm. longus. Corolla circ. 2.5
cm. longa, glabra, bilabiata, labio ‘inferiore maculis brunneo-
flavidis ornato. Stamina 2 filamentis glabris antheris muticis
altero altius affixo, polline globoso minutissime echinato.
Ovarium glabrum stylo glabro, stigmate subcapitato obscurissime
bilobulo. Fructus simillimus ei D. leftostachyae, Benth. circ.
12 mm. longus, seminibus quatuor.

“West China :—Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open
situations amongst rocks. Lat. 25°20’ N. Alt. goooft. Plant
of 3-4 ft. Flowers creamy-white. July 1918.” G. Forrest.
No. 17,574.

This species is closely allied to Justicia and the species of
Dianthera which appear in Hooker’s Flora Brit. Ind., iv (1885),
542. Inits large pedicelled flowers it comes nearest to D. collina,
Clarke. The anther-cells are also superposed by almost the
entire length of the anther. Later, in King and Gamble’s -
Materials for a Flora Malay. Penins., Clarke instituted a new
genus Leda in which he placed the Indian and Malayan species
of Dianthera, keeping them apart from the American species. I
do not find that D. sinensis quite conforms to the characters
laid down by Clarke for Leda. The pollen of this species is
globose, not ellipsoid, and minutely echinate. It has the pollen
neither of Justicia nor of Leda. The material available of the
allied species is not sufficient to warrant a definite decision and
I am meanwhile relegating the plant to the genus Dianthera
as characterised in the Genera Plantarum and the Flora of
British India.

Elsholtzia pygmaea, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis E. Bodiniert, Vaniot a qua habitu annuo,
foliis sublinearibus, bracteis diversis inter alia recedit.

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 205

Herba annua 2.5~7 cm. alta, erecta, simplex nisi in regione
florali ; caulis basi nudus foliis sub inflorescentiam approximatis,
strigosulus. Folia petiolo 2-3 mm. longo haud bene discreto
praedita ; lamina 1-1.5 cm. longa, circ. 2 mm. lata, sublinearis
vel lineari-lanceolata, apice subacuta, basi gradatim attenuata,
margine obscure et remote serrulata, papyracea, utrinque pilis
scabridulis conspersa, infra saepe purpurascens. Inflorescentia
spiciformis simplex vel nonnunquam ramulis lateralibus duobus
praedita, bracteis conspicuis gaudens. Bracteae circ. 4 mm.
longae, 2.5 mm. latae, imbricatae, ovatae, apice cuspidatae,
sparsim pilosulae, margine albo-ciliatae. Calyx 2 mm. longus,
bracteis celatus, minute pilosulus, dentibus triangularibus
acutis tubum fere aequantibus. Corolla circ. 8 mm. longa
roseo-purpurea, infra albescens, sparsim pilosula, tubo cylindrico
haud gibboso lobis saltem duplo longiore, lobo inferiore breviter
quadrilobo. Stamina stylusque longiuscule exserta.

pete ae :—Da-gu Shan, Yunnan, in open stony pasture.
Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. t0,000 ft. Plant of 1-2 inches. Flowers
deep eee. OctomgrA’ o Gi Forrest’ > Noes 1751

A tiny plant recalling some of the dwarf forms of Elsholtzia

strobilifera, Benth.

Fraxinus suaveolens, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Orn, affinis F. floribundae, Wall. et F.
vetusae, Champ. a quibus foliolis lateralibus brevissime petiolu-
latis, petiolulis ipsis dense ferrugineo-tomentosis inter alia differt.

Arbor vel frutex 7-17 m. altus ; rami hornotini mediocriter
robusti paulo complanati rubidi glabri vel hic illic tomento
ferrugineo conspersi, annotini cinerascentes lenticellis parvis
albidis notati. Folia plerumque 3-juga, nonnunquam I-2-juga
longe petiolata; petioli ad 10 cm. longi subteretes glabri vel
reliquiis tomenti tenuissimi ferruginei conspersi; petioluli
laterales 1-2 mm. longi vel subobsoleti dense ferrugineo-tomen-
tosi, medianus 5-15 mm. longus sub anthesin ‘plus minusve
ferrugineo-tomentosus ; rhachis petiolo excluso circ. Io cm.
longa hic illic tomento detersili praedita; foliola (medianum
plerumque paulo majus) 8-12 cm. longa, 2.5-4 cm. lata, lanceo-
lata, apice longe acuteque acuminata, basi late cuneata vel
oblique subrotundata, in sicco membranacea, per marginem
totam regulariter crenato-denticulata, supra atroviridia glabra
infra pallidiora ad costam ferrugineo-tomentosa ibique tandem
glabrescentia ceteroquin glabra; nervi plerumque 10-12 paria
supra inconspicui infra paulo eminentes. Inflorescentia ut in
F. floribunda, ampla, floribus pallido-flavidis fragrantibus ; axes
glabri vel glabrescentes rubidi; pedicelli circ. 2 mm. longi
glabri. Calyx circ. 1 mm. longus campanulatus glaber dentibus

206 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

brevibus. Petala circ. 3 mm. longa lineari-oblonga. Stamina
corollam paulo superantia. Fructus (si specimen Forrestianum
num. 15,015 huc recte allocatum) circ. 2.2 cm. longus, lineari-
spathulatus, apice rotundatus saepe retusus supra medium
4 mm. latus, basi calyce persistente inclusus 1 mm. latus.

“ West China :—Western flank of the Lichiang Range,
Yunnan, in mixed forests. Lat. 27° N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft.
Tree of 40-50 ft. Flowers creamy-yellow, fragrant. May
1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 13,797.

“Mu-li Mountains, S.W. Szechwan, in open mixed forests.
Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. gooo ft. Shrub or tree of 20-40 ft.
Flowers creamy-yellow, fragrant. June 1918.” G. Forrest.
No. 16,462.

‘‘S.E. Tibet :—Doker-la, Mekong-Salween divide, Tsarong
province, in mixed forests, Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft.
Shrub or tree of 30-45 ft. Flowers fragrant, creamy-yellow.
June 1918.” G. Forrest. No. 16,552.

4 Mekong-halween divide, Yunnan, in open mixed and pine
forests. Lat: 28° 12’ N. Alt. 10,000—I1,000 — of 30-40:
ft.. In fruit. Oct. 1917.” G. Forrest. No.1

This new species is closely allied to F. sch ace Wall.,
which occurs also in Yunnan.

Impatiens xanthocephala, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species inter affines chinenses habitu nano, caule simplici,
foliorum oppositorum lamina minima, floribus pro planta
permagnis laminam foliorum duplo vel triplo superantibus,
sepalis 4, alarum lobo distali longe stipitato, labello (cum
caleare longo incurvo) purpureo-maculato bene notata.

Herba 5-10 cm. alta, glaberrima, caule simplici gracili basi
aphyllo. Folia opposita petiolo ad I cm. longo saepe purpureo
suffulta ; lamina ad I cm. longa, ad 8 mm. lata, saepe multo
minor, ovata, apice obtusa, basi late cuneata vel rotundata,
margine pauci-crenata, nervis 2-3 paribus obscuris. Flores
cuique plantulae 3-5, in axillis bractearum foliacearum lanceola-
tarum solitarii; pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi. Flores magni circ.
3-5 Cm. expansi saturate aurantiaci, labello calcareque purpureo-
maculatis. Sepala 4, exteriora orbicularia, 2 mm. diametro,
submembranacea, vix apiculata, costa tenui, 2 interiora multo
minora, ovata, membranacea, mutica, costa obsoleta. Vexillum
circ, 5 mm. longum, pro flore parvum, valde cucullatum, apice
integrum, dorso ecristatum. Alae circ. 2.3 cm. longae sessiles ;
lobus basalis parvus rotundatus 2 mm. diametro ; lobus distalis
5-6 mm. stipitatus, late dolabriformis, apice rotundatus ;
auricula dorsalis parva inflexa. Labellum infundibuliforme,
ore circ, 8 mm. latum apice obtusum, cum calcare incurvo gracili_

UrttO

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 207

circ. 1.5 cm. longum. Filamenta linearia; antherae obtusae.
Ovarium fusiforme rectum. Fructus deest.

“ West China :—In the Mu-li Mountains, S.W. Szechwan, on
limestone screes and dry stony pasture. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt.
II,000-12,000 ft. Plant of 2-4 inches. Flowers deep orange,
spur and base spotted purple. Aug. 1918.’’ G. Forrest. No.
16,792.

A very beautiful dwarf species with very conspicuous flowers
much larger than the leaves. I cannot at present suggest the
nearest affinity for the plant, which is very different from
any Impatiens I have seen in the herbaria of Kew, Paris, and
Edinburgh.

Indigofera Howellii, Craib et W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ab J. pendula, Franch. cui affinis foliis pagina
superiore haud glabris floribus minoribus recedit.

Suffrutex ; altitudo non nota; ramuli pilis medifixis appressis
albidis conspersi fusco-brunnei. Folia plerumque 19—23-foliolata,
g-Ir cm. longa, petiolo 2-3 cm. longo pilis appressis sparsim
induto suffulta; stipulae circ. 3 mm. longae, anguste lanceo-
latae acuminatae, fulvido-pilosae; foliola opposita, plus
minusve elliptica, apice rotundata vel nunc paululo truncato-
retusa, omnia mucrone vix 1 mm. longo munita, basi cuneato-
rotundata, 1.5-2.5 cm. longa, 7-11 mm. lata, in sicco tenuiter
papyracea, pagina utraque pilis albidis appressis conspersa,

costa infra prominente, nervis lateralibus uti reticulatione

gracili subtus tantum subconspicuis ; petioluli circ. 1 mm. longi
albido-pilosi ; stipellae inconspicuae. Racemi axillares densi ad
15 cm. longi (in spec. nostris nondum bene evoluti) ; pedunculus
I-2 cm. longus; bracteae 1 mm. longae lineari-lanceolatae
incano-pilosae, cito deciduae ; pedicelli 2 mm. longi ut rhachis
pilis et albidis et fulvidis induti. Calyx circ. 3 mm. longus pilis
appressis incanis bene indutus ad medium in dentes deltoideos
acuminatos divisus. Vexillum 9 mm. longum. circ. 6 mm. latum ;
alae circ. 9 mm. longae, 2.5 mm. latae; carina 8.5 mm. longa.
“* West China :—Near Teng-yueh, Yunnan.’’ Howell. No. 15.
=! Upper Burma :-—Foot of Hpimaw Hill, among light brush-
wood in boulders by stream. Alt. 6000 ft. Magenta-pink.”’
Farrer. No. 866.

44% Jasminum dumicolum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species habitu J. dispermi, Wall. a quo foliis simplicibus
inter alia discriminatur ; ab J. attenuato, Roxb. et J. glanduloso,
Wall. corollae lobis latis obtusis praeter alia signa distinguitur.

Frutex scandens 2~9 m. altus ramulis gracilibus glabris.
Folia opposita petiolo circ. 5 mm. longo canaliculato glabro

208 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

instructa simplicia; lamina plerumque 9-16 cm. longa, 3-4
cm. lata, anguste lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice
caudato-acuminata, basi rotundata, in sicco papyracea, supra
subnitida, infra pallidior opaco-viridis, utrinque glabra; costa
media conspicua nervis utrinque 12 vel pluribus obscurissimis.
Inflorescentiae numerosae axillares et terminales, vulgo multi-
florae, cymosae, plerumque foliis axillantibus breviores glabrae ;
bracteae subulatae 2—-3 mm. longae glabrae ; pedicelli ad 5 mm.
longi crassi erecti. Calyx campanulatus circ. 2 mm. longus
glaber dentibus quinque 1 mm. longis deltoideis acutis. Corolla
intus alba, extra saturate roseo-kermesina, fragrans, tubo 1.5—
1.6 cm. longo basi cylindrico 1.5 mm. lato supra expanso ore
5 mm. lato, lobis late ellipticis circ. 7 mm. longis, circ. 5 mm.
latis obtusis. Stamina subexsertae antheris latis circ. 5 mm.
longis. Stylus inclusus cum stigmate linguiformi circ. 9 mm.
longus. Fructus ellipsoideus circ. 9 mm. longus nigrescens.

‘West China :—Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, on scrub.
Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. 8000 ft. Scandent shrub of ro-2o ft.
Flowers, white interior, exterior deep rose-crimson, fragrant.
Feb. 1914.’ G. Forrest. No. 12,164

“ Hills to the east of Tengyueh, Yunnan, on scrub and trees.
Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Scandent shrub of 6-10 ft.
Flowers? In fruit. June 1912.’ G. Forrest. No. 8094.

“ Ma-chang-kai Valley, Yunnan, on scrub. Lat. 25° 20’ N.
Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Scandent shrub of 6-12 ft. Flowers,
interior creamy-white, exterior deep dull crimson. March 1913.”
G. Forrest. No. 9757.

“ Shweli Valley, Yunnan, amongst scrub. Lat. 25° N.
Alt. 5000-6000 ft. Shrub of 6-10 ft. In fruit. May 1912.”
G. Forrest. No. 7926.

“Western flank of the Shweli-Salween divide, oreme on
trees and scrub in rather shady situations. Lat. 25° ro’ N.
Alt. 8000-9000 ft. Scandent shrub of 10-15 ft. pedis
exterior deep crimson-rose, interior white or flushed rose,
fragrant. Dec. 1912.’’ G. Forrest. No. 9346.

" Ma-chang-kai Valley, north of Tengyueh, on trees. Lat.
25° 20’N. Alt. 6000 ft. Scandent shrub of 20-30 ft. Flowers,
interior white, exterior dull rose, fragrant. Feb. 1913.”
G. Forrest. Nos. 9531, 15,979.

“ Feng chen Lin, S. of Red River, Yunnan, at 7000 ft ; large
climber, white flowers.’”’ -Henry. No. 10,634A.

‘‘ Mengtsz, S.E. mountain-forests, at 5000 ft ; large climber,
pinkish flowers.” Henry. No. 10
- “Szemao, Yunnan, forests to: east at 4500 ft; climber,
white flowers.” Henry. No. 11,708a.

The affinity of this species in spite of the simple leaves is

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 209

with J. dispermum, Wall. The inflorescences are very similar,
but the leaves are very obscurely veined above and below in
addition to being simple.

Q(t Jasminum heterophyllum, Roxb., var. glabricymosum,
W. W. Sm

A typo inflorescentiis minoribus glabris, calyce glabro
recedit.

“West China:—N.W. Yunnan on the Langhong-Hoching
divide, on ledges of limestone cliffs. Lat. 26° 16’ N. Alt.
8000 ft. Shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers deep golden-yellow, fragrant.
May 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 9990.

Ss Yungpe Mountains, Yunnan, in open situations by streams.
Lat. 26° 45° N. Alt. gooo ft. Erect shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers ?
Sept. 1913." G. Forrest. Nos. 11,037 and 11,177.

The same in fruit. Fruits black. Oct. 1913. G. Forrest.
No. 11,472.

Mengtsz woods, 5000 ft.; shrub 4 ft.; yellow flowers.
Henry. No. 9107s.

Mengtsz woods, 4600 ft.; slender shrubs 4-8 ft.; black
fruit. Henry. No. g107A.

N.W. Yunnan. 1907. Pére Monbeig. No. 187.

Lan-ngy-tsin prés Lou-lan, Yunnan. May 1904. Pierre
Py. No. 487.

q3( Jasminum pulvinatum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate J. nudifloro, Lindl. et J. primulino,
Hemsl. a quibus habitu nano pulvinato inter alia divergit.

Fruticulus densissime intricato-ramosus pulvinatus 30-45
cm. altus, ramis crassis cinerascentibus, ramulis quadrangulis
viridibus glabris, saepius apice abscissis defoliatis fere subspine-
scentibus. Folia opposita, eis J. nudiflort, Lindl. subsimilia,
trifoliolata, sub anthesi vix evoluta, petiolo 3-4 mm. longo suf-
fulta; foliola 5-7 mm. longa, elliptica vel subobovata, apice
obtusa breviter apiculata, basi plus minusve cuneata, mem-
branacea, nisi ad margines minutissime puberulas glabra.
Flores numerosi, undique ad superficiem pulvini dispositi, in
modum /. nudiflort | orti. Calyx campanulatus circ. 6 mm
longus, tubo circ. 2 mm. longo, lobis lineari-lanceolatis acutis
fere 4 mm. longis glabris. Corolla aureo-flava hypocrateri-
formis tubo cylindrico circ. 12 mm. longo supra paululo dilatato,
lobis plerumque séx 10-11 mm. longis late ellipticis obtusis.
Stamina subexserta vel ad medium tubum posita antheris fere
4 mm. longis. Stylus paulo exsertus vel (floribus dimorphis)
ad medium tubum attingens stigmate breviter lobato. Fructus
deest.

210 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

“SE. Tibet :—Province of Tsarong, on Doker-la, Mekong-
Salween divide, in open dry situations on cliffs. Lat. 28° 20’ N.
Alt. gooo—10,000 ft. Cushion shrub of 1-14 ft. Flowers
golden-yellow. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,478.

“West China :—Eastern flank of the Bei-ma-shan, Yunnan,
on open moorland. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000-15,000 ft.
Stunted almost spinous shrub of 12 inches. Flowers bright
yellow. July 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 1

This peculiar Jasmine is the alpine equivalent of J. nudi-
florum, Lindl... It is characterised by its cushion-habit with
dense intricate branching.

Jasminum taliense, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis J. attenuato, Roxb. et J. Seguini, Lévl.; a
priore foliis brevioribus paucinervatis inter alia facile digno-
scitur ; ab altero inflorescentia diffusa multiflora praeter alia
signa ex descriptione removitur.

Frutex scandens 2-4 m. altus ramulis gracilibus teretibus
glabris rubidis. Folia opposita petiolo 5-10 mm. longo glabro
praedita simplicia; lamina 6-8 cm. longa, 3-3.5 cm. lata,
elliptica vel ovato-lanceolata, apice acuta vel breviter acuminata,
basi rotundata vel late cuneata, membranacea, utrinque nitida,
glabra nisi subtus ad axillas nervorum parce tomentellas; nervi
5-6-jugi, plus minusve conspicui, subtus paulo eminentes.
Inflorescentiae plerumque: terminales, cymosae, multiflorae, ad
Io cm. latae, glabrae, cymulis plerumque trifloris; bracteae
subulatae 4-5 mm. longae glabrae; pedicelli ad 5 mm. longi
glabri. Calyx campanulatus circ. 3 mm. longus glaber dentibus
quatuor 0.5—1 mm. longis triangularibus acutis vel obtusiusculis.
Corolla alba, extra roseo-suffusa, tubo 1.5-1.8 cm. longo angusto,
lobis plerumque 7 lineari-oblongis 1-1.2 cm. longis acutis.
Staminum antherae circ. 3 mm. longae supra medium tubum
insertae. Stylus e tubo exsertus stigmate linguiformi praeditus.

“West China :—Western flank ot the Tali Range, Yunnan,
on scrub and trees. Lat.25° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Scandent
shrub of 6-12 ft. Flowers fragrant, interior creamy-white,
exterior flushed carmine. Aug. 1913.’ G. Forrest, No. 11,667.

‘Western flank of the Tali Range, amongst scrub. Lat.

° 40’ N. Alt. gooo ft. Semi-scandent shrub of 6-10 ft.
feat white, flushed rose exterior, fragrant. July 1917.”
G. Forrest. No. 15,605.

‘““Szemao, Yunnan, south forests at 5000 ft. ; large climber
with white flowers.’ Henry. No. 12,66ra.

‘Ma chang prés Kieou ya pin. Plante cueillie par Paul
Ngueou. July 1909.” Ducloux. No. 1493.

SPECIES ASIATICAE, 211

Y40\0 Lactuca tsarongensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species aliquatenus anomala; habitu nano, capitulo soli-
tario nutante Cremanthodium simulante, achaenio vix rostrato
bene notata.

Planta 10-30 cm. alta radice elongata sat crassa orta. Caulis
gracilis flexuosus glaber. Folia radicalia plerumque 4-6, anguste
oblanceolata, 7-10 cm. longa, 1-1.5 cm. lata, apice ambitu
rotundata atque abrupte cuspidata vel rarius subacuta, basi in
petiolum alatum nunc haud bene discretum attenuata, margine
remote et minute denticulata, in sicco membranacea, utrinque
glabra, pallido-viridia, costa media conspicua, nervis tenuis-
simis ; folia caulina 1-4, saepius linearia 1-3 cm. longa, nunc
infimum ovatum acuminatum sessile; suprema sub capitulo
nunc fere subulata. Capitula solitaria vel raro 2, nutantia,
2-3 cm. longa et lata; involucri phylla biseriata vel subtri-
seriata, ad 1.5 cm. longa, circ. 4 mm. lata, lanceolata, acuta,
glabra nisi ad apicem minutissime puberulum, subglauca.
Corolla florum ligulatorum circ. 2.2 cm. longa, oblonga, apice
5-dentata, aurantiaca ; pappus circ. 8 mm. longus sordide albus
setis simplicibus ; stylus circ. 2 cm. longus ramis stigmatis circ.
2 mm. longis. Achaenia haud matura 2 mm. longa subteretia
obscure vel vix costata apice haud rostrata sed paulo angustata
glabra.

“S.E. Tibet :—On Doker-la, province of Tsarong, Mekong-
Salween divide, on open moist stony pasture. Lat. 28° 20’ N.
Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of 4-12 inches. Flowers deep golden-
yellow, fragrant. Aug. 1918.’’ G. Forrest. No. 16,871

A peculiar species recalling in some respects Lactuca Dubyaea,
Clarke, but without the glandular hairs of that plant.

‘Since the above was examined Mr. Reginald Farrer has
collected in the Chimili Alps, Northern Burma, a Lactuca
obviously closely allied and probably a rank-growing form with
larger leaves and (in the two specimens) three capitula.

eis =
Yh sorma chimiliensis, W. W. Sm.
Habitu elatiore, caule robusto substricto, foliis ee
praesertim caulinis, capitulis circ. 3 majoribus a typo
“North Burma :—Chimili Alps in damp alpine ican
and marshes. Alt. 11,500 ft. Aug. 1919.” Farrer. No. 1180.

»(4 Magnolia mollicomata, W. W.Sm. Sp. noy.
Species ex affinitate M. obovatae, Thunb. (M. hypoleucae,
Sieb. et Zucc.) et M. officinalis, Rehder et Wilson a quibus foliis
ellipticis apice basique rotundatis infra molliter villosis utrin-

212 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

secus circ. I2-nerviis, petiolis densissime cinereo-tomentosis,
fructibus anguste cylindricis recedit.

Arbor 18-24 m. alta ; ramuli mediocriter crassi primo dense
cinereo-tomentosi, tandem glabrescentes; gemmae anguste
ovoideae dense fulvo- vel cinereo-tomentosae. Folia decidua
petiolo 2-4 cm. longo subtereti densissime cinereo-tomentoso
praedita ; lamina 16-20 cm. longa, 10-12 cm. lata, elliptica,
apice rotundata obscure acuminulata, basi rotundata, membra-
nacea, supra opaco-viridis glabra, infra pallidior molliter cinereo-
villosa, ad costam nervosque dense cinereo-tomentosa, nervis
utrinsecus 10-12, subtus prominentibus, reticulatione utrinque
subconspicua. Flores ignoti. Pedunculus circ. 1.5 cm. longus,
crassus, dense fulvo-pilosus; sepala petalaque ex cicatricibus
12; regio staminum circ. 1 cm. longa; gynophorum nullum.
Fructus circ. 14 cm. longus, 2.5-3.5 cm. latus, anguste cylin-
dricus, symmetricus nunc apice paulo contortus; carpella
congesta circ. 12 mm. longa, 8 mm. lata, ad 3 mm. rostrata
extra lenticellis magnis notata; semina I-2, ovoidea, I0 mm.
longa, 7 mm. lata, rubra.

“ Western China -—-Mekong- Salween divide, Yunnan, in open
pine forests. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Tree of 60-80
ft. Flowers pink—seen in flower in 1905, flowering May. July
1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,466

‘“ Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide, in open forests. Lat.
27° 40° N. Alt. gooo ft. Tree of 50-60 ft. Flowers?
August 1914.”’ G. Forrest. No. 12,915.

““ Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open situations in side
valleys. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 8000-9000 ft. Shrub of 12-20
ft. Flowers? July 1919.’ G. Forrest. No. 18,083.

“S.E. Tibet :—Salween—Kiu-chiang divide, Tsarong pro-
vince, in thickets. Lat. 28° 40’ N. Long. 98° 15’ E. Shrub of
20 ft. Oct. 1919.” G. Forrest. No. 18,930. Also Nov. 1919.
G. Forrest. No. 18,790.

Magnolia nitida, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis M. Pealianae, King a qua foliis minoribus
glaberrimis utrinque nitidis inter alia recedit ; quoad folia est
similis Micheliae Bodinieri, Fin. et Gagnep. sed fructu ovoideo
haud elongato-spicato praeter signa alia discrepat.

Arbor vel frutex 6-12 m. altus. Rami subgraciles glabri.
Folia petiolo 1.5-2 cm. longo glabro supra canaliculato flavo-
viridi suffulta ; lamina 7-9 cm. longa, 2.5-4 cm. lata, oblonga
vel anguste ovato-oblonga, apice breviter acutata, basi late
cuneata vel subrotundata, coriacea, glaberrima, supra nitidis-
sima laete viridis, infra pallidior nitens nervis plerumque 7-10
paribus haud conspicuo eminentibus. Flores desunt. Pedun-

SPECIES ASIATICAE, 413

culus sat gracilis, maturitate fructuum glaber ; regio cicatricum
staminalium circ. 7 mm. longa glabra; gynophorum breve
adest, 6-8 mm. longum. Carpella matura 15-20 spicam con-
gestam 5-7 cm. longam 2.5-3 cm. latam formantia, 2—2.5 cm.
longa, circ. 1 cm. lata, sutura dorsali dehiscentia, seminibus
I~2 laete aurantiaco-rubris ad 12 mm. longis, ad 7 mm. latis
aromaticis.

“Western China :—Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in

open mixed forests. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 10,000—11,000 ft.
Shrub or tree of 20-40 ft. In mare seeds bright orange-red,
strongly aromatic. Nov. 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 15,059.

Also Oct. 1918. G. Forrest. No. 17,300.

This species like M. Pealiana, King shows a short gynophore,
but the fruit is that of a Magnolia. In its leaves it shows an
approach to Michelia Bodimiert, Fin. et Gagnep.—a species
closely allied to M. Pealiana in the opinion of its authors.

Magnolia rostrata, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species tantum cum M. officinali, Rehder et Wilson et
M. obovata, Thunb. (M. hypoleuca, Sieb. et Zucc.) compara-
bilis a quibus fructu anguste cylindrico e carpellis parvis longi-
rostratis composito inter alia signa discrepat.

Arbor 12-24 m. alta; ramuli annotini glabri flavido-
cinerei, vetustiores cicatricibus magnis foliorum delapsorum
suborbicularibus notati; gemmae circ. 5 cm. longae, anguste
cylindricae, acutatae, glabrae, eis M. Delavayi, Franch.
simillimae. Folia decidua, ad apicem ramulorum congesta
petiolo ad 4 cm. longo cito glabrescente suffulta; lamina ad
32 cm. longa, ad 23 cm. lata, late obovata, apice latissima
rotundata, acumine plerumque obsoleto, basim versus angustata
et rotundata, in sicco tenuiter papyracea, supra laete viridis
maturitate glabra, infra glauca vel subglauca, ad costam ner-
vosque densiuscule fulvo- vel ferrugineo-pilosa, cetera hic illic
sparsim pilosula, nervis utrinsecus plus minusve 30 cum costa
elevatis, reticulatione nervulcrum utrinque conspicua. Flores
praecoces, rosei, cupuliformes, saltem 16 cm. diametro ; pedun-
culi crassi, circ. 2 cm. longi, sub anthesi ut videtur glabri ; sepala
petalaque 10-11, circ. 7-8 vel nunc 10 cm. longa, 3—5.5 cm. lata,
subaequalia, obovata. Stamina numerosa, filamentis ad 5 mm.
longis, antheris circ. I cm. longis mucrone brevi triangulari
praeditis. Carpella pernumerosa stylis ovaria subaequantibus.
Fructus cylindricus, 12-14 cm. longus, ad 4 cm. latus, apice
paulo angustatus, basi subrotundatus, carpellis infimis haud
decurrentibus ; carpella inter minora, sub dehiscentiam circ.
I cm. longa, 5-6 mm. lata, naviculiformia, 1-2-sperma, rostro

214 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

valido supra incurvo 6-8 mm. longo coronata; semina multo
compressa, circ. 7 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata.

‘“* Western China :—Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open
mixed forests. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Tree
of 60-70 ft. Flowers? Said to be large, white flushed rose?
In fruit. Nov. 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 15,052. Also Oct. 1918.
In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 17,301

“‘Sie-la Pass, Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in mixed
forest. Lat. 28° N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Tree of 40-80 ft.
Flowers rose-pink, fleshy. May 1918. G. Forrest. No.
16,403.

Since the above description was written I have had the
advantage of going over the material with Mr. Forrest. The
flowers of No. 16,403 are somewhat imperfect as they were
withering when collected. Mr. Forrest is quite clear that
certain other specimens of a precocious Magnolia are referable
to this species. In its flowering state this Magnolia has a
striking resemblance to M. Campbellit, Hook. f. et Thoms.
The fruits however are very distinct.

The following are conspecific :—

‘“‘ Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in mixed and pine forests.
Lat. 25° 30’ N.. Alt. 10,000 ft. Tree of 60-80 ft. Flowers
precocious, bright rose-pink. April 1913.” G. Forrest. No.
11,860

“Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open situations.
Lat. 28° N. Alt. 7ooo ft. Shrub of 20 ft. Flowers fragrant,
fleshy,“ creamy-yellow. April 1918.’ G. Forrest. No.
16,388.

“$.E. Tibet -——Mekong- Salween divide, in pine and mixed
forests. Lat. 28° 15’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Tree of 30-60
ft. Flowers rose-pink. Flowers appearing before the foliage.
June 1904.” G. Forrest, No. 140. Recorded in Notes R.B.G., vii
(1912), 15, as M. conspicua, Salisb.

“N.W. Yunnan. 1907.’’ Monbeig, No. 11

“Eastern flank of the N’Maikha-Salween divide, Yunnan,
in mixed thickets and forests. Lat. 26° 20’ N. Alt. 8000-9000
ft. Shrub or tree of 30-40 ft. Flowers creamy-white, flushed
pie exterior, fragrant. May i1g1g.’’ G. Forrest. No.
17,868.

‘“ N’Maikha-Salween divide. Lat. 26° 30’. Tree of 60-80
ft. June 1gig.’’ G. Forrest. No. 18,246.

“Upper Burma :—High glens above Hpimaw, 9,000—10,000
ft. Abounds in the higher jungle glades going up to Hpimaw
Pass and down on the other side, in China. No two trees seem
to bear flowers of the same shade and the pure whites are even
more beautiful than the rest. Beginning to pass over by April

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 215

11th, though still superb. April 11th, 1g1g.”’ R. Farrer,
No. 816.
This is the plant which Mr. Farrer ares to be closely
akin to M. Campbellii, Hook. f. et Thom
“N.E. Upper Burma. Nov. 1919.” G. Forrest. _ No. 18,751.

Magnolia tsarongensis, W. W. Sm. et G. Forrest. Sp. nov.

Species affinis M. mollicomatae, W. W. Sm. supra descriptae
a qua ramis hornotinis dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, foliis subtus
ferrugineo-tomentosis, stipulis diu_ persistentibus, fructibus
multo minoribus praeter alia signa removitur,

Frutex ex collectore 3-6 m. altus ; ramuli mediocriter crassi
primum densissime ferrugineo-tomentosi tarde glabrescentes ;
gemmae 2-3 cm. longae anguste oblongae ferrugineo-tomentosae.
Folia decidua petiolo 3-8 cm. longo supra canaliculato dense
ferrugineo-tomentoso suffulta; lamina majorum 17-23 cm.
onga, 7-12 cm, lata, elliptica, apice ambitu rotundata breviter
apiculata, basi rotundata vel nunc cordatula, in sicco membra-
nacea, supra atroviridis ad costam nervosque ferrugineo-tomen-
tella, ceterum primum pilis ferrugineis conspersa, mox glabre-
scens, infra ad costam nervosque eminentes dense ferrugineo-
tomentosa ceterum pilis subferrugineis bene conspersa tempore
fructus vix glabrescens ; nervi utrinque circ. 12; stipulae diu
persistentes 4~7 cm. longae, circ. 8 mm. latae, oblongae, con-
volutae, primo ad petiolum arcte adpressae, dense ferrugineo-
tomentosae. Flores cum foliis coetanei ad 6.5 cm. longi
flavido-albi fragrantes ; pedunculus ad 6 cm. longus, 2-3 mm
crassus, dense fulvido-tomentosus; bracteae deciduae pars
superstes glabra vel basi pilosa extra verruculosa in sicco
nigricans. Sepala petalaque in flore dissecto 8, subaequalia,
plus minusve elliptica, utrinque rotundata, medio circ. 3.5 cm.
lata. Stamina numerosa, filamentis paulo dilatatis 2-3 mm.
longis, antheris 11-12 mm. longis apice retusis connectivo
mucronato haud praeditis. Gynaeceum cum parte staminifera
2.5 cm. paulo superans, medio vix I cm. latum, glabrum, carpellis
numerosis stigmatibus circ. 4 mm. longis acutis paulo recurvis.
Fructus circ. 6 cm. longus, 2 cm. latus, symmetricus, oblongus,
carpellis 1 cm. paulo excedentibus circ. 30 bene rostratis,
seminibus delapsis.

‘“*S.E. Tibet :—Salween-Taron (Kiu-Chiang) divide, Yunnan,
in thickets and on the margins of thickets. Lat. 28° 40’ N.
Alt.? Shrub of ro-20 ft. Flowers fragrant, creamy-white.
July 1919.” G. Forrest. Nos. 18,870, 18,512

‘* Salween—Kiu-Chiang divide. Lat. 28° 40’ N. Long.
98° 15’ E. Oct. 1919.’’ G. Forrest. No. 18,959 (duplicate in
fruit of No. 18,870).

216 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

uS\ Michelia Lacei, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species fructu magno circ. 4 cm. longo bene notata; M.
mantpurenst, Watt affinis. ;

Arbor mediocris. Rami crassi glabri lenticellis suborbicu-
laribus ornati. Folia petiolo 2-2.5 cm. longo glabro supra
canaliculato suffulta ; lamina 14-19 cm. longa, 6.5—8 cm. lata,
oblongo-elliptica, apice ambitu subrotundata breviter acutata,
basi late cuneata vel subrotundata, in sicco tenuiter coriacea,
textura M. manipurensis ei similis, maturitate utrinque glabra,
nervis lateralibus 12-15 paribus infra marginem arcuatis cum
nervulis conspicuo reticulatis. Flores non visi. Pedunculus
crassus circ. 1.5 cm. longus ; regio cicatricum staminalium circ.
1.5 cm. longa ; gynophorum in fructu ad 3 cm. longum glabrum.
Carpella matura in specimine nostro 12, pro genere permagna,
adicm. stipitata ; circ. 4cm. longa, 2—2.5 cm. lata, lignosissima,
muro 5-8 mm. lato, extra glabra lenticellis orbicularibus bene
conspersa ; semina in quoque carpello plerumque sex matura,
circ. 7 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, rubra.

‘* Upper Burma :—Thondaung to Aui Sakan, near Maymyo ;
alt. 3000 ft. Aug.1912.” J. H. Lace. No. 5928.

Closely allied to Michelia manipurensis, Watt, this species
has a remarkably large fruit, the individual carpels containing
six ripe seeds and evidence that the ovules were at least twelve
in number.

yyw? Mucuna calophylla, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis M. montanae, Diels a qua foliolis longe acumi-
natis subtus pulchre et dense sericeis facile distinguenda est.

Planta debilis scandens ad 1 m. alta. Caules gracillimi
primo setis fulvidis conspersi, mox glabri vel subglabri. Folia
petiolo 4~7.5 cm. longo setulis consperso glabrescente suffulta ;
petioluli laterales circ. 5 mm. longi dense fulvido- vel ferrugineo-
setosi; petiolulus intermedius ad 2 cm. longus; foliola sub-
aequalia plerumque circ. 7 cm. longa, circ. 3 cm. lata, supra
atroviridia setis fulvidis vel subferrugineis appressis primo
dense tandem sparsim induta, infra dense molliterque sericeo-
tomentosa, intermedium subsymmetricum late lanceolatum
apice caudato-acuminatum, basi rotundatum, lateralia basi
valde asymmetrica ceteroquin intermedio subsimilia ; nervi 3-4
-paria. Flores in speciminibus sejuncti. Calyx circ. 12 mm.
longus fere ad medium fissus, cano-tomentosus atque ferrugineo-
setosulus ; lobi superi lanceolati 5-6 mm. longi, inferus late
triangularis. Corolla atro-kermesina; vexillum suborbiculare
circ. 2 cm. longum, 1.8 cm. latum ; alae circ. 2.8 cm. longae,
basi ciliatae ; carina circ. 3.5cm.longa. Fructus deest.

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 217

“ West China:—Western flank of the Tali Range, on
dry grassy slopes. Lat. 28° 40’ N. Alt. gooo ft. Scandent
plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers deep crimson-maroon. July 1917.”
G. Forrest. No. 15,619.

37 Ophiorrhiza umbricola, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate O. Griffithii, Hook. f. a qua bracteolis
lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, corollis majoribus pallide
carmineis praeter alia signa recognoscitur.

Planta 20-45 cm. alta basi decumbens caulibus glabris vel
fere glabris. Folia petiolo circ. 2 cm. longo glabro munita;
lamina majorum 9-13 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, lanceolata vel
subelliptica, longe acuminata, basi cuneata, tenuiter mem-
branacea, utrinque glabra vel setulis hic illic pagina superiore
conspersa, supra atroviridis, infra multo pallidior, costa nervisque
subtus conspicuis; stipulae inconspicuae. Cymae terminales
pauciflorae pedunculo ad 3 cm. longo glabro suffultae ; ramuli
glabri vel minutissime fulvido-puberuli ; pedicelli vix 1.5 mm.
superantes ; bracteolae 5-6 mm.,longae lanceolatae vel oblongo-
lanceolatae, obtusae, glabrae, costa conspicua pererratae.
Calycis tubus circ. 2 mm. longus costatus sparsim et minutissime
puberulus dentibus minutis deltoideis. Corolla circ. 2.5 cm.
longa pallide carminea extra glabra intus villosa lobis ovatis

_ obtusiusculis circ. 6 mm. longis. Discus conspicuus bilobus in
sicco carmineo-suffusus. - Fructus deest.

“Upper Burma :—Nwai Valley, on shady banks in forest
amongst undergrowth. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. Flowers deep pink.
Sept. 1914.”” F. K. Ward. No. 1944.

“West China :—Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, on trees
and boulders, in shady mixed forests. Lat. 25° 12’ N. Alt.
8000 ft. Plant of 9-18 inches. Flowers pale carmine, drying a
deeper shade. June 1g918.”’ G. Forrest. No. 17,656

ob Parrya xerophyta, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis P. dinearifoliae, W. W. Sm. a qua
caulibus elatioribus miro modo foliis semi-emarcidis onustis,
foliis glabris vel subglabris, fructibus oblongis tantum ad
margines (et parcissime) pilosis recedere videtur.

Planta quoad folia et flores P. linearifoliae simillima sed
habitu longe divergit. Pars epigaea ad 15-20 cm. attingens
foliis annorum plurium semimarcidis induta. Folia linearia
glabra vel subglabra ; pars apicalis mox emarcida et cito decidua,
pars basalis persistens rigida incrassata straminea, glabra vel
hic illic capillis longis albidis conspersa. Inflorescentiae ut in
P. linearifolia ; calyx pedicellusque multo minus pilosi ; corolla

Ayo

218 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

pallido-rosea. Ovarium glabrum. Fructus ex speciminibus
haud bonis anguste oblongus 4-5 mm. latus ad margines par-
cissime pilosus.

N.E. of Chungtien, Yunnan, on
ledges and in crevices of dry cliffs. Lat.27°55’N. Alt. 14,000
ft.. Cushion plant of 6—8 inches height and somewhat greater
diameter. Flowers pale rose. July 1918.’’ G. Forrest. No.
16,444.

This is a plant of very remarkable habit. The stems are
densely clothed with the persistent and hardened lower halves
of the leaves. Notwithstanding the striking habit, the plant
approximates closely to P. linearifolia, W. W. Sm., but is much
more glabrous while the fruits are very narrow oblong.

Plectranthus muliensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species quoad inflorescentiam P. phyllostachyd1, Diels affinis
a quo foliis longe petiolatis haud subsessilibus differt ; ut in illa
specie inflorescentia bracteis conspicuis ornata est.

Planta suffruticosa ad 1 m. alta ramosa caulibus dense cinereo-
tomentosis. Folia petiolo ad 2.5 cm. longo albo-tomentoso
praedita ; lamina foliorum medianorum ad 9 cm. longa, ad 5.5
cm. lata, ovata, apice plus minusve acuminata, basi breviter et
subabrupte in petiolum angustata, margine bene crenato-dentata,
papyracea, supra rugosula glabra nisi ad costam nervosque pilis
albidis parvis conspicuos, infra pilis simplicibus mollibus
incano-tomentella, praesertim ad nervos. Inflorescentiae elon-
gatae angustae terminales et in axillis superioribus ortae, pani-
culam terminalem formantes ; flores in verticillastros 6—8-floros
fere continuos compositi; bracteae conspicuissimae, inferiores
latissime obovatae atque longiuscule cuspidatae, saepe 2 cm.
longae, 1.5 cm. latae, foliaceae et ut folia indutae, supra decre-
scentes, superiores lanceolatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae
vulgo circ. 1 cm. longae, 4 mm. latae, etiam ad apicem inflore-
scentiae verticillastros superantes vel saltem aequantes. Flores

—6 mm. longi; pedicelli circ. 3 mm. longi pilosuli. Calyx
circ. 3.5 mm. longus campanulatus sparsim pilosulus dentibus
triangularibus acutis tubum aequantibus albociliatis. Corolla
basi gibbosa roseo-purpurea, circ. 5 mm. longa; tubus labiis
paulo longior ; labium inferius breviter quadrilobum. Stamina
inclusa.

“West China :—Mu-li Mountains, S.W. Szechwan, on the
margins of thickets. Lat.28°12'N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Shrubby
plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers creamy-white, flushed and marked
rose-purple. Sept. rg18.”’ G. Forrest. No. 17,000.

__ In the conspicuous bracts this species recalls P. phyllostachys,
Diels, which has however sessile leaves. In size and form of

wr
_

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 219

flower it is near P. Coetsa, Ham., but differs from it in leaves and
form of inflorescence, including the bracts.

Podocarpus Forrestii, Craib et W. W.Sm. Sp. noy.

Species affinis P, macrophyllo (Thunb.), Don a qua habitu
humiliore, foliis brevioribus atque latioribus apice obtusis vel
etiam rotundatis inter alia recedit.

Frutex 1-3 m. altus ; ramuli sat robusti rigidi crebre foliati.
Folia cum petiolo 5-8 cm. longa, 9-13 mm. lata, anguste
oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice obtusissima vel sub-
rotundata, nonnunquam subapiculata costa media paululo pro-
jecta, basi in petiolum alatum atque vix discretum circ. 2 mm.
longum sensim attenuata, margine incrassata, in sicco coriacea,
supra subglauco-viridia vel opaco-viridia, infra pallidiora
glaucescentia ; costa media subtus latiuscula prominula.
Flores masculi desunt. Flores feminei singuli; pedunculus circ.
8 mm. longus; receptaculum carnosum, glauco-coeruleum,
circ. 3 mm. longum, basi foliolis os linearibus circ. 2 mm. longis
munitum. Fructus maturus dees

Podocarpus macrophyllus, Diels vix Don in Notes R.B.G.
Edin., vii (1912), 258.

= West China :—Eastern flank of the Tali Range, Yunnan,
in shady situations amongst scrub. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt.
8000-10,000 ft. Shrub of 2-5 ft. Flowers green. Aug. 1906.”
G. Forrest. No. 4665.

Also Aug. 1910. G. Forrest. No. 6852.

“Western flank of the Tali Shan, in open thickets. Lat.
25° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Shrub of 4-9 ft. Aug. 1917.” G.
Forrest. No. 15,527

This new species is closely akin to the variety maki, Sieb. of
P. macrophylius (Thunb.), Don, differing chiefly in the form,
colour, and consistence of the leaves. Delavay No. 4026,
referred by Franchet to macrophyillus, is probably this plant.

4199 Premna scoriarum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate P. latifoliae, Roxb. a qua foliis glaber-
rimis, calyce 4-dentato inter alia distinguitur.

Frutex 1-2 m. altus. Rami hornotini sat robusti nigridi
glabri, annotini cinerei. Folia petiolo circ. 2 cm. longo glabro
praedita ; lamina foliorum majorum 15-21 cm. longa, 7-I0 cm.
lata, ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata vel subelliptica,
apice caudato-acuminata, basi plus minusve rotundata, margine
integra nunc paulo undulata, in sicco papyracea, utrinque
glabra, supra atroviridis, infra pallidior, nervis circ. 6 paribus,
reticulatione utraque pagina bene conspicua. Inflorescentiae
late paniculatae ad 14 cm. latae, ad 8 cm. altae; axes dense et

220 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

minute fulvido-pilosi ; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae circ. 5 mm.
longae pilosae ; pedicelli brevissimi. Calyx circ. 1 mm. longus
campanulatus extra minute pilosulus in lobos 4 subaequales
ovatos apice rotundatos fere ad medium divisus. Corolla
2 mm. paulo superans ad medium in lobos oblongos obtusos
subaequales divisa viridi-alba faucibus pilosa. Stamina 4.
Fructus deest. :

“West China :—Lava-bed west of Teng-yueh, Yunnan.
Lat. 25° N. Alt. 5000 ft. Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flowers greenish-
white. Maytg12.’’ G. Forrest. No. 7488

“On lava-bed west of Teng-yueh, Yunnan, in open situa-
tions. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 5000 ft. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers
yellowish-green. May 1g12.” G. Forrest. No. 7629.

rtd Reineckia yunnanensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

vo \U

Species R. carneae, Kunth valde affinis; spica laxiuscula,
flore albo, antheris caeruleis nec flavis, fructu saltem 6-spermo
differt.

Planta acaulis foliis 15-20 cm. longis. Habitus foliaque
R. carneae, Kunth. Spica in speciminibus nostris 2-3-flora
laxiflora. Flores albi fragrantes ; bracteae circ. 5 mm. longae
membranaceae late ovatae. Perianthii segmenta sex lanceolata
vel lanceolato-oblonga, circ. 12 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata in tubum
circ. 5 mm. longum connata, obtusa, recurva. Stamina ad
fauces tubi inserta filamentis circ. 4 mm. longis, antheris caeruleis
2.5 mm. longis. Stylus stamina paululo superans; ovarium
superum. Fructus (in sicco compressus) I cm. diametro vel
paulo ultro seminibus sex ovoideis 4 mm. longi Ss.

“Western China :—Western flank of the Shweli-Salween
divide, Yunnan, in open dry situations in pine forests. Lat.
25°20’ N. Alt. gooo—10,000 ft. Plant of 6 inches. Flowers
white, fragrant, anthers blue. Aug. 1912.’ G. Forrest.
No. goto.

“Western flank of the Shweli-Salween divide, on rocks
and ledges of cliffs. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. 8000-g000 ft.
Plant of 6-9 inches. Flowers white. Aug. 1g12.” G. Forrest.
No. 9150.

Saussurea trullifolia, W.W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Eriocoryne, Hook. fil. et affinis S. gossypi-
phorae, Don ; foliis perlate obovatis facile recognoscitur.

Caudex crassus foliorum vestigiis dense obsitus ; radix longa
fusiformis. Caulis 8—9 cm. altus arachnoideo-lanuginosus dense
foliatus. Folia petiolo ad 2.5 cm. longo latiusculo arachnoideo-
lanuginoso praedita ; lamina circ. 3 cm. longa, 2.5 cm. lata, late

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 221

obovata, apice ambitu rotundata, basi in petiolum subsensim
attenuata, margine in dimidio superiore dentata, dentibus sat
magnis 8-12, crasse papyracea, utrinque albo-lanuginosa, nervis
obscuris. Capitula numerosa in glebam circ. 5 cm. diametro
congesta e foliis semiprotrusa ; involucri phylla exteriora circ.
2.5 cm. longa, 5 mm. lata, lineari-lanceolata, longe acuminata,
capillis longis albis vel fulvidis articulatis dense lanuginosa,
interiora circ. I cm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, oblanceolata vel
obovata, straminea marginibus hyalino-scariosis, nitentia glabra
apice sparsim pilosulo excepto. Corolla circ. 1.2 cm. longa;
pappus plumosus 1 cm. longus albidus ; setae exteriores paucae.
Achenium immaturum glabrum.

“West China :—At A-tun-tsu, N.W. Yunnan, on screes at
15,000-16,000 ft. Aug. 1913.” F. Kingdon Ward. No. ro16.

uyo\3 Saussurea velutina, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. uniflorae, Wall. a qua sociisque foliis dense
et mollissime tomentosis inter alia differt.

Planta erecta 30-35 cm. alta caule simplici robusto laxe
albido-piloso basi glabrescente. Folia radicalia delapsa ; caulina
6-12, suberecta, 8-14 cm. longa, 1-1.5 cm. lata, lineari-lanceolata
vel sublinearia, apice acuminata indurato-apiculata, basi in
partem petiolarem vix discretam semiamplexicaulem attenuata,
margine remote et minute serrulata, utrinque molliter fulvido-
tomentosa, nervis celatis, costa media tantum visibili; folia
involucrantia 3—4 cm. longa, capitulum semi-includentia, obovata
vel subelliptica, remote serrata vel subintegra, breviter acumi-
nata, purpurea, laxe albido-pilosa. Capitulum solitarium 3-4
cm. diametro pedunculo brevi crasso suffultum; involucri
phylla circ. 1.5 cm. longa anguste lanceolata, acuminata, plus
minusve albido-villosa, exteriora utraque facie nigrida, interiora
straminea marginibus nigris. Corolla 1.5 cm. longa pappo
interiore circ. r cm. longo sordide albo, setis exterioribus
‘4-5 mm. longis scabridulis, acheniis vix maturis oblongis circ.
3 mm. longis atrobrunneis glabris.

** West China :—On the Bei-ma-shan, N.W. Yunnan, on
screes at 16,000 ft. 1913.’’ F. Kingdon Ward. No. 1093.

\\1> Schefflera (Heptapleurum) dumicola, W. W. Sm. _ Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. salweenensi, W. W. Sm. et S. shweliensi,

W. W. Sm. a quibus foliolorum oblongorum subtus glaucorum
forma atque textura inter alia differt

Frutex 4-6 m. altus. Folia superiora tantum visa petiolo

15-40 cm. longo glabro suffulta; foliola 5-9, petiolulis 1.5—4.5

cm. longis praedita; lamina 15-24 cm. longa, 4-5 cm. lata,

ont

222 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

oblonga, apice plus minusve acuminata, basi cuneata, margine
integra, textura tenuis sub fructu papyracea, glabra, supra
atroviridis, infra pulchre glauca, nervis utrinque 12-20 haud
eminentibus. Panicula fructifera angusta ad 40 cm. longa,
basi ad 15 cm. nuda, racemiformis, infra medioque ramulos
patentes circ. 4cm. longosemittens ; rhachis stellato-tomentella ;
flores non visi. Fructus subglobosus circ. 5 mm. diametro
purpureo-niger 5-locularis; styli in unum coaliti; stigmata
paulo divergentia.

“West China —-Siawele Salween divide, spite in scrub
and on the margins of mixed forests. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt.
8000 ft. Shrub of 12-20 ft. In fruit; fruits aicpiabiank.
February 1918.’’ G. Forrest. No. 16,158.

The following.is probably identical :—

“ Western flank of the Tali Range, Yunnan, in open scrub
in side valleys. Shrub of 12-20 ft. Foliage only. Lat. 25°
40’N. Alt. goooft. Aug. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,665.

Scutellaria tenax, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. Franchetianae, Lévl. a qua habitu sub-
decumbente, racemis terminalibus, foliis multo minoribus

floribus coeruleis basi flavidis inter alia signa divergit.

Planta subfruticosa ad 30 cm. alta, caulibus pluribus flexuosis
saepe decumbentibus tenacibus basi longe nudis dense cinereo-
pilosis. Folia petiolo circ. 2 mm. longo pilosulo praedita ;
lamina 1-2 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, hederiformis, apice obtusa,
basi rotundata, margine dentibus magnis utrinque vulgo 2 notata,
Ppapyracea, supra pilis appressis conspersa, infra paulo densius.
Inflorescentiae terminales vel nonnunquam axillares pauci-
florae et laxiflorae; bracteae inferiores foliis subsimiles sed
minores, superiores 3-4 mm. longae ovatae vel ovato-lanceolatae
integrae obtusae; axis dense glanduloso-pilosus. Flores in
paria dispositi, quoad formam atque magnitudinem eis S. dis-
coloris, Colebr. subsimiles, ad 4 mm. pedicellati. Calyx 2.5
mm. longus dense glanduloso-pilosus. Corolla 12-13 mm.
longa, extra pilis glandulosis bene praedita, opaco-coerulea, basi
flavida, tubo latiusculo, lobo labii inferioris intermedio tubum
fere aequante. Stamina ad apicem loborum fere attingentia.
Fructus deest.

“West China :—Mountains of the Chungtien plateau,
Yunnan, on open dry pasture. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft.
Half-shrubby plant of 1 ft. Flowers dull blue, tube of corolla
yellow at base. Aug. 1g14.’’ G. Forrest. No. 13,050.

A very distinct plant with its wiry flexuous stems and small
hederiform leaves.

30°

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 225

Sideroxylon shweliense, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. burmanico, Coll. et Hemsl. a quo foliis
anguste lanceolatis recedit; a S. Wightiano, Hook. et Arn.
floribus majoribus differt.

Frutex 1-2 m. altus. Ramuli annotini cinerei glabri. Folia
alterna petiolo 6-8 mm. longo primum minute cinereo-adpresso-
pilosulo demum glabrescente praedita ; lamina 7-8 cm. longa,
circ. 2.5 cm. lata, anguste lanceolata, apice longiuscule acutata,
acumine ipso obtusiusculo, basi cuneata, in sicco papyracea,
supra laete viridis nitens glabra nisi ad costam sparsim pilosulam,
infra pallidior glabra vel sparsissime (praesertim ad costam)
pilosula. Flores 1~-4-fasciculati in axillis foliorum delapsorum,
pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis fulvo-tomentosis suffulti. Calycis
segmenta 3-4 mm. longa valde imbricata inaequalia late ovata
obtusissima extra fulvo-tomentosa intus in parte superiore
pilosula. Corolla flavida circ. 8 mm. longa extra glabra vel
subglabra intus ad tubum pilosula lobis ovato-lanceolatis acutis
circ. 5 mm. longis. Stamina 5 filamentis 1.5 mm. longis glabris
antheris 2.5 mm. longis; staminodia 5 lanceolata acuta lobos
corollae subaequantia paulo fimbriata. Stylus glaber cum
ovario tomentoso 5-loculari circ. 1r mm. longus. Fructus circ.
3 cm. longus ovoideus.

“Western China:—In mixed forests in ravines on the
ee ae flank of the Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan. Lat.

° 40’ N. Alt. gooo—10,000 ft. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers
chekiny Geib May 1919.’ G. Forrest. No. 17,886.

“Sept. 1919. In fruit.” G. Forrest. No. 18,555.

Silene sinowatsoni, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species habitu S. rosiflorae, F. K. Ward affinis sed floribus
remota; ob structuram floris in vicinitatem S. yunnanensis,
Franch. posita est sed notis multis differt.

Planta in cultura plus minusve decumbens basi ramosus
caulibus ad 30 cm. longis flexuosis remotiuscule foliosis capillis
albis patentibus glandulosis bene indutis. Folia sessilia, ad 4.5
cm. longa, ad 2 cm. lata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice acuta
vel subacuta, basi rotundata, tenuiter papyracea, utraque facie
et ad marginem pilis albidis glandulosis bene instructa. In-
florescentiae terminales laxissime cymosae pauciflorae ramis
dense albo-glanduloso-pilosis ; pedicelli seniores 3-5 cm. longi
glanduloso-pilosi ; bracteae foliosae circ. 1 cm. longae glandu-
losae. Calyx 16-17 mm. longus, circ. 6 mm. latus, tubulosus,
basi vix angustatus, dentibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis
circ. 5 mm. longis, roseo-purpureus, ad nervos Io purpureos pilis
glandulosis bene praeditus. Petala calycem fere duplo superantia,

224 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

rosea, ungue glabro supra paululo dilatato exauriculato circ.
1.6 cm. longo in laminam obovatam circ. 1.3 cm. longam ad
medium quadrifidam expanso, lobis interioribus oblongis erosulis
exterioribus linearibus minoribus; squamae oblongae vel
sublineares circ. 2 mm. longae incisae vel integrae. Staminum
filamenta glabra. Ovarium anguste oblongum uniloculare basi
parietum vestigiis instructum stylophoro duplo longius, stylis
tribus coronatum. Capsula matura deest.

Central China :—Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden
from seeds sent by Mr Charles Marson Watson.

Strobilanthes shweliensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. multidenti, Clarke et S. rhombifolio, Clarke ;
a priore foliis basi rotundatis, flore fere dimidio minore inter alia
divergit ; ab altera caule viscoso-pilosulo, foliis scabridulis
majoribus, flore minore praeter alia signa removitur; a S$
scoriarum autem affini calycibus viscoso-pubescentibus differt.

Planta circ. r m. alta erecta caulibus subquadratis primo
dense viscoso-pilosulis tandem glabrescentibus. Folia superiora
ad regionem inflorescentiae sessilia, inferiora petiolo 1-2 cm.
longo subglabro suffulta; lamina majorum 12-15 cm. longa,
circ. 7 cm. lata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata,
basi plus minusve rotundata, margine crebre et regulariter serru-
lata, serraturis utrinque circ. 50, in sicco submembranacea, tactu
utrinque scabridula, lineolata, inter dentes sparsim ciliolata ;
nervi ad 10 paria. Inflorescentiae amplae anguste paniculatae
ad 30 cm. longae ; rhachis cum ramis ramulisque dense glandu-
loso-pilosa ; bracteae sub anthesi deciduae. Calyx circ. I cm.
longus pilis longis glandulosis dense indutus, in lobos 5 lineares
fere ad imum divisus. Corolla 2.5—3 cm. longa fere recta extra
glabra purpurea, intus glabra (nisi ad unum locum apud fauces
albo-villosum) ; tubus infra cylindricus supra subito ampliatus,
parte ventricosa paulo longiore, lobis rotundatis circ. 5 mm.
diametro. Stamina 4 filamentis glabris, polline typico.
Ovarium minute pilosulum stylo gracillimo in parte inferiore
sparsim pilosulo. Fructus deest.

“ West China :—Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open

situations by streams. Alt. 10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Plant

of 3-4 ft. Flowers ruddy purple. Sept. 1917.’ G. Forrest.
No. 16,107.

UU Thunbergia salweenensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis T. maculatae, Lace a qua floribus kerme-
sinis, calyce longiuscule denticulato glabro inter alia divergit.

Planta scandens ad 1-5 m. attingens. Caules herbacei, glabri
vel subglabri nisi ad nodos ubi pilorum albidorum subsetaceorum

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 225

linea circumdati. Folia petiolo 2-2.5 cm. longo praedita,
plerumque circ. 7-10 cm. longa, 4-5 cm. lata, ovata, apice plus
minusve acuminata, basi subrotundata et subabrupte in petiolum
supra paulo alatum angustata, obscure et distanter denticulata
vel subintegra, in sicco membranacea, supra pilis subsetaceis
conspersa, infra pallidiora glabra, nervis utrinque 3-4 in sicco
conspicuis. Flores axillares, solitarii, pedicellis 5-7 cm. longis
glabris praediti; bracteolae eis T. maculatae simillimae. Calyx
irregulariter et prominenter denticulatus, sed vix ita conspicuo
ut in sectione Euthunbergia, glaber. Corolla circ. 4.5 cm. longa
ex collectore kermesina, immaculata, extra glabra intus minute
pilosula, lobis subaequalibus rotundatis. Stamina inclusa fila-
mentis apice. glabris infra pilosis et glandulosis; antherae
acuminatae circ. 6 mm. longae, acumine 2 mm. longo longe
piloso atque basi appendicula 2 mm. longa oblonga pilosa
praeditae. Discus mediocris carnosus. Ovarium glabrum
stylo 2.7 cm. longo glabro apice obscure bilobulato munitum.
Fructus deest.

“West China :—Salween Valley, Yunnan, on scrub. Lat.
25° 10’ N. Alt. 3000 ft. Scandent plant of 4-5 ft. Flowers
deep crimson. Aug. 1914.”. G. Forrest. No. 13,158.

“‘ Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, on scrub in thickets.
Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. Scandent plant of 10-15 ft.
Flowers red. July—Aug. 1918.’ G. Forrest. No. 17,645.

This Yunnan species is very like T. maculata, Lace from the
Ruby Mines District of Burma. The leaves, bracteoles, and the
structure of the flower, especially the stamens, are very similar.
The Yunnan plant differs chiefly in the crimson or red flowers
(instead of white or yellowish white) without conspicuous spot-
ting, and in the pronounced lobing of the calyx which is glabrous.
The lobing of the calyx is not so regular nor so prominent as
in T. fragrans, Roxb., but it is much more pronounced than in
the scarcely toothed ring which is found in the section Meyenia.

Catt Tovaria finitima, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate T. Delavayt, Franch. et T. tatstenensis,
Franch. ; floribus roseis, stylo brevissimo ovarium haud aequante
inter alia bene patnit

Planta 45-60 cm. alta, rhizomate crasso, fibris numerosis
tomentellis. Caulis erecius sat crassus, stramineus in sicco,
glaber. Folia 3-4 vel ad 7, plerumque in dimidio superiore,
petiolo 10-20 mm. longo praedita ; lamina plerumque 10-18 cm.
longa, 4-6 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata,
apice longissime et acutissime acuminata, acumine ipso minute
scabrido-marginato, basi rotundata, utrinque glabra, in sicco
membranacea. Inflorescentiae eleganter paniculatae floribus

226 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

longiuscule pedicellatis sed vix numerosis; bracteae I-2 mm.
longae lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae; axes glabri patenter
ramosi; pedicelli plus minusve 5 mm. longi floribus longiores.
Perianthium circ. 8 mm. diametro saturate roseum, fere ad
basim partitum, segmentis fere 4 mm. longis late ellipticis
utrinque rotundatis vel obtusis. Stamina vix 1 mm. superantia
filamentis complanatis deltoideis. Ovarium subglobosum circ.
2.5 mm. diametro, stylo vix 1 mm. longo apice obscure trilobulo,
loculis tribus vulgo 2-spermis.

“Western China In the Shweli Valley, Yunnan, in shady
situations. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt. 7000 ft. Plant of 14-2 ft.
Flowers deep dullrose. July 1913.’ G. Forrest. No. 12,040.

‘“‘ Mingkwong Valley, Yunnan, in thickets. Lat. 25° 20’ N.
Alt. 6500 ft. Plant of 2} ft. In fruit. July 1912.” G.
Forrest. No. 8642.

‘‘ Upper Burma :—At Htawgaw, valley of Naung-Chaung,
Lashi country, in forest, deep shade. 8000-gooo ft. Flowers
greenish with red border. May 1914.” F. Kingdon Ward.
No. 1611

The following in fruit and with the leaves sparingly pubescent
on both sides is I believe the same :—

“Western flank of the Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in
shady situations in thickets. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. gooo ft.
Plant of 2ft. Infruit. Aug. 1912.’ G. Forrest. No. gorg.

With similar leaves is also :—

““ Shweli-Salween divide, in open thickets and cane brakes.
Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt. ro,ooo ft. Plant of 18-24 inches.
Flowers dull deep rose. Sept. 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 15,988.

gol Tovaria Wardii, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis T. atropurpureae, Franch. a qua foliis
subtus puberulis, racemis basi compositis, floribus albis vel
roseo-tinctis, perianthii lobis obtusis, stylo ovarium aequante
ex descriptione differt.

Planta 30-45 cm. alta rhizomate crasso. Caulis erectus, in
sicco stramineus, infra glabrescens, in dimidio superiore sub-
sparsim pubescens. Folia 6-8, petiolo brevissimo amplexicauli
praedita ; lamina 12-16 cm. longa, 5-7 cm. lata, ovato-lanceo-
lata, apice mediocriter acuminata, basi rotundata, supra glabra,
infra sparsim pubescens, in sicco membranacea. Inflorescentiae
racemosae basi bene ramosae multiflorae ; bracteae I-1.5 mm.
longae lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae ; axes ascendentes vix
patentes densiuscule pubescentes ; pedicelli circ. 3 mm. longi
pubescentes. Perianthium circ. 7 mm. longum album vel nunc
roseo-tinctum, ad medium partitum, segmentis ovatis obtusis.

ina vix I mm, - longa, ad fauces tubi inserta, filamentis

SPECIES ASIATICAE, 227

subcylindricis antheras vix aequantibus. Ovarium ovoideum
circ. 1.5 mm. longum glabrum stylum apice trilobulum sub-
aequans. Fructus deest.

“ Western China :—At A-tun-tsu, N.W. Yunnan, in rain-
forest undergrowth. Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. June 1913.”
F. Kingdon Ward. No. 556.

: “ Upper Burma :—Ridge of Naung Chaung, Nwai divide.
Alt. 11,000~12,000 ft. Flowers pure white, or petals some-
times bordered with red. In damp shady moss-covered places
on the ridge beneath dwarf bamboo brake. July ror14.”’
F. Kingdon Ward. Nos. 1811, 1812.

Uv Vaccinium oreogenes, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species inter congeneres indo-burmanicos floribus solitariis
ex axillis foliorum superiorum natis bene notata; folia eis
V, Doniani, Wight sociorumque ejus subsimilia ; nullo modo
affinis V. modesto, W. W. Sm. speciei chinensi floribus solitariis
praeditae.

Frutex ad 1 m. altus ramosus ramulis junioribus glabris
valde angulatis bene foliatis, senioribus cinerascentibus. Folia
petiolo 2-3 mm. longo latiusculo sparsim puberulo praedita ;
lamina plerumque 4-6 cm. longa, 1.5-2 cm. lata, lanceolata,
apice sensim acuminata, basi cuneata, margine crebro et minute
serrulata, supra opaco-viridis glabra, costa media pilosula
excepta, infra paulo pallidior glabra papillosa, nervis 6-7
paribus subtus in sicco paulo prominulis. Flores in axillis
superioribus solitarii pedicellis 6-7 mm. longis subarcuatis
glabris suffulti; bracteolae cito deciduae 4-5 mm. longae
lineari-lanceolatae membranaceae glabrae nunc ad medium
pedicellum, nunc sub calycem positae. Calycis lobi deltoidei
2 mm. longi, apice apiculati, in sicco rubidi. Corolla globosa
8-g mm. longa, lobis ovatis obtusis 1.5-2 mm. longis, ex col-
lectore alba. Stamina ro filamentis 3 mm. longis pilosis,
antheris 1.5 mm. longis tubulis 2.5 mm. longis praeditis, aristis
duabus subulatis dorso affixis. Ovarium circ. 3 mm. longum
glabrum stylo 7 mm. longo. Fructus deest.

‘Upper Burma :—Naung Chaung Valley on open grassy
granite hills at gooo—10,000 ft. Small bushy shrub of 2-3 ft.
Flowers white. July 1914.’’ F. Kingdon Ward. No. 1732.

aot Viburnum shweliense, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Thyrsosmatis, Rehder et affinis V. yun-
nanensi, Rehder a quo foliis multo majoribus, petiolis duplo
majoribus glabrescentibus inter alia ex descriptione differt ;
facies ramorum atque foliorum V. Simonsii, Hook. f. et Thoms.
in memoriam revocat. |

\4r\

228 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Frutex 2-3 m. altus; ramuli crassi glabri lenticellis magnis
circularibus conspicuo conspersi cinerei. Folia petiolo 2—2.5 cm.
longo subglabro vel pilis fasciculatis consperso supra sulcato
suffulta ; lamina plerumque 8-12.5 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata,
ovalis vel oblongo-ovalis, apice obtusa vel paulo acutata, basi
plus minusve late cuneata, margine serraturis induratis nume-
rosis notata, membranacea, decidua, supra atroviridis glabra,
infra pallidior, ad costam paulo eminentem atque ad nervos pilis
fasciculatis conspersa ; nervi 6~7-jugi paulo flexuosi in dentes
excurrentes. Inflorescentiae terminales et ramulos_ breves
laterales bifoliatos terminantes paniculatae, circ. 5 cm. longae,
circ. 5 cm. latae, pilis fasciculatis albidis dense indutae ; pedun-
culus 3-4 cm. longus pilosus ; bracteae 2-5 mm. longae, lineari-
lanceolatae vel sublineares, membranaceae, sparsim pilosulae.
Calycis lobi ovati vix 1 mm. longi obtusi glabri. Corolla alba
rotata ; tubus circ. 3 mm. longus glaber ; lobi 1.5-2 mm. longi
late ovati reflexi. Stamina summam corollam aequantia ultra
lobos reflexos projicientia. Ovarium turbinatum glabrum circ.
3 mm. longum.

“West China :—Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open
scrub. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Shrub of 6-9 ft.
Flowers creamy-white. July 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 15,818.

Viola pogonantha, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate V. belophyllae, de Boissieu (V. serpens,
Wall., var. macrantha, Franch.) ; foliis longiuscule petiolatis
longe acuminatis, petalis intus villosulis, ovario dense villosulo
inter alia signa notata.

Planta 10-15 cm. alta. Rhizoma elongatum articulatum,
ad collum stipulis emarcidis indutum, ut videtur estoloni-
ferum. Caulis brevis foliis caulinis et basilaribus subsimilibus.
Folia petiolo gracili 8-12 cm. longo infra glabro supra prope
laminam setulis deflexis albidis bene praedito suffulta ; lamina
6-8 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata, plus minusve ovata, apice
longiuscule acuminata, basi alte cordata lobis subrotundatis,
margine regulariter serrato-crenata crenis obtusis, supra setulis
albidis conspersa, infra ad costam nervosque satis setosula ;
stipulae pallido-virides circ. 1.5 cm. longae lineari-lanceolatae
longissime acuminatae subintegrae vel fimbriis glanduloso-
capitatis paucis instructae. Pedunculi circ. 6-8 cm. longi
petiolis breviores bracteolis linearibus circ. 7 mm. longis. Flores
mediocres albi purpureo-striati. Sepala circ. 7 mm. longa,
lineari-oblonga, apice obtusiuscula vel subacuta, albido-pilosula
appendicibus circ. 2 mm. longis quadratis, Petala circ. 1 cm.
longa, oblonga, intus ad dimidium inferius pilis albidis bene
barbata ; calcar circ. 3 mm. longum, pro longitudine latum,

—O

SPECIES ASIATICAE. 229

obtusissimum. Appendices connectivorum magni ovati antheris

fere aequilongi. Stigma terminale truncatulum; ovarium
minute villosulum. Capsula submatura fere globosa villosula
seminibus paucis.

“West China:—Taping-pu Valley, Yunnan, in shady
thickets by streams. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt. zooo ft. Plant
of 4-6 inches. Flowers white, veined purple. May 1913.”
G. Forrest. No. 9925.

Wikstroemia leptophylla, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Inter species chinenses foliis linearibus glabris, inflorescentiis
paniculatis, floribus pentameris bene notata.

Frutex I-1.5 m. altus, ramosus, bene foliatus, ramulis
novellis plus minusve quadratis gracilibus pallido- -viridibus
glabris, senioribus cinerascentibus.* Folia opposita vix petiolata ;

lamina 3-6 cm. longa, 3-6 mm. lata, linearis vel lineari-lanceolata,

apice plus minusve acuta, basi in insertionem sensim angustata,
margine revoluta, in sicco membranacea, glabra, pallido-viridis,
subtus pallidior, costa media infra eminente. Inflorescentiae
ramulos terminantes, vulgo e racemis ternis compositae, circ.
6 cm. longae, 10-20-florae, glabrae, pedunculis 2-3 cm. longis,
pedicellis vix r mm. longis. Perianthii flavido-viridis tubus
12-13 mm. longus, circ. 2 mm. latus, anguste cylindricus, glaber ;
lobi circ. 1.5 mm. longi, ovato-oblongi, obtusi. Stamina 8,
biseriata, antheris 1 mm. longis filamenta superantibus.
Ovarium circ. 4.5 mm. longum, oblongum, glabrum apice
sparsim pilosulo excepto; stigma magnum capitatum stylo
brevi suffultum. Fructus deest.

“* West China :—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend,
Yunnan, in open dry situations amongst rocks. Lat. 27° 45’ N.
Alt. gooo ft. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers yellowish-green. Sept.
igts. .-G. Forrest. No..21,230.

‘* Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan, in
open situations on the margins of thickets. Lat. 27° 45’ N.
Alt. 10,000 ft. Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers green. July 1913.”
G. Forrest. No. 10,563

Allied perhaps to W dolichantha, Diels.

69% Wikstroemia mekongensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Inter species chinenses tetrameras foliis papyraceis oblanceo-
latis vel obovatis obtusis glabris, inflorescentiis late paniculatis,
floribus purpureo-kermesinis inter alia signa bene notata.

Frutex 1-2 m. altus, ramosus, bene foliatus, ramulis novellis
subteretibus sat crassis pallido-viridibus glabris. Folia opposita
petiolo crasso 1-2 mm. longo suffulta ; lamina vulgo 4-5.5 cm.
longa, 1.5—2.5 cm. lata, oblanceolata vel obovata, apice rotundata

230 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM,

breviter et obtusiuscule apiculata, basi late cuneata, margine
plana, in sicco papyracea, glabra, supra pallido-viridis, infra
pallidior, costa media infra conspicua albida, nervis lateralibus
subobscuris.. Inflorescentiae terminales late paniculatae, ad
12 cm. longae, ad 9 cm. latae, pedunculis crassis glabris, racemis
ipsis circ. 20-floris sparsim albido-pilosulis, pedicellis circ. r mm.
longis albido-pilosulis. Perianthii _purpureo-kermesini tubus
circ. 8 mm. longus, I mm. latus, anguste cylindricus, sparsim
pilosulus ; lobi 1 mm. paulo superantes oblongi obtusi; disci
squama unica oblonga apice erosa. Stamina biseriata antheris
circ. r mm. longis filamenta superantibus. Ovarium circ. 2.5
mm. longum apice pubescens, stigmate capitato, stylo brevis-
simo. Fructus deest.

“* West China :—Mekong Valley, Yunnan, in open situations
amongst rocks by streams. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 8000 ft.
Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flowers deep purple-crimson. July 1914.”
G. Forrest. No. 13,079.

In appearance this species suggests W. scytophyilla, Diels,
but differs very widely in the inflorescence. In cultivation the
flower buds are purplish at the apex but the flowers are greenish-
yellow.

Notes on certain Asiatic Styracaceae.

BY
WILLIAM WRIGHT SMITH, M.A.

THE species described in the following paper are :—

Parastyrax Lacei, W. W. Sm., p. 232.
Pterostyrax burmanicus, W. W. Sm. et Farrer, p. 233.

Styrax shweliensis, W. W. Sm., p. 236.

The recent acquisition by the Royal Botanic Garden of.
important collections of Asiatic plants such as the herbaria of’
Léveillé and of Lace and the material resulting from the further
explorations of Forrest, Farrer, and Ward in Yunnan and Upper
Burma have elucidated various problems which from the paucity
of specimens previously available presented many difficulties to
the student of the flora of these regions. Among other orders
this is true of the Styracaceae, and in addition to the description
of three new species the present short paper gives a fuller
account of two Burmese plants previously imperfectly known.

Of the three new species described, one, Pterostyrax bur-
manicus, W. W. Sm. et Farrer, is an interesting extension west-
wards of the genus, and incidentally an example of the import-
ant results which will attend an adequate exploration of the
alpine regions of Burma. The two previously known Burmese
plants for which I have had to form new names are also of
interest. Styrax Buchananii is I believe equivalent to a plant
collected long ago by Griffith, which has remained inadequately
described under a varietal name until the collections of
Buchanan and Lace came to aid the solution. The other
described by the writer in 1911 as Styrax Lacet is in the light of
the further material secured by Lace not to be retained in that
genus, but forms the basis of a new genus Parastyrax. The
fruit is now available and separates the plant from both Styrax
and Pterostyrax.

Parastyrax, W. W. Sm. Genus novum Styracacearum.

Genus a Styrace, Linn., ovario infero recedens ; Pterostyract,
Sieb. et Zucc. valde affinis sed calycis tubo infra ovario adnato
[Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LIX, May 1920.]

232 SMITH—NOTES ON CERTAIN ASIATIC STYRACACEAE.

supra in annulum laxum connato, fructu magno ellipsoideo nec
alato nec costato, exocarpio carnosulo distinguitur.

Arbor altissima. Folia alterna subcoriacea minute calloso-
denticulata. Flores in ramulis hornotinis ex axillis foliorum
superiorum orti, in racemos congestos simplices vel parum
ramosos dispositi. Calyx infra ovario adnatus supra in
annulum cupularem connatus, subinteger. Corollae petala 5,
decidua, ima basi paululo cohaerentia, in aestivatione imbri-
cata, erectiuscula. Stamina 10, inclusa, a petalis libera, sub-
aequalia, filamentis in tubum cylindricum connatis ; antherae
oblongae introrsae. Ovarium pro maxima parte inferum
3-loculare, multiovulatum ; stylus elongatus subulatus apice
capitatus. Drupa oblongo-ellipsoidea, exocarpio carnosulo
praedita, indehiscens, teres vel subteres, abortu 1-2-locularis,
1-2 - sperma, maturitate glabra lenticellis magnis notata.
Species unica burmanica.

Parastyrax Lacei, W. W. Sm. Comb. nov. Styrax Lacei,
W. W. Sm. in Kew Bull., rg11, p. 344.

Additional material of this tree is now available which entails
certain corrections and additions to the original description.
Instead of a tree of moderate height, it is one of 150 feet or over.
The inflorescences are axillary to the upper leaves; I have
not found one truly terminal. The flowers are noted as yellow.
The calyx adnate below to the inferior ovary is prolonged
upwards into a narrow ring with a slightly irregular margin but
not toothed. The staminal filaments are united into a tube
glabrous outside, minutely pilose inside; free part of the fila-
ments very short or almost absent. The mature fruit is wholly
inferior, ellipsoid, 3 cm. long by 1 cm. broad, covered with a

thin fleshy exocarp, and marked by elongate whitish lenticels ;
the endocarp is very hard and woody ; there are no indications
of either wings or ridges on the mature fruit which is said to be
edible.

I can now give Lace’s full note on No. 5107 :—

“ Upper Burma :—Kadu Hill, Katha District, alt. 3000-4000
ft. 23rd Feb. rg10. ‘Nanem,’ Kachin. Large tree, 150 ft.
and over in height. Long clean bole and crown composed of
pale rather few but strong branches. Calyx truncate. Petals
5 yellow, pubescent on both sides, imbricate in bud ; later over-
lapping and slightly coherent at base. Stamens 10, joined in
tube which is rather inflated at base. Stigma terminal. Ovary
appears half inferior. Measured one specimen 13 ft. in girth
and about 160-170 ft. high. Bark 3 in. thick, reddish inside ;
no heartwood ; wood white. The fruit is said to be large, r}in.,
and is eaten. Common tree in evergreen forest on the Kadu

SMITH—NOTES ON CERTAIN ASIATIC STYRACACEAE. 233

Hill between 3000 and 4000 ft.” Lace No. 5107 in Herb. Kew.
Calcutt. et Edin

“ Kadu Hill, 4000 ft., roth July r91r. Fruiting specimen.
Tree ro ft. in girth at 7 ft. from ground ; total height 117 ft.
To first branch 67 ft., of which mid-girth was 7 ft. 4 inches.
Buttressed at base.’”” Lace No. 5340 in Herb. Edin.

Pterostyrax burmanicus, W. W. Sm. et Farrer. Sp. nov.

Species affinis P. hispido, Sieb. et Zucc. a quo foliis anguste
lanceolatis, floribus praecocibus multo majoribus differt.

Arbor altissima ex collectore. Ramuli hornotini vix
evoluti; seniores cinerascentes glabri decorticantes. Folia sub
anthesin haud bene evoluta ; lamina 5-5.5 cm. longa, I-1.5 cm.
lata, anguste lanceolata, apice acutata, acumine ipso obtusius-
culo, basi cuneata, margine minute denticulata, juventute
membranacea, pilis stellatis sparsim munita ; petiolus fere I cm.
longus parce stellato-pilosus. Flores praecoces ex axillis folio-
rum delapsorum orti, in paniculas multifloras (vulgo 15~25-
floras) ad 8 cm. longas dispositi vix 2 cm. longi; rhachis dense
canescenti-stellato-pilosa ; bracteae 7-10 mm. longae lineares
cum pedicellis 5-8 mm. longis stellato-pilosae. Calycis tubus
circ. 3-4 mm. longus, ovario adnatus, nervis quinque dentibus
oppositis prominulis pererratus, canescenti-pilosus; dentes 5
circ. 1.5 mm. longi, triangulares acutissimi. Petala circ. 1.8
cm. longa, circ. I cm. lata, libera, in aestivatione imbricata,
obovata, apice rotundata, alba. Stamina 10, quinque paululo
breviora, filamentis in dimidio inferiore in annulum connatis,
pilis albis simplicibus bene indutis. Ovarium pro maxima parte
inferum 3-4-loculare multiovulatum stylo fere ad apicem
stellato-piloso corollam aequante vel paulo superante. Fructus
deest.

“East Upper Burma :—Langyang, at 7000 ft.; extremely
floriferous and fragrant, dotting the jungle with its white masses,
but such a tall and kare-stemmed tree that only gunshot could
procure specimens. April 2nd, rg1g.” R. Farrer. No. 803.

Styrax biaristatus, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.
Species ex affinitate S. odoratissimi, Champ. et S. Sai venta
Hemsl. a quibus floribus minoribus, calyce fere ad medium

“ lobos triangulares fisso, staminibus apice biapiculatis bh aati

tomentosis, stylo ad apicem pilosulo, fructu resupinato differt.
rutex 6-9 m. altus. Ramuli subteretes cito glabrescentes,
vetustiores cinerei. Folia petiolo 1-1.5 cm. longo sparsissime
stellato-piloso praedita ; lamina vulgo 9-11 cm. longa, 3-4 cm.
lata, oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, apice acuminata, basi late

et saepe asymmetrice cuneata, margine remote et minute denti-

234 SMITH—NOTES ON CERTAIN ASIATIC STYRACACEAE.

culata, in sicco tenuiter papyracea, supra opaco-viridis glabra,
infra vix pallidior, glabra nisi ad axillas nervorum sparsim
tomentellas, nervis utrinsecus 7—9-paribus infra paulo eminen-
tibus. Inflorescentiae paniculatae, terminales atque axillares,
6-10 cm. longae, multiflorae; axes dense incano-stellato-
tomentosi; bracteae lineares mox caducae. Calyx cupuli-
formis circ. 2 mm. longus, fere ad medium in lobos triangulares
subacutos fissus dense adpresso-incano-tomentosus. Corolla
flavida 5-partita, tubo fere nullo, lobis in aestivatione imbricatis,
8-g mm. longis, 2.5 mm. latis, anguste oblongis, subobtusis,
Gtrinque flavescenti-stellato-tomentellis. Stamina to, fila-
mentis fere liberis 3 mm. longis dense stellato-pilosis, antheris
circ. 2 mm. longis, connectivo pilosulo apice producto biaristato.
Ovarium ovoideum superum 3- -loculare multiovulatum tomen-
tosum; stylus 7-8 mm. longus cylindricus crassus undique
pilosulus. Fructus circ. 4 mm. longus ovoideus resupinatus
calyce paulo aucto fere omnino inclusus.

“ Western China :—In thickets in ravines on the western
flank of the Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan. Lat. 25° 40’ N.
Alt. gooo ft. Shrub of 20-30 ft. Flowers fragrant, creamy-
yellow. May to1g.’’ G. Forrest. No. 18,020.

“‘ N’ Maikha-Salween divide, at Ho-tou, Yunnan, in thickets
and open forests. Lat. 25° 55’ N. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. Shrub
of 12-18 ft. In fruit. Aug. 1919.” G. Forrest. No. 18,400.
(Also No. 18,833, Nov. 1919.)

The following Henryan sheets in fruit are referable in my
opinion to the same species :—

“ Mengtze, S.E. mountain forests. 6000 ft. Tree of 15 ft.”
A. Henry. No. 10,764. .

“ South of Red River, Yunnan. Tree of 40 ft.’’ A. Henry.
No. 13,662.

“Mengtze, Yunnan. Shrub of to ft.” A. Henry. No.
13,6624.

Styrax Buchananii, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.
? S. serrulatus, Roxb., var. latifolius, Perk. in Engl. Pflanz.,
Styracaceae (1907), 37.
pecies affinis S. serrudato, Roxb. a quo foliis multo latioribus,
calyce densissime piloso, antheris parte libera filaméntorum
duplo longioribus inter alia discriminatur
bor parva; rami subteretes, jnniores densissime incano-
vel fulvo-stellato-tomentosi, seniores glabrescentes. Folia
petiolo 3-4 mm. longo tomentoso munita; lamina 6-16 cm.
longa, 4-11 cm. lata, vulgo late oblonga, apice ambitu subrotun-
data nunc breviter acuminata nunc obtusissima, basi rotundata,
margine minute et irregulariter denticulata, papyracea, supra

SMITH—NOTES ON CERTAIN ASIATIC STYRACACEAE. 235

ad costam nervosque densiuscule fulvo-stellato-pilosa ceterum
sparsissime, infra paulo densius quam supra induta, nervis 5—6-
jugis utrinque in sicco conspicuis. Inflorescentiae axillares et
terminales, racemosae, 3-I0 cm. longae, 3-20-florae; rhachis
dense et molliter incano-tomentosa; bracteae circ. 3 mm.
longae, lineares ; pedicelli circ. 5 mm. longi incano-tomentosi ;
flores albi circ. 1.5 cm. longi. Calyx late cupuliformis, circ.
5 mm. longus, ore 5 mm. latus, densissime fulvo-tomentosus,
margine truncatus dentibus 5 minutis. Corolla 5-partita, tubo
3 mm. longo, lobis in aestivatione valvatis circ. 13 mm. longis
ad 4 mm. latis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis
extra minute tomentosis. Stamina Io, filamentis parte libera
3 mm. longis undique longiuscule stellato-pilosis, antheris 6 mm.
longis pilis stellatis conspersis. Ovarium longe albo-pilosum
stylo ad duas partes inferiores piloso supra glabro. Fructus
deest.

‘“ Upper Burma :—Myitkyina in Mara Nantan forest, Kauk-
kwe Valley. Alt. 2000 ft. March 1912. age tree. Flowers
sweet-scented.”” E.M. Buchanan. No. Type.

“ Myitkyina = eee Alt. 2500 ft. ie 1909.” E. M.
Buchanan. No.

““ Bhamo District, road to Sinlumkaba. Alt. 4000 ft. 5th
April1g1g. Small tree.’’ Lace. No. 5737.

This species is in all probability identical with Griffith’s
No. 3670 in Herb. Kew., collected in the Ruby Mines District
of Burma. To this imperfect specimen Miss Perkins gave the
varietal name of /atifolius and attached it to S. serrulatus, Roxb.
with the note :—‘ Verisimiliter species nova; materia vero
nimis incompleta de hac re disceptare non possumus.’’ There
is a S. latifolius, Pohl from Brazil.

Styrax grandiflorus, Griff.

S. touchanensis, Lévl.

“ Tou-chan, Yunnan. April 1go2.’’ E. Bodinier.

“Flanks of the Mingkwong Valley, Yunnan, in thickets.
Lat, 25-4 5 N. Alt. 7000 feet. Tree of 30-40 ft. In fruit.
June 1912.”’ G. Forrest. No. 8042.

‘ Shweli Valley, Yunnan, in opensituations. Lat. 25° 30’ N.
Alt. 6000 ft. Shrub of ro ft. Flowers creamy-white, fragrant.
Anther orange. May 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,945.

‘‘ Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open situations on the
margins of mixed thickets. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 7000 ft. Shrub
of 20 ft. Flowers creamy-white. June rg1g.” G. Forrest.
No. 17,899.

The same in fruit. Sept.1919. No. 18,455.

Not previously recorded from China.

236 SMITH—NOTES ON CERTAIN ASIATIC STYRACACEAE.

Styrax shweliensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. hypoglauco, Perk. a quo foliis minoribus
breviter acuminatis crebre et minute denticulatis supra pilosulis
infra cinereo-tomentosis, inflorescentiis paucifloris, calycis tubo
multo majore ferrugineo-tomentoso dentibus minutis irregulari-
bus differt ; haud procul a S. Perkinsiae, Rehder a quo foliis
crebre serratulis, pedicellis calycibusque ferrugineis primo intuitu
distinguitur ; a S. langkongensi, W. W. Sm. foliis ovalibus vel
ellipticis infra tenuiter cinereo-tomentosis inter alia recedit.

Frutex 2—3 m. altus; rami subteretes, hornotini dense cinereo-
vel subferrugineo-tomentosi, annotini glabrescentes et decorti-
cantes. Folia petiolo 4-5 mm. longo dense stellato-tomentosa
praedita ; lamina vulgo 5-6 cm. longa, 3~-3.5 cm. lata, ovalis
vel late elliptica, apice breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel
subrotundata, margine crebre et minute denticulata, papyracea,
supra pilis furcatis praesertim ad costam bene conspersa, infra
indumento tenui stellato cinereo induta nervis lateralibus 4-5.
Inflorescentiae pauciflorae, 1-3-florae, axillares et terminales ;
flores circ. 2 cm. longi, albi, pedicello 7-9 mm. longo dense
ferrugineo-tomentoso muniti. Calyx cupuliformis circ. 5 mm.
longus, nunc ore truncatus dentibus minutis, nunc irregulariter
dentatus, dense ferrugineo-stellato-tomentosus. Corolla 5- aed
tita, tubo 3 mm. longo, lobis in aestivatione imbricatis, 13 m
longis, 5-6 mm. latis ovato-lanceolatis vel subobovatis, eas:
culis, extra molliter flavescenti-stellato-t Stamina
10, filamentis parte libera complanatis circ. 6 mm. longis albo-
pilosis ; antherae circ. 4 mm. longae pilis stellatis parce munitae.
Ovarium dense albido-tomentosum stylo circ. 13 mm. longo
fere ad apicem pilosulo. Fructus ovoideus, 12-18 mm. longus,
ad 1 cm. latus, breviter mucronatus, calyce persistente inclusus,
tomentosus.

“West China :—Tengyueh-Shweli divide, Yunnan, in open
situations amongst scrub. Lat.25°N. Alt. z7oooft. Shrub of
6-9 ft. Flowers dull creamy-white. May 1913.’ G. Forrest.
No. 9869

“ Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open thickets. Lat.
26° 10' N. Alt. 8000-9000 ft. Shrub of ro—12 ft. In fruit,
July 1919.” G. Forrest. No. 18,240.

Species of Styrax in Herb. Léveillé.

BY
WILLIAM: WRIGHT SMITH, M.A.

THE following uotes are in the nature of a supplement to the
preceding paper on the Asiatic Styracaceae. They give the
results of a survey of the species of Styrax described or recorded
from China by the late Monseigneur Léveillé. The meagreness
of the material on which Léveillé founded many of his species
and the correspondingly inadequate descriptions render it
difficult for any hi tanist to appraise the validity or sometimes
even to recognise the affinity of the species concerned. The
possession of tiie types makes a review of his species possible,
but many of these must still be classed among the “‘ imperfectly
known.” Of his species of Styrax there are one or two which
I can neither relegate to a previously known species nor confirm
the validity of. In his floras of Kweichow and of Yunnan
Léveillé has recorded various species of Styrax. In so far as
these are represented in his collection I have given an opinion
.as to the correctness or otherwise of the record. One species I
have failed to trace—Styrax Esquirolii, Lévl. in Fedde, Repert.,
ix (1911), 446. It is not in his herbarium. In his Flore du
Kouy-Tchéou this species is omitted from the key and from
the list of his species of Styrax, perhaps by accident or possibly
by design. The double omission suggests that the specimen
may have been lost—it is No. 22 Esquirol, one of that collector’s
earliest specimens—or the validity of the species perhaps became
a matter of doubt to the author. If Esquirol’s number is not
in any other herbarium the species is fated to remain a dubious
quantity.

The following is the list of the named species of Styrax in
Léveillé’s herbarium. I have appended my comments on each
species. I have failed to come to any definite decision regarding
S. Argyi, Lévl. and S. Cavalerie?, Lévl.

1. §. Argyi, Lévl. in Fedde, Repert., xi (1912), 64. Type.
Province of Kiangsu. Coll. d’Argy

There are no details of locality or date. Material consists

of twigs with fruits and of twigs with flowers in bud only.
(Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No, LIX, May 1920.]

238 SMITH—SPECIES OF STYRAX IN HERB. LEVEILLE.

Probably a form of S. Faberi, Perk., but the specimens are
too incomplete to warrant a decision.

2. S. Bodinieri, Lévl. in Fedde, Repert., iv (1907), 332. Type.
Province of Kweichow. ‘‘ Environs de Kouy-Yang, mont
du Collége ; grande arbuste a fleurs blanches odorantes ;
fin avril 1898. No, 2221. Emile Bodinier.”’

This is S. mabowrees Sieb. et Zucc. The stamens are not
glabrous.

3. S. Cavaleriei, Lévl. in Fedde, Repert., iv (1907), 331. Type.
Province of Kweichow. ‘“ Long-ly, 7 mal 1903"; ~ il.
blanches. No. 997. Jul. Cavalerie.”’

This is closely allied to S. grandiflorus, Griff., differing in the
more glabrous pedicels and more deeply cut calyx. It may be
only a form of that species, but without more material than the
one twig available I can only leave the point undecided.

4. §. hypoglaucus, Perk. Recorded for Province of Kweichow
in Léveillé’s Flore du Kouy-Tchéou, p. 407. ‘“‘ Environs
de Kouy-Yang, mont du Collége ; arbuste ; fleurs blanches,
odorantes ; fin avril 1898. Emile Bodinier. No. 2222.”

This is not S. hypoglaucus, Perk. It belongs to the section

Valvatae, closely allied to S. dasyanthus, Perk. and probably

only a form of it.

5. S. japonicus, Sieb. et Zucc. Korea: ‘‘ Quelpaert, Taquet,
Nos. 1109, 3033, 3034 + U. Faurie, Nos. 725, 726, 727, 729,
1876.”" Kweichow :—“ Pinfa, bois, petit arbre; aott
1908. J. Cavalerie. No. 3310.

These are all referable to the species.

6. S. Leveillei, Fedde ex Lévl., Flore du Kouy-Tchéou
(1915), 407.

S. Cavaleriei, Lévl. in Fedde, Repert., ix cae 447, nec
S. Cavaleriei, Lévl. in Fedde, Repert., iv (1907),

In describing this plant Léveillé overlooked she a that he
had given the name of S. Cavaleriei to an entirely different plant
four years before. As it happens his type plant is Pterostyrax
hispidus, Sieb. et Zucc. Therefore all that is necessary is to
transfer Léveillé’s original name for this plant and Fedde’s
emendation to the synonymy of Pt. hispidus.

7. S. Obassia, Sieb. et Zucc. ‘‘ Korea :—Quelpaert. Taquet,
Nos. 1108, 3035, 3036; U. Faurie, Nos. 728, 1875.”
This is the species,

SMITH—SPECIES OF STYRAX IN HERB. LEVEILLE. 239

8. S. odoratissimus, Champ. ‘‘ Hong-kong. Bel arbuste,
souvent d’assez grande taille, a belles fleurs blanches ; ¢a
et la dans la mont.; spécial a Vile. 3 avril 1899. Emile
Bodinier. No. r1099.”’

This is the species.

. S. prunifolius, Perk. Yunnan :—‘ Nord; petit arbre—
feuilles caduques, fl. blanches pendantes; foréts de
montagnes a Ku-long-tchang ; alt. 800 m._ E. E. Maire.”

“Nord; arbre moyen—feuilles caduques, fleurs decombantes
—hblanches; foréts des collines 4 Long-ky; alt. 750 m.
E. E. Maire.”

“ Kweichow :—Gan chouen; mai ig12. J. Cavalerie. No.

3319."

“* Kien-lin-chang, mai1go4. J. Esquirol. No. 21.

Recorded by Léveillé for Yunnan and Kweichow.

All are referable to S. japonicus, Sieb. et Zucc. S. pruni-
folius, Perk. is a synonym of S. odoratissimus, Champ. according
to Perkins, Styracaceae, p. 69.

10. §. suberifolius, Hook.et Arn. “ Hong-kong ; grand arbuste
mun dans les bois, la Seek Aiea au sud de la
Chine. Emile Bodinier. No.

This is the species.

11. S. touchanensis, Lévl. in Fedde, Repert., xi (1912), 64.

Province of Kweichow. ‘‘ Tou-chan, avril 1902.

E. Bodinier.”” ‘‘ Différe du Bodinieri par calice velu et par
calice et pedicelles blanchatres.”

This is S. grandiflorus, Griff.

A New Erlangea.

BY
SrENCER LE M. MOORE, - Bisc. “B-L.5.

Erlangea (§ Bothriocline) venustula, sp. nov. MHerba erecta,
caule subsimplici subtereti folioso sericeo-tomentoso ; /oltis
inferioribus oppositis superioribus alternis brevipetiolatis (summis
subsessilibus) ellipticis vel elliptico-oblongis obtusis basi angus-
tatis integris membranaceis supra pilis glandulosis perpaucis sim-
plicibus intermixtis puberulis subtus albo-sericeo-tomentosis ;
capitulis parvis campanulatis fere 50-flosculosis in cymam ter- _
minalem pluricephalam sparsim bracteatam sericeo-tomentosam
ordinatis ; pedunculis propriis involucro plerumque longioribus ;
involucri phyllis 3-serialibus lanceolato-oblongis obtusis interior-
ibus saepe pallide roseo-marginatis extus pubescentibus ; flosculis
exsertis ; achaeniis oblongo-obovoideis apice truncatis pauci-
costatis puberulis ; pappi setis perpaucis ciliolatis.

British East Africa ; cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden,
Edinburgh, from seeds collected in 1916 north of Nairobi by
Rev. Andrew Urquhart ; alt. about 6000 ft. ; fl. in cult. March—
May 1920.

Folia 3—4.5 cm. long., 1.5-2.5 cm. lat., summa gradatim
usque I-2 cm. long. imminuta, supra in sicco laete virentia ;
petioli plerique 3-5 mm. long. Cyma 5x5 cm. Bracteae
lineares, 3-5 mm. lee Pedunculi proprii + 7 mm. long.
Involucra 5x5 mm.; phylla extima 2 mm.; intermedia 3-4
mm.; intima 5 mm. long. Corollae puberulae, violaceo-pur-
pureae ; tubus cylindricus, 3 mm. long. ; lobi lineari-oblongi,
acuti, tubo circa aequilongi. Androecium superne exsertum.
Styli rami ex involucro eminentes, 2 mm. long. Achaenia
humectata 1 mm. long. Pappi setae verisimiliter 4 vel 5,
circa 1.5 mm. long., maxime caducae.

Except for the opposite leaves on the lower part of the stem
this looks much like E. marginata, S. Moore, which, however,
has a less hairy involucre with the scales running out into a
sharp point. The involucres are more like those of E. cordifolia,
S. Moore, but the leaves of this are unlike. Both these species
belong to § Platylepis.

In its quite entire leaves this differs from all other described
species referred to § Bothriocline.

[Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LIX, May 1920,]

Printed under the aeaicagy of His Majesty’s — Office
B L & Co., Ltp., Edinburg’

The Occurrence of Tracheides in the Nucellus
of Steriphoma cleomoides, Spreng.

BY
MATTHEW YOUNG ORR,
Assistant in Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

With Plate CLXVI.

THE occurrence of tracheidal elements in the sporogenous tissue
of ovules has been recorded, up to the present time, in only three
genera, belonging to families possessing no close phylogenetic
relationship.

They were first described by Treub* as occurring in the
nucellus of Casuarina glauca, Sieb., and Casuarina Rumphana,
Miq. As figured in his paper, they are elongated, narrow,
pointed cells, and their production in the sporogenous tissue
suggested to him an analogy with the formation of elaters
in the Hepaticae. Their function he regarded as a matter
for speculation.

Miss Benson,7 in her investigations on the embryology of the
Amentiferae, recorded the occurrence of small tracheides around
the antipodal end of the embryo sac of Castanea vulgaris, Lam.
She suggested that these elements were vestigial in character and
that they represented some former organ—“‘ possibly a vascular
strand connecting the chalaza with the sporogenous tissue.”

The third instance is recorded by Frye f{ in his work on the
Asclepiadaceae. In his examination of the ovule of Asclepias
cornuta, Dec., he noted the presence of a tracheid near the base
of the embryo sac, and slightly projecting into it. This author
favours Miss Benson’s suggestion as to the origin of these
tracheides, but is unable to reconcile their occurrence in a
specialised family like the Asclepiadaceae with their supposed
primitive character.

While examining sections of the ovaries of certain Cappari-
daceae, the author of this note observed the occurrence of
elongated elements, with well-defined annular thickening on

* M. Treub in Ann. du Jard. Bot. de Buitenzorg, x (1891), p. 170.
+ M. Benson in Trans. Linn. Soc., iii (1894), pp. 412, 421.
" - ms Frye in Botanical Gazette, xxxiv (1902), p. 402.
(Motes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LX, January 1927-] | A

Wt. By oon cares —N. & CO., ie

242 ORR—TRACHEIDES IN STERIPHOMA CLEOMOIDES.

their walls, in the nucellus of many of the ovules of Steviphoma
cleomoides. They were particularly obvious in sections stained
with gentian-violet.

They occur singly, and in groups of two or three together,
abutting on the mature embryo sac, and extending from its

organic base over the whole length of the sac in the direction
of the micropyle.

Their form and structure suggest that they are tracheidal
in nature, although the production of tracheides in sporogenous
tissue is of such rare occurrence. They are completely isolated
from the vascular strand traversing the funicle, and there is no
evidence of any connection with the chalaza.

As more mature ovaries of Steviphoma were unobtainable at
the time, the ultimate fate of these elements could not be traced,
and an examination of the ovules of some of the allied genera
failed to disclose the presence of similar structures.

No satisfactory explanation can be found to account for the
production of these tracheides in the nucellus of Steriphoma,
and, at present, it is not possible to say whether they play a
definite part in the economy of the ovule, or are merely survivals
of a primitive feature traceable to the vascular sporangia of a
long-extinct ancestor. In either case, their non-occurrence
in the nucellar tissue of the ovules of allied genera is peculiar,
although their limitation to one genus of a family is in accordance
with the findings of other authors.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXVI.
Illustrating Mr. M. Y. Orr’s paper on Steriphoma.

Ovule of Steriphoma cleomoides in longitudinal section. m., micropyle ;
s., embryo sac ; ¢y., tracheid.

PLATE CLXVI.

Notes, R.B.G., Epin.

The Structure of the Gyaise Integuments and
the Development: of the Testa in
Cleome and Isomeris.

BY «

MATTHEW YOUNG ORR,
Assistant in Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

With Plate CLXVII and four figures in the text.

In the course of an investigation on the anatomy of the ovules
and seeds of the Capparidaceae, certain interesting features *
were disclosed in the Cleomoideae section of the family, which
may or may not be characteristic of the family as a whole,
but which certainly appear to be sufficiently distinctive to merit
a separate detailed description.

The species upon which this research was carried out were
Cleome spinosa, Jacq., and Isomeris arborea, Nutt., and the
material was obtained from living plants grown in the Royal
Botanic Garden. The ovaries and fruits were fixed in chrom-
acetic acid, and the microtomed sections were variously
stained, the best results being secured with a combination of
gentian-violet and eosin.

The general features of the campylotropous ovules and seeds
of these species are so well known that they will only be referred
to in passing, the main purpose of this paper being to direct
attention to two of the outstanding anatomical features, namely,
the genesis of the fibrous testa, and the occurrence of stomata in
the outer integument of the ovule. In these points Cleome and
Isomeris have so much in common that the detailed description
will be confined to the former, and merely a brief note of the
points of difference will be made in the case of [someris. Apart
from the anatomical peculiarities, it will be observed that the
physiological aspect of the structures described is also suggestive.

* The features described in this paper were not noted by Brandza in his
dissertation, “‘ Développement des Téguments de la Graine” (Rev. gén. bot., iii,
1891, p.' 73), or by Guignard in his researches on the “ Tégument séminal ”
(Journ. de bot., vii, 1893, p. 57): Both these authors included the Capeeriaarcee
in their works

[Notes, R.B.G., Edin, No. LX, January 1921.]

244 ORR—THE OVULAR INTEGUMENTS AND TESTA

Cleome spinosa, Jacq.

The ovules of Cleome possess two integuments which originate
from the base of the ovule in the usual way. At maturity,
the outer integument consists of two layers of cells, while the
inner integument is composed of one outer layer of comparatively
large thin-walled cells with sparse protoplasmic contents, and
three layers of small cells on its inner side. The outer layer,
with its large clear cells, has the appearance of aqueous tissue,

Fic. 1.—Micropylar region of the ovule of Cleome spinosa, showing at A the
initiation of the lignified tissue. x 350

and no doubt does function at this stage as a distributer
of water.

An examination of longitudinal sections of the young ovule
revealed, further, the presence of conspicuous patches of re-
latively large thick-walled elements, characterised by spiral and
reticulate thickening of the cell walls. These lignified elements
were confined entirely to the tissue of the inner integument in
the region of the micropyle (fig. 1). In the older ovules, these
thick-walled cells extend from the outer margin of the in-
tegument inwards to the micropyle, abutting directly on the
slit, and giving to the ovule a somewhat unusual appearance
(fig. 2). Sections cut transversely through this region, at this
stage, show that these lignified cells are disposed in the form of
a broad ring completely encircling the micropylar pore. These

In CLEOME AND IsoMERIS. 245

cells retain their living contents even after lignification of the
cell membrane is completed.

In the mature ovule this tissue extends upwards to a point just
above the apex of the nucellus, where it merges, somewhat
abruptly, into the enveloping layer of aqueous cells. For a

Fic. 2.—A later stage in the development of the lignified tissue in the inner
integument of the ovule of Cleome spinosa.

time there is apparently no change in the amount of lignified
tissue produced, but the ovule itself increases considerably
in bulk.

What particular function these elements serve at this period
in the development of the ovule is a matter for speculation. The
presence of this specialised tissue round the micropyle certainly
ensures that the pore will be preserved, but at the same time
this pronounced metamorphosis of the apical cone of the inner

246 ORR—THE OVvULAR INTEGUMENTS AND TESTA

integument, at a relatively early stage in the development of the
ovule, seems to imply a more definite purpose. |
At a later stage the thick-walled tissue extends upwards in
the inner integument, the large cells of the aqueous tissue be-
coming thick-walled and fibrous in character, this change in
configuration extending gradually backwards to the base of the
integument, until ultimately a compact fibrous testa is formed
which completely envelops the seed. The fibres composing the
testa are long, narrow, pitted elements, differing markedly from
those of Capparis, which are extremely irregular in shape.
The original thick-walled tissue developed in the region of the
micropyle has now become sclerotic in character, but, as is also
the case with the fibres of the rest of the testa, the protoplasmic

I 2
FIG. 3. mye: from the outer integument of the ovule of Cleome spinosa,
n (1) surface view, and (2) section. x about 50

contents are still visible, and it is difficult to say definitely at
what stage they disappear.

In the seed the function of this fibrous envelope is obviously
that of protecting the embryo and preventing desiccation ;
but its genesis in the organic apex of the inner integument in
the immature ovule, its interrupted development, and the
retention of the living contents by the thick-walled cells round
the micropyle all seem to predicate another function at the time
ot its inception.

In the mature ovule, as already indicated, the outer integu-
ment is double-layered, except at the micropyle, and in the
outermost layer stomata occur. These stomata are compara-
tively numerous, and are identical with the similar organs in
the leaf of Cleome. Where a stoma occurs, the two layers of
the integument are separated, and an intercellular space is
formed into which the stomatal pore opens, thus bringing the
underlying tissue into direct communication with the ovarian
cavity.

IN. CLEOME AND IsOMERIS. 247

It may be noted in passing that stomata are also present in
the inner ovarian wall in relatively large numbers.

The occurrence of stomata in ovules has been recorded by
various authors—by Schleiden* in Canna, by Czech f in
Tulipa Gesneriana, and by Guérin { in Dipterocarpus, among
others, but the physiological significance of their location in the
ovule is not referred to.

If the outer integument be removed from living material and
appropriately stained, the presence of conspicuous starch-grains
in the guard-cells of the stomata, and in the cells of the underlying
layer, can be clearly demonstrated. This fact is suggestive of the
possibility of photosynthetic processes being carried out in the

Fic. 4.—Stoma from the outer integument of ie ovule of Isomeris
arborea, in surface view. Xabout 500.

ovule, though the quality of the light which filters through the
ovarian wall must be appreciably diminished.

In the seed the outer integument becomes tubercled, the
stomata then being found mainly on the multicellular excres-
cences. Starch-grains were again discernible in the guard-cells
and in the cells of the hypodermal layer of immature seeds.

Isomeris arborea, Nutt.

The outer integument of the ovule of Isomeris is double-
layered, as in that of Cleome, but the inner integument is many-
layered, the aqueous tissue being two to three cells broad, while
on its inner side there are four or five layers of smaller cells.

The fibrous layers have their origin in the same region as in

* M. J. Schleiden, Beitr. zur Botan. ogee Pa 10,

; ai Czech in Bot. Zeitg., xxiii (1865), p
P. Guérin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., lviii pity .. 22,

248 ORR—THE OVULAR INTEGUMENTS IN CLEOME, ETC.

Cleome, but their subsequent development is more continuous,
and, as might be expected from the greater size of the seed, the
amount of fibrous tissue present is relatively increased. The
fibres are larger in every way than in the preceding species,
and they retain their protoplasmic contents even in the fully
developed seed.

Stomata are present in the outer integument and are still
evident in the seed condition, but the excrescences typical of the
seed of Cleome are, of course, absent from the seed-coat of
Isomeris. The inner walls of the ovary and fruit also possess
numerous stomata, contrary to the statement of Briquet,* who,
describing the inner fruit-wall of Isomeris, writes: “‘ Il n’y a pas
de stomates.”’

A further investigation of the ovular structure in other
genera of the Capparidaceae may show that the features which
characterise the ovules of Cleome and Isomeris are not confined
to these genera alone. At the time, it was not possible to obtain
suitable material for research, and this hypothesis still awaits
confirmation.

* J. Briquet in Engl. Jahrb., 1, Suppl. (1914), p. 440.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXVII.
Illustrating Mr. M. Y. Orr’s paper on Cleome and Isomeris.

Photograph of a longitudinal section of the ovule of Cleome spinosa, a, the
aqueous layer in the inner integument; 6, the lignified tissue round the
micropyle.

PLATE CLXVII.

Nores, R.B.G., EDIN.

The Occurrence of a Tracheal Tissue enveloping
the Embryo in certain Capparidaceae.

MATTHEW YOUNG ORR,
Assistant in Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

With four figures in the text.

THE ovules and seeds of the Capparidaceae have certain
peculiarities of structure which, so far as is known, are not
possessed by those families to which it approximates in systematic
position, and one of the most striking is the presence in the seed,
in some of the genera at least, of a highly specialised cellular
tissue surrounding the embryo.

In ripe seeds this tissue is to be found adpressed to the inner
wall of the testa, to the internal configuration of which it closely
conforms, but from which it can be easily detached by careful
dissection. On its inner side it is in close contact with the
embryo, which it completely envelops.

In longitudinal sections of the seed this envelope or sheath
has the appearance of an additional internal seed-coat,* and in
some cases its intimate relationship to the included embryo is
further emphasised by an infolding of the tissue between the
radicle and the cotyledons.

When perfectly dry the whole envelope has an opaque,
silvery appearance and can be easily distinguished from the dark-
coloured testa, but when moistened it visibly expands and be-
comes transparent. Microscopic examination of this pellicle
shows that it is composed of one or more layers of cells, which
are differentiated in a remarkable way. The extent of this
modification and the particular form it has taken. vary in
different genera, but its main features are more or less constant
for each genus. The various types of envelopes will be described
individually, but the distinctive features of this tissue and its
possible function may be briefly referred to at this point.

In the seeds of the species examined, the layer, or layers,
referred to above are composed of cells without protoplasmic
contents, the walls of which elements are strengthened in various
_ * This third seed-coat is referred to by Baillon (Nat. Hist. of Plants, vol. iii,
1874, p. 152, note 1).

[Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LX, January 1921.]

250 ORR—TRACHEAL TISSUE IN CAPPARIDACEAE.

ways, giving to the tissue a distinctive appearance when viewed
under the microscope. This thickening is in the form of annular
and spiral bands or reticulations, which in some cases are found
on the surface walls of the cells, and in others are confined to
the lateral walls.

Such elements as those referred to above possess the form and
structure of tracheides, indicating that the specialised layer
surrounding the embryo is tracheal in character.

Such tracheal tissues are not entirely unknown in the seeds
of living plants, for Beauregard * refers to a similar layer in his
description of the seed of Daphne, and their presence in the seeds
of certain other Thymelaeaceae was subsequently recorded by
Guérin.| This latter author compared this pellicle with its
tracheides to the tracheal sheath of the Cycadofilicales, but
regarded it as representing in the Thymelaeaceae the vestige
of a primitive structure

In the Capparidaceae, such a tissue, with its different types of
structure, suggesting separate lines of development within the
family, would appear to be not merely vestigial, but actively
functioning at some period in the growth of the seed.

Before the seed is liberated, the tracheal envelope is in close
association with the vascular strand of the funicle, and may
possibly function for a time at least as an accessory water-supply
system forthe embryo. On the other hand, its late development
seems rather to imply that it plays a more important part in the
economy of the seed at the time of germination. It is found
that the apex of the tracheal sheath projects slightly into the.
micropylar pore, and, in the presence of moisture, its absorptive
properties, already referred to, would ensure a supply of water
being conveyed to all parts of the embryo, and especially to the
radicle through the infolding of the envelope in that region.

It would appear, then, that in the seeds of the Capparidaceae
the enveloping sheath acts as a sponge, absorbing moisture
through the micropyle, and constituting a kind of “ water-

jacket ’’ surrounding the embryo

-- The investigation of the sheath characters of the different
genera was carried out mainly on seeds taken from herbarium
specimens, no other source of supply being available at the time,
and there are of necessity numerous gapsin thesequence. A full
list of the seeds examined will be found at the end of this paper, -
and when possible the actual specimen from which they were
obtained has been indicated. The nomenclature followed is that
contained in Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum.

* M. Beauregard in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., xxiv (1877), p. 385
t P. Guérin in C. R. Ac. Sc. Paris, clvi (1913), p. Kes atidin ‘Aidt, ee Bot.
Buitenzorg, ser. 2, xiv (1915), p. 1.

ORR—TRACHEAL TISSUE IN .CAPPARIDACEAE. 251

1. Cleomeae.

The three genera examined were .Cleome, Linn., Isomeris,
Nutt., and Polanisia, Rafin., and, as might be expected, their
natural affinities are further emphasised by the similarity of
structure found in the tracheal envelopes of their seeds, In the
species examined, the tracheides are parenchymatous cells with
delicate annular thickenings on their periclinal or surface walls,
a feature which, so far as can be ascertained, is peculiar to the
Cleomeae.

In many of the cells these fine bands of thickening are laid
down in two, or even three, distinct concentric zones; and in

Fic, 1.—A portion of the tracheal — of (1) —— oT Jacq.,
and (2) Jsomeris arborea, Nutt., in surfa

surface view this conformation gives to the sheath a character-
istic appearance.

the genera investigated, the tracheal envelopes of Cleome
and Polanisia are identical in the configuration and size of the
constituent elements, while Jsomeris differs mainly in its larger
tracheides. In some of the cells of the tracheal tissue of Jsomerts
protoplasmic contents were still visible, but this might possibly
have been a transient condition due to the immaturity of some
of the seeds examined.

The similarity of structure exhibited by the tracheal envelopes
of these three genera is of special interest in view of their natural
relationship and systematic position within the family. This

raises the question of the possible value of this seed character,
apart from its oe cecil as an accessory factor :
in natural classificatio

252 ORR—TRACHEAL “TISSUE IN CAPPARIDACEAE.

2. Cappareae.

Among the included genera of the Cappareae various types
of tracheal envelopes are represented, differing in detail from
one another, but all easily distinguishable from those of the genera
already described.in one definite feature. In Cleome and its
allies the thickened bands are found on the periclinal or surface
walls of the tracheides, and so are easily seen in surface view
under the microscope; but in Capparis and its associates it is
the anticlinal or lateral walls of the cells which are strengthened,
while the surface walls remain unthickened. Notwithstanding
the varieties of structure represented in the Cappareae, this
anatomical feature would appear to indicate definitely the limits
of each tribe, and to form a distinctive mark between them.

In the Cappareae this thickening of the anticlinal walls of
the tracheides takes the form of spirals or reticulations, which,
on account of their disposition, present an appearance in surface
view of irregular lobes or protuberances on the lateral walls.*
In many of the types this configuration is often the most char-
acteristic, for, owing to the extreme shallowness of the cells,
the fact that these lobes represent the end views of thickened
bands, which are continuous to the base of the cell, can only be
observed by careful focussing, or by means of sections. In
other cases, and particularly in some species of Capparis, the
depth of the tracheides is such that the slightest _ciaesa he is
sufficient to bring the lateral walls into surface view

In the figures illustrating the different types of envelopes,
the thickening of the anticlinal walls as it appears in surface
view has been indicated in each case, as this configuration
seems to be more or less typical of each genus examined, and is
expressive of the extent of the thickening over the surface of
the walls, which cannot always be seen from this point of view.

Under Capparis decidua, Pax, a diagrammatic representation
of an individual tracheid has been figured to illustrate the deeper
type of element with reticulate thickening on its lateral walls.
This deeper type of tracheid is best seen in Capparis, and the
lateral walls can be easily flattened out, thus enabling the
observer to determine the nature of the thickening. For this
reason the sheath characters of this genus will be described first.

Capparis, Linn.
Among the different species of Capparis examined, both the
deep and shallow types of tracheal elements are represented,

his descriptions of the structure of the seed-coat in certain species of the Gen-
tianaceae (Journ. de bot., xviii, 1904, pp. 37-52). .

ORR—TRACHEAL TISSUE IN CAPPARIDACEAE. 253

and the extent of the thickening of the tracheid walls is by
no means uniform. It is therefore possible to classify them
artificially for purposes of description on the basis of these
minute structural differences.

1. The tracheal envelopes of Capparis decidua, Pax (aphylla,
Roth), and Capparis spinosa, Linn., are composed of isodia-
metric cells with relatively deep anticlinal walls. In the case
of Capparis decidua the anticlinal walls are closely reticulated,
while in Capparis spinosa the thickening is more of a spiral
conformation. Owing to the depth of the tracheides these
anticlinal walls are easily seen in surface view, and the two
types are readily distinguishable.

I
Fic. 2.—(1) A portion of the tracheal envelope of Capparis decidua, Pax, in
surface view. (2) Diagrammatic drawing ofan isolated tracheid. x about 350.

In the remainder of the species the tracheal elements are
much shallower, and the nature of the thickening cannot be
so readily observed, nor does it appear to be uniform in the
cells of any one species. In the portions of the tracheal enve-
lopes which have been figured, the thickened lateral walls are
shown as if in section, which is the most characteristic appear-
ance presented by these sheaths in surface view. The irregular
configuration distinguishes them definitely from the two species
just described, and in some cases it more closely approximates
to the type of structure found in allied genera. This diversity
of sheath character within the limits of the genus is suggestive
of its composite character.

2. Of the species possessing shallow tracheides, Capparis
micracantha, DC., most closely resembles Capparis decidua.
The tracheides are approximately the same size in surface view,
but are of the shallow type, while the thickening is not so definite.
The spirals on the lateral walls are broad bands, but in some
elements they assume the form of a network. A somewhat

254 ORR—TRACHEAL TISSUE IN CAPPARIDACEAE.

similar type of cell is found in the tracheal envelope of Capparts
xanthophylia, Coll. et Hemsl., but in this species the lignification
of the anticlinal walls is much more pronounced, and it is difficult
to determine its features in surface view on account of the
shallowness of the tracheides.

In Capparis flavicans, Wall., the tracheides are larger than
those of the preceding species, and the lateral walls are so
strongly thickened that in surface view an impression is given
of a succession of unequal protuberances, projecting into the
cell cavity. This marked configuration has been indicated in
the figure below, but in actuality it represents the arrangement
of the thickening on the surface of the lateral walls.

I 2
Fic. 3.—A portion of the tracheal envelope of (1) Capparis micracantha, DC.,
and (2) Capparis flavicans, Wall., in surface view.

3. The structure of the envelope represented in Capparis
flexuosa, Blume, is almost identical with that of Apophylium
anomalum, F. Muell. Both are composed of the same shallow
type of tracheid with delicate spiral bands of the “ spinosa ”’
type on the lateral walls.

Apophyllum, F. Muell.

In this somewhat anomalous genus, represented by one
species, the structure of the envelope surrounding the embryo
closely resembles that found in Capparis flexuosa, referred to
above. The lateral walls of the shallow tracheides are streng-
thened by fine spiral bands, and the whole sheath is mainly
distinguishable from that of its Capparis prototype by the
more rounded outline of the constituent elements. In general
configuration it also approximates to the envelope of Maerua,
from. which it differs, however, in havi ing only one layer of
tracheides.

ORR—TRACHEAL TISSUE IN CAPPARIDACEAE. 255

Maerua, Forsk., and Niebuhria, DC.

Between these two genera there is practically no distinction
in the structure of the envelope. There are two superimposed
layers of tracheides, deeper than those of the preceding species,
and possessing bands of thickening somewhat similar to those
found in Capparis spinosa, but not so clearly visible in surface
view.

I 2
Fic. 4.—A portion of the tracheal envelope of {1) Apophyllum anomalum,
F. Muell., and (2) Maerua parvifolia, Pax, in surface view.

Crataeva, Linn., and Euadenia, Oliv.

These two genera are closely related, and in the characters
of the tracheal tissue surrounding the embryo there is no dis-
tinction between them. In surface view the tracheal elements
appear much larger in area than those described for other genera,
but they are extremely shallow, and the irregular configuration
of the lateral walls, which is such a distinctive feature in many
types, is entirely absent. There is practically no indication of
thickening on the walls when the sheath is examined in surface
view, and it is only by means of pressure applied to the cover-
glass, and careful focussing, that the fine annular bands are
brought into view.

The presence of a well-defined layer of cells with thickened
walls of a cellulose nature, underlying the tracheal tissue, is a
characteristic feature of the enveloping sheath of these genera.
This layer is evidently a store of reserve-cellulose destined for
the use of the embryo.

It will be evident from the descriptions and figures of the
tracheal envelopes found in the genera included under Cappareae
that there is a considerable variation in the extent and arrange-
ment of the thickening on the walls of the tracheides. This is

256 ORR—TRACHEAL TISSUE IN CAPPARIDACEAE,

mainly a difference in degree, the varieties of configuration
seen in the tissues in surface view being brought about by the
varying depths of the tracheides, which accounts to a certain
extent for the considerable lack of uniformity among the species
of Capparis,

In minor details of structure the differences exhibited by
the tracheal tissues are more often of the nature of generic
distinctions. For example, in Maerua (sensu Pax) * the double
layer of tracheides is distinctive, and has no parallel among the
other types examined.

One feature is common to all the species investigated,
definitely separating the Cappareae from the Cleomeae, and
that is the localisation of the thickening on the anticlinal walls
of the tracheides. In the Capparidaceae as a whole, the number
of species examined is too small to admit of more than a passing
reference to the speculative value of the sheath characters as
an aid to classification. So far as can be ascertained, it does
form a tribal distinction, and among natural allies it has every
appearance of an additional link of some systematic import.

Apart from the phylogenetic aspect, the presence of the
tracheal envelope in the seeds of the Capparidaceae is of much
greater interest from a physiological point of view. Its structural
features and position in the seed imply a relationship between
this tissue and the included embryo which is not historical,
but definitely functional, and apparently connected with the
supply of moisture during germination. It is not confined to
xerophylous species alone, although it reaches a high state of
development in the seeds of such types.

It is possible that further researches may lead to a dis-
covery of the existence of similar tracheal tissues in the seeds of
other families besides the Thymelaeaceae and Capparidaceae.

In conclusion, I desire to express my indebtedness to Prof.
W. G. Craib, for his valuable advice and criticism.

LIST OF SPECIES EXAMINED.

Cleome spinosa, Jacq. Cult. Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edin.

» lutea, Hook. Idaho, cag ae No. 226.

» platycarpa, Torr. Californ a, Heller, No. 80f0.

» Stockstana, Boiss. Baluchistan (1889), Lace.

» gigantea, Linn. University Botanic Garden,

Copenhagen.
Polanisia eee DC. N.W. Himal., Lace, No. 1188.
onit, DC. Siam, Khoon Winit, No. 458.

Isomeris Pia Nutt. Cult. Roy. Bot. Gdn.,

* Pax in Engler u. Prantl, Pfizfam., iii, 2 (1891), p. 234.

ORR—TRACHEAL TISSUE IN CAPPARIDACEAE. 257

Capparis spinosa, Linn. Baluchistan (1888), Lace.
3 cidua, Pax (aphylla, Baluchistan (1887), Lace.
sone
» _fravic Burma, Lace, No. 4879.
¥ santhphla, "Coll et Burma (1909), Lace.
Hem
icra DC. S. Siam, Mrs D. J. Collins,
No. 7.
flexuosa, Blume. Cult. Roy. Bot. Gdn., en
Maerua parvifolia, Pax S. Africa, piece No. 2
Niebuhria siamensis, Kurz. S. siam, Mrs D. J: Collins,
No. 4.
A pophyllum anomalum, F. Muell. Australia.
Crataeva religiosa, Forst. Sikkim.
Oe ophospermum, Kurz. Burma, Lace, No. 5354.
Euadenia eminens, Hook. f. Cult. Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edin.

Since this paper was written, the author has had an oppor-
tunity of examining ripe seeds of species belonging to three
additional genera of the Capparidaceae, viz. Dactylaena mic-
vantha, Schrad., Gynandropsis pentaphylla, DC., and Steriphoma
cleomoides, Spreng., the seeds of which were obtained from the
University Botanic Garden, Copenhagen.

The tracheal envelopes of the species of Dactylaena and
Gynandropsis are well defined, and have the characteristic
structural features possessed by Cleome and Polanisia. Since
these four genera belong to the Cleomeae section of the family,
this similarity of:structure serves to confirm the conclusion
arrived at in the paper, namely, that the configuration of the
tracheal envelope is a distinctive feature separating the Cleomeae
from the Cappareae.

In the seed of Steriphoma cleomoides the sheath is of the
shallow type, with delicate annular markings on the anticlinal
walls of the tracheides. It most closely resembles that of
Maerua, but consists of only one layer of tracheal elements.
This apparent affinity corresponds with the position assigned
to the genus in Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum.

Intumescences on the Leaves of Marlea
begoniifolia, Roxb.

LAST summer my attention was drawn to the peculiar appearance
presented by the leaves of a plant of Marlea begoniifolia growing
under glass in the Royal Botanic Garden. On closer examina-
tion it was seen that the under surfaces of the leaves were studded
with minute outgrowths, the largest barely exceeding I mm. in
height. They varied in colour from the yellowish-green of the
smaller swellings to the dark brown of the larger protuberances.
They were absent from the upper surface, and were not observed
on the other vegetative organs of the plant.

Microscopic examination of these structures showed that each
had its origin immediately below a stoma. Division of the
underlying cells of the mesophyll, accompanied by longitudinal
division of the epidermal cells around the stoma, resulted in the
formation of a hemispherical swelling, composed of thin-walled
cells with vacuolated protoplasm and prominent nuclei, and
enclosed by the extended epidermis, the stoma now being
situated at the apex of the outgrowth, and completely occluded
by the underlying compact tissue derived from the repeated
division of the mesophyll elements. It is worth noting that
although stomata are also present in the upper epidermis of the
leaf, yet there was no hypertrophy of the tissues on that surface.

As the outgrowths increase in size they become lobed or
branched, while the included elements are much elongated, with
sparse protoplasmic contents and large vacuoles. At this stage
the encompassing epidermal layer appears to have become
disorganised, and the outline of each malformation is extremely
irregular. Ultimately the outgrowths wither and die.

Intumescences resembling those found on Marlea have been
recorded by Tomaschek * as occurring on Ampelopsis hederacea,
while similar outgrowths in various plants have been described
by Frank + and Sorauer.t More recently Miss Dale § has in-
vestigated very fully the nature and cause of the intumescences
on Hibiscus vitifolius, and her conclusions as to the conditions
favouring the production of the malformations suggest that the
abnormal structures on the leaves of Marlea owe their origin to
similar environmental conditions. A moist atmosphere, pro-
vided there is a sufficient temperature, seems to create a patho-
logical condition inducing the formation of these outgrowths in
Mariea as in Hibiscus ; but, so far as is known, there has been
no previous record of their occurrence in the former genus.

M. Y

* A, Tomaschek in Oester. Bot. Zeitschrift, xxix (1879), p. 87.
; A. B. Frank, Krankheiten der Pflanzen, iii (1896), Pp. ae
t P. Sorauer in Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell., xvii (1899), p. 4
§ E. Dale in Proc. ¢ . Phil. Soc., x( 1899), p. 192, ae in Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soc., Ser. B, cxciv ¥ (908), A 163.
[Notes, RBG. ., Edin., No. January 1021.1]

Observations on the Structure of the Seed in
the Capparidaceae and Resedaceae.
BY
MATTHEW YOUNG ORR,
Assistant in Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

With Plate CLXVIII.

THE presence of a specialised layer of distinctively marked
elements, completely investing the embryo, is a characteristic
feature in the seeds of certain Capparidaceae, and, in dissections
of the seed of these genera which have been investigated, it
has the appearance of a third seed-coat, internal to the fibrous
tegmen.

The configuration of the thickened walls of the elements
composing this enveloping sheath has been described elsewhere,*
and it has been shown that, apart from its physiological signifi-
cance, the localisation of the thickening bands on the periclinal
or anticlinal walls of the constituent elements is capable of being
regarded as a diagnostic feature, distinguishing the seeds of the
two tribes of the Capparidaceae.

In the seeds of the Cleomeae the thickening is confined to
the periclinal walls of the cells, and is in the form of delicate
striations, which, when seen in surface view, produce the effect
of finger-prints, such as are made use of in criminology. In the
seeds of the Cappareae, on the other hand, the thickening bands
are found only on the anticlinal cell walls, and present a totally
different appearance when viewed under the microscope. This
distinction is suggestive of the possible value of the features of
the sheath from a systematic point of view.

Records of the occurrence of similarly constructed tissues in
seeds are rare, but it was thought that, if the methods adopted in
the investigation of the seeds of the Capparidaceaewere applied to
the seeds of allied families, details of structure which had hitherto
been overlooked might be disclosed, and such features might
possibly have some bearing on the phylogeny of the family.

On these lines, an examination of the seeds of representative
genera of the Resedaceae was first undertaken, and it was
observed that the tissue surrounding the embryo, which has the
appearance of a third seed-coat, possessed those special features
which characterise the corresponding tissue in the seeds of
certain Capparidaceae. :

* See p: 240.

260 ORR—SEED IN CAPPARIDACEAE AND RESEDACEAE.

The occurrence of a third seed-coat in the seeds of the
Resedaceae is mentioned by Baillon * in his description of the
seed of Reseda odorata, but no anatomical details are given.
Mueller + in his monograph of the family, also briefly refers to
this tissue, and it is indicated by Harz ¢ in his figure of a cross
section of the seed of Reseda luteola, but neither of these investi-
gators makes any reference to the peculiar configuration of its
periclinal cell walls, which is only visible in surface view.

For a description of the features of this differentiated tissue
in the seeds of the Resedaceae, that of Reseda glauca, Linn.,
may be taken as typical of the family.

In dissections of the seed, it appears as a yellow pellicle,
which adheres to the inner wall of the tegmen, and completely
encloses the embryo. The cells of the outermost layer of this
tissue are devoid of living contents, and are approximately
.05 mm. long by .025 mm. broad.

In surface view, under the microscope, it is seen that their
periclinal walls are clearly marked with numerous fine annular
bands of thickening, producing the effect of finger-prints, and
having the same appearance, but on a larger scale, as that pre-
sented by the corresponding tissue in the seeds of Polanisia
and other genera belonging to the Cleomeae tribe of the Cap-
paridaceae.

It is thus apparent that the seeds of those species of the
Resedaceae and Capparidaceae which have been examined
exhibit a striking similarity in their construction, for both
families possess this unusual feature of a specialised tissue,
forming a third seed-coat, the configuration of which, as seen
in the seeds of the Resedaceae, is identical with that found in
the Cleomeae among the Capparidaceae.

This anatomical feature has every appearance of an additional
link between the two families, and, though it might be regarded
as a minor character, its presence is nevertheless suggestive of
the close affinity of the Resedaceae to the tribe Cleomeae of
the Capparidaceae.

* M. Baillon, Natural History of Plants, vol. iii Rte: p. 296, footnote.

Tt c Mueller, Monographie des Résédacées (1857), p

{ C. D. Harz, Landwirthschaftliche Samenkunde (885), vol. li, p. 987.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXVIII.

Illustrating Mr. M. Y. Orr’s paper on the ae. of the Seed in the
apparidaceae and Resedac

Fic. 1 FS aa ace of a portion of the specialised layer surrounding the embryo
n the seeds of Polanisia viscosa, DC. xX about 430
Figs, 2 and mae tographs of a portion of the corresponding thabia in the seeds
of Reseda spt Linn. x about 430.

Notes, R.B.G., Epin. Plate CLXVIII.

Some Fungi from Tibet.

MALCOLM WILSON, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.R.S.E.,
Lecturer in Mycology in the University of Edinburgh.

With Plate CLXIX.

THE fungi described below were found on plants collected by
Mr G. Forrest during July 1917 on the Mekong-Salween divide,
in Tibet.

Aecidium sino-rhododendri, n. sp.

Maculis nullis. Aecidiis hypophyllis irregulariter dispositis,
gregariis raro solitariis, pseudoperidiis cupulatis, albido-flavis
circiter .5 mm. diam., breve cylindricis demum late apertis,
margine lacero-dentato revoluto, aecidiosporis ellipticis, episporio
dense verruculosis, 27~37p x 20-25.

Hab. in foliis vivis Rhododendri calvescentis, Balf. f. et
Forrest,* in S.E. Tibet. G. Forrest. No. 14,331. July 1917.

In the dried specimens the rather large white aecidia are
very conspicuous on the brownish leaf (figs. 1 and 2, Plate
CLXIX). A portion of the wall of the aecidiospore is smooth
and thinner than the remainder (fig. 3). No spermogonia were
found in the specimens.

With the exception of Puccinia Rhododendri, Fuck., a species
with teleutospores only, occurring on Rhododendron ferrugineum,
no species of Puccinia or Uromyces have been recorded on
Rhododendrons. There is no information available regarding
the other spore forms of Aecidium sino-rhododendri.

Labridium Rhododendri, n. sp. ,
ey epiphyllis cage orbiculo rufo-brunneo circumdatis,
I.5-3 mm. diam. Peritheciis gregariis vel sparsis, saepe con-

catibus: irregularibusque planieane ellipsoideo-oblongis vel
fusoideis, hysterioideis, rima longitudinali aperta, dimidiatis,
.4~.9 mm. longis .3-.7 mm. latis, membranaceo-carbonaceis,
textura solidiuscula, parenchymatica, subimpellucida, atro-
' “New Species of Rhododendron, ” Prof. Bayley Balfour, — from the
a Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, No. ty vol. xi (1919), p. :

(Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LX, January 1921.] :

262 WILSON--SOME FUNGI FROM TIBET.

fusca; sporulis oblongis, inaequilateralibus vel subcurvulis,
3-septatis, raro 4~5-septatis, ad septa paullo constrictis, castaneo-
brunneis, ad apicem basemque cilio hyalino ad 35 longo
praeditis, 23-26 x 7-8 (sine ciliis) loculis ultimis minoribus ;
sporophoris simplicibus longitudine variabilis (ad 40), hyalinis,
continuis.

Hab. in foliis vivis Rhododendri calvescentis, Bali. f. et
Forrest,” in S.E. dibet.. G, Borrest. No..14,331. July IQI7.

The greyish-brown patches produced by this species on the
upper. surface of the leaf are directly opposite the groups of
aecidia of Aecidium sino-rhododendri on the lower surface, and
it appears possible that Labridium Rhododendri can only infect
the leaf where the resistance of the tissues has been lowered by
the presence of the Aecidium.

Only one other species of Labridium is known, L. hians,
described by Vestergren in Sweden on Potentilla reptans.t

In the present species many of the pycnidia are irregular in
form and partly confluent (fig. 4), but other simple types
occur (B’, fig. 4) which resemble those of L. hians described by
Vestergren. The dehiscence by aslit-like opening is very marked
(fig. 5), the lips opening when moist and closing when dried.
The spores are considerably larger than those of L. hians, but
are similar in form (fig. 6). In view of the close agreement in
spore form, the irregularity of many of the fructifications cannot
be considered a character of sufficient importance to justify the
exclusion of this species from the genus Labridium.

Puccinia Festucae, Plowr. Aecidia and spermogonia on
Lonicera Myrtillus, Hook. f. et Thoms. var. On Ka-
gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° ‘25’ N., alt.
14,000 feet. No. 14,419. G. Forrest. July 1917.

The species has not been previously recorded on this host.

Epichloe or he Pat. On a grass, probably Andropogon
sp. around Tengyueh, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N., alt.
a aatee nia No. 18,549. G. Forrest. Oct. 1919.

First recorded by Patouillard { from Fac-Bin, Tonkin. As
all the inflorescences are attacked and flower development.
prevented, exact identification of the host species is impossible.
All the glumes are enclosed by a hard black stroma which closely
simulates Claviceps purpurea in appearance.

* Loe. cit.

{ Oefv. K. Vet. Acad. Férh., No. 1 (1897), p

5 ee ries a la Flore mycologique du Tonkin, ” Journ. de botanique,
iv (1890), p. 6

Notes, R.B.G., EDIN. PLATE CLXIX.

WILSON—SOME FUNGI FROM TIBET. 263

EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXIX.

Illustrating Dr. Wilson’s paper on Some Fungi from Tibet.

x, 1.— Leaf of Rhododend L with aecidia of Aecidium sino-rhododendri.

Natural size.
2.—Groups of meee on leaf of Rh. calvescens. A, young unopened aecidia.
x about 1 :

. 3—Aecidiospores e Aecidium sino-rhododendrt.

495-
. 4—Plan of maculae and pycnidia of gue Rhododendri showing tg

slits (shaded). A, macula; B, B’, hidia.; C, slits xa

. 5.—Transverse section of leaf of Rh. calescons with pycnidium of T sbelaintn
Rhododendri showing dehiscence. 125.

. 6.—Spores of Labridium Rhododendri, Gs one on the left still attached to
sporophore. x about 600,

An Addition to the Cryptogamic Flora of the
Royal Botanic Garden.

BY
MALCOLM WILSON, D.Sc., and H. F. TAGG, F.L.S.

Physarum gyrosum, Kost.

Specimens of this organism, which belongs to the Mycetozoa,
were found in a greenhouse in the Royal Botanic Garden in May
1g19. The sporangia were discovered by Mr. Laurence Stewart
amongst moss, on the surface of the soil in a pot in which seeds
from India had been planted, and it is probable that the species
was introduced with the seed.

The sporangia are clustered, and give rise to net-like plasmo-
diocarps several millimetres in diameter, which are seated on a
dull red hypothallus ; the sporangium wall is grey, with clustered
deposits of white lime-granules. The capillitium forms a scanty
network of hyaline threads with large lime knots; the spores
are pale brownish-violet, spinulose, and 7—10 wu in diameter.

This species has not been previously definitely recorded in
Britain. Berkeley probably found it in a cucumber frame in
Northamptonshire, naming it Didymium daedalium, Berk. et Br.,
but the type specimen has not been preserved. The form
described by Massee from a palm-house at Kew, and named
Physarum cerebrinum, was also probably the same species.

Physarum gyrosum has been tecorded from the Botanic
Gardens at Berlin, from Ceylon, Japan, and from North and
South America.

We desire to record our thanks to Miss G. Lister, to whom we
are indebted for confirming the naming of Physarum gyrosum
and for information concerning this species.

Printed under the sepage of His Majesty’s < Office
& Co., Ltp., Edinbur;

{Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. e pu t921.]

THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN,
EDINBURGH.

THE Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, is one of three Gardens
maintained by the State in the United Kingdom, the others being
the Royal Gardens at Kew in England, and the Glasnevin Garden
at Dublin in Ireland. It occupies an unequally-sided quadrilateral
area of 57°648 acres (bounded upon all sides by public roads and
dwelling-houses) on the north side of Edinburgh—about a mile
from the shore of the Firth of Forth. Its highest point, at
Inverleith House—the official residence of the Regius Keeper of
the Garden—towards the north-west, is 109 feet above sea-level,
and thence the ground falls away on all sides. The lowest point
—a depression 48 feet above sea-level, with an east and west
trend through the middle of the Garden—is the site of an old
bog, and the ground rises again to the south of the depression.
The surface soil is generally alluvial sand resting on clay at
considerable depth. In the lower part of the area the clay comes
to the surface.

There are two entrances to the grounds—one upon the east
side from Inverleith Row into the Garden, the other upon the
west side from Arboretum Road into the Arboretum. The
entrance to the Laboratories, Lecture Halls, Library, and to
the Office for Garden business is from Inverleith Row.

The Garden is open daily from 9 a.m. on Week-days and
from II a.m. on Sundays until sunset.

The Plant-Houses are open from I p.m. until 5 p.m., or
until sunset if this be earlier. :

The Museum is open on Week-days from 9 a.m. until
5 p.m. and on Sundays from I p.m. until 5 p.m.

The Herbarium is open on Week-days from 9 a.m. until
5 p.m., excepting Saturday, when it is open until I p.m.

The Library is open on Week-days from 9 a.m. until
5 p-m., excepting Saturday, when it is open until I p.m.

The Office for transaction of business with the Public and
with Tradesmen is open on Week-days from 9 a.m. until
5 p.m., seegting Saturday, when it is open until I p.m.
[Notes R.B.G., Edin., January 192I1. |

= Tiss 15" 31 —N. & Co., Lid. Gp. 10.
t. 14529/160—

Staff of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,
at January 192I.

ESTABLISHMENT.

Regius Keeper . ‘ . ; Isaac Bayley Balfour,
KaBiks; M: Ai; McD. KR.S,

Assistant Keeper ‘ : . William Wright Smith,
MAS FL S., Poors
Assistant in Herbarium : . William Edgar Evans, B.Sc.
Assistant in Laboratory. , ; Matthew Young Orr.
Assistant in Library James Todd Johnstone, MiA.; B Se,
Assistant in Museum ‘ ., Marry Frank Tagg, F.L.S.
Assistant in Studio... . . + Robert Moyes Adam.
Head Gardener . . . Robert Lewis Harrow, F.R.H.S.
Plant Propagator : : : Laurence Baxter Stewart.
Typist ‘ ' ; : ; . : . Jean Brockie.
Do. : F d F Elizabeth Murdison Reid.
Medical Officer . . : ' : . Disney Cran, M.D.
Assistant Head Gardener . ; . David Ramsay Oliver.
Foreman of Arboretum : . : . Charles Lamont.

Foreman of Glass Department : . James John Campbell.

Foreman of Herbaceous Department . Alexander M‘Cutcheon.

RULES for the Royal Botanic Garden and
Arboretum in connection with the Regula-
tions prescribed by ‘“ The Parks Bese ation
Act, 1872."

1. No unauthorised Person may ride or drive in this Garden
or in the Arboretum, and no Wheelbarrow, Truck, Bath-chair,
Perambulator, Cycle, or other Vehicle or Machine, is allowed to
enter, except with the written permission of the Keeper.
Children under ten years of age are not admitted unless
accompanied by.a Parent or suitable Guardian.

2. No Horses, Cattle, Sheep, or Pigs are allowed to enter.

3. No Dogs are admitted.

4. No Bags, Baskets, or Parcels, no Flowers, and no imple-
ments for games may be brought in; Artists and Photographers
may not bring in their Apparatus without written permission
from the Keeper.

NOTE.—The foregoing Rules shall not apply to persons going
to or leaving Inverleith House by the road leading from
the Arboretum Road Gate to the House.

5. Visitors are to enter and leave the Plant-Houses by the
Doors according to the Notices affixed thereon.

6. Smoking is not allowed in the Plant-Houses.

7. No Person shall touch the Plants or Flowers.

8. Picnics and luncheon parties are not allowed.

Q. No unauthorised Person shall Drill or practise Military
Evolutions or use Arms or play any Game or Music, or practise
Gymnastics, or sell or let any Commodity.

10. No unauthorised Public Address may be delivered in the
Garden or Arboretum. No Performance or Representation either
spoken or in dumb show shall be given in any part of the Garden
or Arboretum, unless by permission of the Commissioners of His
Majesty’s Works and Public Buildings. No Person shall use

any obscene, indecent, or blasphemous words, expressions, or
iii

iv RULES AND REGULATIONS.

gestures, or do any act calculated to provoke a breach of the
Peace, in the course of, or in connexion with, any speech,
address, performance, recitation, or representation. No money
shall be solicited or collected in connexion with any performance,
recitation, or representation, except by permission of the Com-
missioners of His Majesty’s Works and Public Buildings.

11. Large parties must be broken up to prevent crowding.

12. Climbing the Trees, Railings, or Fences is forbidden.

13. Birds’-nesting, and taking, destroying, or injuring Birds
or Animals are forbidden.

14. The distribution of Handbills, Advertisements, and other
Papers by the Public is forbidden.

Dated the 28th day of April 1904.

Sealed with the Common Seal of the Commissioners of His
Majyestys Works and Public Buildings.

SCHOMBERG K. M‘DONNELL,
Secretary.

©)

Historic Notice.

IN the year 1670 a small portion of ground, known as St. Ann’s
Yards, lying to the south of Holyrood House, and usually let to
market gardeners by the Hereditary Keeper of Holyrood House,
was occupied by two eminent Edinburgh’ physicians, Andrew
Balfour and Robert Sibbald, for the making of a Physic
Garden, and James Sutherland was appointed to the ‘‘ Care of
the Garden.” This was the foundation of the Royal Botanic
Garden of Edinburgh, which is therefore, after that of Oxford
(founded in 1632), the oldest in Great Britain. The Garden
was stocked with plants from the private Garden of Dr. Andrew
Balfour, in which for some years he had been accumulating
medicinal plants, and also in great measure from that at
Livingston in West Lothian, the laird of which, Patrick Murray,
was much interested in the growing of useful plants. Shortly
thereafter, but at what precise date has not yet been ascertained,
Sutherland became custodian of the Royal Garden, which lay on
the north side of the Palace, and it became a Physic Garden for
instruction, whilst the original plot in St. Ann’s Yards was,
apparently, given up.

In 1676 the same physicians acquired from the Town Council
of Edinburgh a lease of the Garden of Trinity Hospital and
adjacent ground for the purpose of a Physic Garden in addition
to the Garden already existing at Holyrood, and they appointed
the same James Sutherland (1639 ?-1719) to be ‘‘ Intendant” of
this Garden. The site of this Garden, which for convenience of
reference may be called the Town’s Botanic Garden, was the
ground lying between the base of that portion of the Calton Hill
upon which the prison is built and the North Bridge, and it is
now occupied by a portion of the Waverley Station of the North
British Railway. The name Physic Garden attached to a street
in the vicinity is a reminiscence of the existence of the Garden at
this spot.

About 1702 another Botanic Garden was established in
Edinburgh in the ground immediately adjacent to the College

vi Historic NOTICE.

Buildings, apparently on the site of the present South College
Street. This was the College Garden, and of it James Sutherland
became also custodian.

Thus in the early years of the eighteenth century there were
in Edinburgh three distinct Botanic or Physic Gardens—one
at Holyrood, the Royal Garden; one around Trinity Hospital,
The Town’s Garden; and one beside the College, the ee
Garden—all under the care of James Sutherland.

Sutherland from the first made use of the Royal Garden for
giving ‘‘ instruction in Botany to the Lieges,” and received a royal
warrant appointing him Botanist to the King in Scotland, and
empowering him to ‘‘set up a Profession of Botany” in this
Garden. When the Town’s Garden was created the Town
Council appointed him to lecture on Botany as Professor in the
Town’s College, now the University of Edinburgh. In 1683 he
published his ‘‘ Hortus Medicus Edinburgensis, or a Catalogue
of the Plants in the Physical Garden at Edinburgh,” from which
and from other published notices we learn that between two and
three thousand plants were in cultivation. There are no data
available from which to determinate how these plants were distri-
buted between the several Gardens at the date of publication of
Sutherland’s catalogue,

In 1706 Sutherland resigned the care of the Town’s Garden
and the College Garden as well as his Professorship in the
University, but, remaining King’s Botanist, he retained the care
of the Royal Garden at Holyrood. Charles Preston (1660-1711)
was appointed his successor by the Town Council, and there were
thus established rival Gardens and rival Professors of Botany in
Edinburgh. Charles Preston was succeeded in 1712 in his offices
by his brother George Preston (1659-1749). Neither of the
Prestons had ever the care of the Royal Garden.

Sutherland’s appointment as King’s Botanist, Keeper of the
Royal Garden, and Regius Professor of Botany was held during
the pleasure of the Sovereign, and on the death of Queen Anne
in 1714 he was not continued in office by George I.

In 1715 William Arthur (1680-1716) received a com-
mission as successor to Sutherland, but as he was implicated in
an unsuccessful Jacobite plot to seize the Castle, he did not hold
the office long,

HISTORIC NOTICE, Vii

He was succeeded in 1716 by Charles Alston (1685-1760).

In 1724 the College Garden, having fallen into disorder, was
turned to other uses ; and in 1729, George Preston having retired,
the Town Council appointed, as his successor in the charge of the
Town’s Garden and as Professor of Botany in the University,
Charles Alston, who as King’s Botanist had already the charge
.of the Royal Garden and was Regius Professor of Botany.
Through him, after separation for a quarter of a century, the
Royal Garden and the Town’s Garden were again combined
under one Keeper, and the Regius Professorship of Botany and
the University Professorship were similarly united. They have
so continued to the present time.

In 1763, the Royal Garden and the Town’s Garden proving
too small and otherwise unsatisfactory, John Hope (1725-1786),
who had succeeded Alston in his offices in 1761, proposed a
transference of the two to a more congenial site in which they
could be combined. At first it was intended to secure ground
to the south of George Watson’s Hospital—the area upon which
much of the present Royal Infirmary is built—but this not being
possible, five acres of ground to the north side of Leith Walk,
below the site now occupied by Haddington Place, were chosen.
As Hope proposed to transfer the collections in the Royal Garden
to the new Garden he was able to secure the support of the
Treasury to his scheme, and the selected ground was leased in
name of the Barons of Exchequer. At the same time the Town
Council agreed to contribute 425 annually to the support of the
Garden, the sum being the amount of rent expected from the
letting of the old Town’s Garden. The plants from both
Gardens were transferred to the ground at Leith Walk, and
from this date there has been only one Botanic Garden in
Edinburgh. The site thus secured for the Garden proved,
~ however, only a temporary one.

Daniel Rutherford (1749-1819), who in 1786 succeeded
Hope in his offices, cast about him for a spot in which more
ground would be available for the extension of the Garden ;
and eventually in 1815 nine and a half acres of the land lying
to the east of Holyrood Palace, and forming the ground of
Belleville or Clockmill, was fixed upon asa site. This selection
gave rise to controversy, which was prolonged, and Rutherford

Viii Historic NorIce,

died before any arrangements for the transference of the Garden
had been made.

Robert Graham (1786-1845), his successor, appointed in
1820, preferred the more open site of the Inverleith property
which the Garden now occupies, and fourteen acres of the Field
or. Park of Inverleith, known as Broompark and Quacaplesink,
were purchased by the Barons of Exchequer from Mr. James
Rocheid, its owner, in 1820, the lease of the Leith Walk Ground
being sold. By 1823 all the plants had been transferred to the
new Garden.

In 1858, during the Keepership of John Hutton Balfour
(1808-1884), who succeeded Graham in 1845, a further addition,
by purchase from the proprietor of Inverleith, of a narrow belt of
two and a half acres was made to the Garden on the west side ;
and in 1865 the Caledonian Horticultural Society having resigned
to the Crown its lease of the ten acres of adjoining ground which
it had occupied since 1824 as an experimental Garden, this
ground was also made part of the Botanic Garden. Finally the
present area of the Garden was completed in 1876, when the
Town Council purchased from the Fettes Trustees twenty-seven
and three-quarter acres of Inverleith property on the west side of
the Garden and transferred it to the Crown for the purpose of
making an Arboretum in connection with the Garden; the Crown
at the same time purchased Inverleith House and two and a half
acres of additional ground.

In 1879, Alexander Dickson (1836-1887) became Queen’s
Botanist, Regius Keeper and Professor, and held these appoint-
ments until his death in 1887. During his term of office the
Arboretum was opened to the public,

Regius Keepers (R.K.)
from the date of
Foundation of the Garden.

JAMES SUTHERLAND

WILLIAM ARTHUR

CHARLES ALSTON

JOHN HOPE

DANIEL RUTHERFORD

ROBERT GRAHAM

JoHN HuTTON BALFOUR

ALEXANDER DICKSON

ISAAC BAYLEY BALFOUR

Born 1639?

R.K. 12th January, 1699.*
Not confirmed, 1714.

Died 24th June, 1719.

Born September, 1680.
R.K. 1oth May, 1715.
Died 1716.

Born 24th October, 1685.
R.K. 30th June, 1716.
Died 22nd November, 1760.

Born 10th May, 1725.
R.K. 13th April, 1761.
Died 10th November, 1786.

Born 3rd November, 1749.
R.K. 20th December, 1786.
Died 15th December, 18109.

Born 7th December, 1786.
R.K. 31st January, 1820.
Died 7th August, 1845.

Born 15th September, 1808,
R.K. 8th November, 1845.

Retired, 1880.

Died 11th February, 1884.

Born 21st February, 1836.

_R.K. 28th April, 1880.

Died 30th December, 1887.

Born 31st March, 1853.
R.K. 5th April, 1888.

* This i . the date of a Royal Warrant from William III., and no earlier one
ound.

has been

Principal Gardeners (P.G.) from the Year 1756.

(The Names of those preceding Williamson are not yet known.)

JOHN WILLIAMSON . sees PONE ET Ay:
Died September, 1780.
MALCOLM M‘CoIG . 2 .. P.G, 1st January, 1782?
Died 25th February, 1789.
ROBERT MENZIES . : « Ge st Getober, 1759.
Died 22nd January, 1800.
JOHN MACKAY ; : . Born 25th December, 1772.

P.G. February, 1800.

Died 14th April, 1802.
GEORGE DON . ‘ : . Born October, 1764?

: P.G. Ist October, 1802.

Resigned 3 1st December, 1806.

Died 15th January, 1814.

THOMAS SOMMERVILLE . > Born 1783 ?

P.Gi.1807.?

Died 17th March, 1810.
WILLIAM M‘NAB sd. . Born 12th August, 1780.

P.G. April, 1810.
Died 1st December, 1848.
JAMES M‘NAB. é : . Born 25th April, 1810.
P.G. ist January, 1849.
Died 19th November, 1878.
JOHN SADLER . : ; . Born 3rd February, 1837.
P.G. 13th January, 1879.
Died 9th December, 1882.
ROBERT LINDSAY . a . Born 7th May, 1846.
P.G. 3rd March, 1883.
Retired 31st March, 1896.
Died 24th September, 1913.
ADAM DEWAR RICHARDSON. Born 12th September, 1857.
P.G. rst April, 1896.
Resigned 31st May, 1902,
ROBERT LEWIS HaRRow. . Born 26th March, 1867.
P.G. Ist June, 1902.

Features of the Garden.

THE method through which the Garden was built up by succes-
sive additions resulted in an absence of combination between its
several parts, in great measure a consequence of want of adequate
funds to make the necessary alterations in the grounds. During
the past thirty-two years, in which the Garden has been wholly
under the administration of the Commissioners of H.M. Works,
the bringing about of this combination has been in progress.
The work is not yet completed, and the Plan of the Garden
which is attached to this sketch shows the area of the Garden as
it is laid out at this date—January 1921. Future editions will
show further changes as the work of reconstruction proceeds.

From its foundation the Botanic Garden has been devoted to
the teaching of Botany, and its usefulness in this respect has
determined the laying out of its area.

Herbaceous Garden.—A considerable space is occupied by
a collection of herbaceous plants arranged for study in natural
orders.

Rock Garden.—There is an extensive rockwork upon which
alpine and rarer herbaceous plants are cultivated.

Arboretum.—The whole of the western area of the Garden
is in process of arrangement as an Arboretum of trees and shrubs,
and the positions of some of the chief genera are indicated on
the plan. The Coniferze are now placed in the ground adjacent
to the Rock Garden.

Herbaceous Border.—Along the North Boundary of the
Arboretum a mixed Herbaceous Border has been planted.

The Plant-Houses are still in process of reconstruction.
So far as they have been rearranged at the present time they
consist of a long range to the north of the herbaceous collection,
composed of a Central Green-house (C), from the sides of which
two Corridors run east and west. In the Entrance Porch (D) to
the Central Green-house is a collection of Insectivorous Plants.
From the Eastern Corridor two houses project to the south—one
(A) occupied by plants of Dry Regions, the other (B) containing

Xil FEATURES OF THE GARDEN.

Economic Plants of both Tropical and Temperate Regions.
Ending the Corridor is a house (AA) occupied by Rhododendrons
and other Temperate Shrubs and Trees; opening from it are
houses (BB and CC) in which an indoor rockery has been built
for Rock Plants which do not thrive in the open. To the south
side of the Western Corridor are attached two houses—one (E)
for Orchids and one (F) for Plants of Tropical and Warm Regions.
The western end of the Corridor opens into a domed house (G)
for Ferns of Tropical Regions which are planted out, and attached
to it are two houses running southwards, one of which (H) is
occupied by Tropical Plants, and the other (I) is used for Heaths
and Hardwooded Plants. From the northern wing of this domed
house opens a house (J) devoted to monocotylous Plants of Tropi-
cal and Warm Regions, specially Aroids, Scitaminez, Liliacee,
and Amaryllidaceez. Out of this opens the house (K) for
Bromeliads; and in another house (L) opening from this are
Pitcher Plants. Behind the western end of the Front Range
there is a Temperate House (M) for Palms, Tree-Ferns, and
Conifere, and a Palm-House (N).

Adjoining Inverleith Row is a group of buildings including
the Museum (QO), the Laboratories (P), the Lecture Hall (Q),
the Library (R), and the Office (Y), for transaction of business
with the Public.

The Museum contains a series of exhibits illustrating the
form and life-history of plants, and these are arranged so as to
facilitate their use in teaching.

The Library contains over sixteen thousand volumes. The
leading botanical and horticultural periodicals are taken and may
be consulted like the other books by the public. Books are not
lent from the Library.

Herbarium. —In the southern portion of the Garden is the
Herbarium (S). It contains a fair representation of the Floras
of the world,

Ladies’ Cloak-Rooms are at (T) and (T). Gentlemen’s
Lavatories will be found at (V) and (V).

From the higher ground of the Arboretum—at the point
marked-(X) on the plan—a fine panoramic view of the City of
Edinburgh, flanked on the east by Arthur’s Seat, and on the
west by the Pentland Hills, is obtained.

Teaching in the Garden.

IN the year 1892 the Board of Agriculture, then recently estab-
lished in England, assigned a small grant to the Royal Botanic
Garden towards the institution of a Course of Instruction in the
Sciences underlying the Practice of Horticulture and Forestry
for the benefit of young men and women desiring to become
Gardeners and Foresters. The fact deserves record, because it
marks the introduction in Scotland of a systematised effort to
provide scientific instruction to practical men in Gardening and
Forestry.

The Course of Instruction has. been carried on since. The
following schedule—copies of which may be obtained by applica-
tion to the Regius Keeper—indicates the terms upon which young
men and women are at present admitted to the Course :—

Admission of Probationers.

1. The First Commissioner of His Majesty’s Works is willing
to consider applications from young men and women intending
to become Gardeners or Foresters who may wish to serve for a
period in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

2. The number of young men and women who can be so
admitted is limited.

3. Such entrants will be in the position of Probationers, as a
special class in the service of the Garden. Their work will be
such as may be assigned to them, and they will work under all
the regulations in force in the Garden.

4. Applicants must be unmarried and not over 25 years of age.

5. Each Applicant must furnish a medical certificate of fitness
and a recommendation and certificate of character from a person
of position to whom the Applicant is well known, and if the
Applicant is or has been previously in a situation, a certificate
from the present or last employer must be forwarded. Applicants
who have had practical experience in Gardening or Forestry must -
state the amount of this and also if they have had experience of
cultivation of plants under Glass.

6. Probationers will have the opportunity of attending a

Course of Instruction in the Sciences underlying the practice and
xiii

xiv TEACHING IN THE GARDEN.

the principles of Horticulture and Forestry free of charge, and
they must attend the course, and also use the Library and
Reading Room of the Garden. The subjects of Instruction,
which are arranged in a curriculum extending over from two and
a half to three years, are Botany, Chemistry, Entomology,
Geology, Meteorology, Physics, Surveying and Mensuration,
Field Engineering, Bookkeeping, Horticulture, and Forestry, and
these are taught practically as far as possible.

7. At the conclusion of the Course of Instruction the Pro-
bationer will in ordinary course give place to a new entrant.

8. Any Probationer who does not show satisfactory progress
in studies, or who does not give satisfaction otherwise, will be
removed,

g. A grant in aid (subsistence allowance) will be given to each
Probationer. The amount given to a Probationer at admission
will depend upon his or her age, experience, and capacity. © The
minimum will be at the rate of ten shillings a week, and the
maximum at the rate of twenty-one shillings a week. In addition
there is at this date (1921) a war-bonus. Probationers who receive
at entrance less than the maximum may, after admission, receive
increments in relation to fitness and merit alike in the work of
the Garden and in the Course of Instruction.

10. Holiday leave to the amount in all of eight working days
in the year, in addition to Christmas Day, New Year’s Day,
Victoria Day, Spring and Autumn Holidays, is allowed after six
months’ service.

11. Probationers may be called upon to work on Sundays, and
will receive remuneration for such work on a recognised scale.

12. .Men Probationers will wear when at work a grey flannel
shirt with turn-over collar of the same material, and a blue serge
suit of clothes; in the Glass and Herbaceous Departments an
apron after pattern at the Garden must be worn.

13. Applicants must distinctly understand that the times of
duty of Probationers are such as may be necessary, that admission
as a Probationer is only an ordinary weekly hiring subject to a
week’s notice from any day, and subject to instant dismissal in
case of misconduct, with subsistence allowance up to date of dis-
missal only, and does not entitle to any superannuation or to
any compassionate or other allowance at the termination thereof,

TEACHING IN THE GARDEN. XV

excepting such allowance or gratuity as might be awarded under
the Superannuation Act, 1887 (Secs. 1 and 4), or any Act or
Acts amending the same. Further, in the event of any injury
happening to a Probationer in respect of which compensation
would be payable under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1906,
any sick pay which may be granted will be inclusive of such
compensation payable under the Act in question, and an amount
equivalent to such compensation will be deducted from any pay-
ment to dependents should the injury terminate fatally.
i4. Young men or women desiring admission as Probationers
must fill up, in their own handwriting, the form below, and
return this paper addressed to
THE REGIUS KEEPER,
ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN,
EDINBURGH.

15. Applicants will be informed if their names have been
entered for admission, and on a vacancy occurring will receive
notice thereof. Should there be no vacancy within six months
from the date of application, it must be renewed if the Applicant
still desires to work asa Probationer in the Royal Botanic Garden.
If not renewed, the applicant’s name will be removed from the
waiting list.

16. The First Commissioner desires to impress upon appli-
cants that he grants this privilege in the expectation that Pro-
bationers will earnestly endeavour to make use of and profit
by the opportunities of acquiring knowledge placed within their
reach, and will recognise that it is incumbent upon them at the
same time to perform with zeal the duties assigned to them.

Form to be filled up by Applicants for Admission as Pro-
bationers in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
Name of Applicant
Address
Date of Birth
Birthplace
Forester or Gardener
Name and address of present (or last) employer

Length of time in present situation

Xvi TEACHING IN THE GARDEN.

Previous situations and length of time in each (Gardeners to state
amount of their experience in cultivation of plants under
Glass)

Sipnatnreof Appitcant 200) Scouse
Date

Lectures to the Public.
The Regius Keeper from time to time gives lectures which

are open to the public.

Research.
The Laboratories are open to anyone desirous of under-
taking Botanical Research.

Specimens for Private Study.

Specimens for private study are supplied, as far as the
resources of the Garden will permit, to visitors, teachers, and
students who make written application to the Regius Keeper.
Application forms may be obtained at the office of the Garden.

Plants and Seeds are not Sold from the Garden.

Publications.

In 1900 appeared the first number of Motes from the Royal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, for the purpose of publishing re-
ports upon the conditions and progress of the Garden, records
of scientific investigations carried on in the Garden, and notices
of matters of interest relating to plant-life which have come
under the observation of the Staff. The Votes are available
in exchange for publications of kindred institutions, and are on
sale at the gates of the Garden and may be purchased either
directly or through any Bookseller from H.M. Stationery Office
(Scottish Branch), 23 Forth Street, Edinburgh. The parts are
not issued at fixed periods. Twelve volumes have been completed.

A short descriptive Sketch of the Garden may be purchased
at the gates.

A Seed List containing the names of plants cultivated from
which seeds have been collected during the year is published in
December, The seeds are available for exchange.

Botanical Department
of the
University of Edinburgh.

DURING nearly two centuries the offices of Regius Keeper of
the Royal Botanic Garden and Professor of Botany in the
University of Edinburgh have been held by.the same person, and
it has become the custom that the students of the University
come to the Garden for instruction in Botany. The whole work
of the Botanical Department of the University is carried out in
the Garden by the University Staff, which at this date is
constituted as follows :—
Provessor Or Botany , °..., yo. Isaac Bayley Balfour;

K. BES MAS MD FS

Assistant and Lecturer on Botany, James Robert Matthews,

MAL Pika. 3,
Assistant and Lecturer on Forest . James Lindsay Salmond
Botany Smith, M.A., B.Sc.

Assistant and Lecturer on Mycology Malcolm Wilson, D.Sc.,
F-1L.5., Fem Be

Assistant and Lecturer on Plant James Templeton, B.Sc.
Physiology
Assistant and Tutor in Botany ; Mary Bartholomew,

B.Sc.

xvii

Enumeration of Visitors to the Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinburgh, during the Years 1889-1920.

On the Ist of April 1889, the control of the Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinburgh, was vested in the Commissioners of His
Majesty’s Works, and the Garden became subject to the ‘‘ Act
for the Regulation of the Royal Parks and Gardens, 1872.”
From the date specified the Garden has been opened to the
public on Sundays, and also for an extended period on Week-
days. The table below shows the number of visitors to the
Garden on Sundays and Week-days respectively during the
thirty-two years which have elapsed since the Garden was trans-
ferred to the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Works :—

|
Total Total Largest |S Smallest} Total | Numb regret Nea
. real Number on
Year. in on ii Waki ct 28
sea ee J. ‘Sunday, | Sunday.| Days. - = male . Wee
"1889 ... | 368,219 | 187, 457 | 13,935 | 129 180,762 | 3,834 | 50
1890 ... | 446,540] 216,345 | os ,202 gI 230,195 | 4,032 65
1891... } 454,083 | 220,543 | 9,445 340 233,540 | 3,228 | 76
1592... 437,205 | 218,233 Pe es 149 218,972 | 2,666 | 43
1893 ... | 531,232 | 271,893 | 12,860 45 259,339 | 3,197 | 40
1894... | §26,948 | 268,793 | 13,515 68 258,155 | 3,153 | 28
1895... | 516,608 | 264,497 | 15,227 127 252,111 | §,292 | 26
1896... | 516,407 | 296,576 | 13,517 | 527 219,831 | 3,825 30
1897 475,210 | 271,730 | 16,001 74 203,480 | 3,153 20
1898 443,289 | 258,499 | 12,840} 123 | 184,790] 3,234 | 39
1899 461,686 | 259,424 5,161 105 202,262 | 2,758 30
1 561,359 | 324,856 17,700 | 268 | 236,503 | 3,667 53
1gOI 586, 461 339,229 | 19,256 258 247,232 | 4,627 45
1902 522, 363 295,892 | 15,561 165 226,471 | 5,461
1903 606,184 | 355,310 19,583 | 135 | 250,874 | 4,202 41
1904 39, 367,2 20,719 | 374 271,776 | 3,564 42
1905 584,546 330.9 19,859 100 253,55h 12,708 60
906 699,558 | 394,030 21,959 84 305,528 | 3,760, 44
1907 674,208 422,899 25,601 708 251,309 7365 40
908 585,171 | 342.1 549 | 570 | 243,065 | 2,898 39
1 683,243 | 394,861 24,334 | 165 288,382 3,483 71
1910 777,364 | 430,776 | 21,813 | 244 347,088 3,598 |
IQII 5943 | 420,163 | 22,765 82 288,780 ,828 | 66
Ig2 714,170 | 383,476 | 25,930 330,694 3,515 | 8
1913 876,585 | 500,205 | 27,398 | 680 | 376,380) 4,100 59
1914 776,280 | 414,518 | 25,521 106 361,762 | 5,337 | 62
1915 ... | 730,761 | 442,179 PLES 125 288,582 | 3,827 55
1G 695,364 | 367,713 | 20,227 98 327,651 | 3,926 41
1917 737,070 | 428,752 | 21,533 170 308, 318 |- 3,293 59
1918 727,782 | 320,450 | 20,811 236 407,332 | 3,911 39
1919... | 811,937 | 436,055 | 21,775 | 231 375,882 6,274 52
1920... | 644,856 | 399, 398 eS 19,340 | 481 245,458 | 39777 84
apse for
hirty- _} 19,521.198 |10,845,1 | acy en
tier. 9,521 19 45 $3, ee

* Numbers in this year for nine months only,

xviii

INVERLEITH PLACE

A Succulent Plants.

B Economic Plants

C Central Greenhouse and
rridors

D Insectivorous Plants.

G Tr
H agate bey

| Heaths and Hardwoods, KEY PLAN OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, EDINBURGH

Plants
M Tem cig pon Palms and

HERBACEOUS BorDER

ENTRANCES TO

2 y, | OFFICE
YUy4 We Wa
38 ge, is Y aso LIBRA RY
(a eSORATORIES
RE

ano LECTUR
HALLS

SYRINGA
LiIGUSTRUM
BuUDDLEIA

Dapeng

Tey oi

N Tropical Palms.
useum.

P Laboratories.

Q Large Lecture Hall.

m.
T Ladies’ Cloak Rooms. en tndoor Roc
V_ Gentlemen's Lavatories. CC Indoor Seip

NUARY 1921

Area of Garden, 57

7-648 ne
Above ae level—Highest ie 109 feet; Lowest point, 48 feet.
10

LINKS 100
FEET 100

wr i47-is6 | 1375 ayer

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, EDINBURGH.

WAR SERVICE ROLL.
I9QI4-19109.
Showing the names, with short statement of service,
of Members of the Staff°of the Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinburgh, who at the call of duty joined
H.M. Naval and Military Forces for the Great War
which began in August 1914.

AT the outbreak of war in August 1914 the appeal for recruits
for H.M. Forces met with ready response from the Staff, of
the Royal Botanic Garden. Before many weeks had passed
every fit man who would be accepted had left for service. At
the time the Garden Staff was one of 110 members, of whom
one-fifth were women. Of the men, 73 joined the Forces. Over
a fourth of these have given their lives for their country. The
publication of this list as an Official Record of the Garden will
preserve for all time the story of the loyalty of our Garden Staff,
and will carry, it is hoped, to the relatives and friends of those
of the Staff who fell in the War the message that the devotion
and self-sacrifice of these men is a living memory which we
cherish and desire to perpetuate, And no less, we trust, will
those who have borne their share of the burden and who are
still with us accept this tribute of recognition of what they

have done for us.

James Christopher Adam.

Joined staff of Garden as Helper, 12th April 1912. Enlisted
Royal Scots, 17th January 1917, Rank—Private. Later,
Machine Gun Corps. Service in field in Flanders, 3 months.
Killed in action, 21st March 1918.

XIX

xx WAR SERVICE ROLL.

Robert Moyes Adam.

Joined staff of Garden as Helper, tst July 1903. Assistant
in Studio, August 1914. Enlisted Royal Garrison Artillery,
17th January 1917. Rank—Bombardier. Later, Royal Air
Force—Lieutenant. Service in field in Flanders, 12 months.
Demobilised, 3rd February 1919.

Thomas Adam.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 31st July 1907.
Mobilised 6th August 1914, 2nd Scots Guards. Rank—Private.
Service in field in Flanders, 9 months. Killed in action, 16th
May 1915.

Thomas Aird.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 11th May 1914. Enlisted
tith Black Watch, 16th November 1914. Rank—Private.
Service in field in France, 1 year. Once wounded. Killed in
action.

Thomas Eneas Angus.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 2nd December 1912.
Enlisted 5th Battalion Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914.
Rank—Private. Transferred 9th Division Cycle Corps—Sergeant.
Later, Seaforth Highlanders—Captain. Service in field, 1 year
7 months. Wounded 13th November 1916. ‘‘ Special Mention,”
Sir Douglas Haig’s despatch of 31st May 1918.

George Ballantine.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 13th May 1914. Enlisted
29th October 1914, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Rank
—Captain and Quartermaster. Service in the field in Flanders,
2 years 6 months. Two mentions in despatches. Demobilised,
18th August Ig19.

William Frederick Bennett.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 28th August IgII.
Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914. Rank—
Private, later Lance-Corporal. Service in the field in Flanders,
about 5 months. Missing, presumed killed in action, 25th
September IgI5.

WAR SERVICE ROLL, Xxi

George Blackmore.
Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 2nd October 1913.

' Enlisted 7th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1st September 1914. Rank

—Sergeant. Service in field in Flanders, 4 months. Died of
wounds, 7th March 1916.

George Brown.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 21st July 1914. Enlisted
gth Royal Scots, 9th November 1915. Rank—Private. Service
in field in Flanders, 2 years. Once wounded. Demobilised,
7th March 1919.

John Mathieson Brown.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th August 1914. Enlisted
7th Royal Scots, 29th August 1914. Rank—Private. Service
in field, Egypt and Gallipoli, about 1 year. Killed in action,
Gallipoli, 24th November 1917.

Robertson Brown.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, toth September 1913.
Enlisted 2nd Royal Scots, 31st August 1914. Rank—Sergeant.
Service in field in Flanders, 10 months. Once wounded, 11th
March 1915.

Henry Howden Bryce.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 13th January 1913,
Enlisted 14th Royal Scots, 28th February 1916. Rank-—Private,
Service in field in Flanders, 12 months. Once wounded,
Demobilised; 18th September 1919.

Andrew Ewing Calder.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 27th June 1912. Enlisted
Royal Field Artillery, 7th May 1915. Rank—Gunner. Service
in field in Flanders, about 2 years. Died of wounds, 13th
September 1918.

James John Campbell.

Joined staff of Garden as Gardener in training, 17th April
1905. Sub-foreman. Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 31st August 1914.
Transferred 11th Royal Scots, Rank—Private. Service in field
in Flanders, 2 years 6 months. Demobilised, 22nd May 1g19.

XXii WAR SERVICE ROLL.

Duncan Coutts.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 27th November 1912.
Enlisted 29th August 1914, 5th Cameron Highlanders. Rank—
Private. Service in field in Flanders, about 2 years. Died of
wounds, 4th May 1917.

William Gordon Dickson.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 3rd August 1914. Enlisted
5th Royal Scots, 4th September 1914. Rank—Private. Killed
in action at Gallipoli, July 1915.

John Dykes.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 22nd July 1914. Enlisted
Royal Scots Fusiliers, 13th March i915. Rank—Private.
Demobilised, 7th February 1919.

William Dykes.

Joined staff of Garden as Boy, 3rd August 1914. Enlisted
5th Royal Scots, 31st August 1914. Rank—Private. Service
in field in Gallipoli and France, 2 years. Once wounded.
Demobilised, 7th January 1919.

Horace Ellwood.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 2nd January 1913.
Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 13th September 1914. Rank—Private, -
later Corporal. Service in field in Gallipoli, 1 year 1 month.
Twice wounded. Demobilised, 26th February 191g.

John Richard Ferisy.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th December 1913.
Enlisted 6th K.O.S.B., 28th August 1914. Rank—Sergeant.
Service in field in Flanders and India, 4 years 2 months.
Demobilised, 5th June rgrg.

George Hugh Fothergill.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 16th December 1912.
Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 18th October 1915. Rank—2nd
Lieutenant. Service in field in Flanders, about 18 months.

WAR SERVICE ROLL. xxiii

Frederick Fraser.

Joined staff of Garden as Gardener, 14th October 1g1o.
Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 31st August 1914.. Rank—Private,
later Lance-Corporal. Service in field in. Egypt, 6 months.
Discharged, 20th August 1915.

John Fraser.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 17th February 1913.
Enlisted 19th August 1918, Royal Engineers. Rank—Pioneer.
Discharged, 11th December 1918.

Robert Garner.
Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th May 1914. Enlisted

2nd Royal Scots, 5th August 1914. Rank—Private. Later,

2nd A.M. Royal Air Force. Demobilised, 24th April 1919.

James Murray Grant.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 2nd January 1912.
Enlisted Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914. Later, Royal
Highlanders and Labour Corps. Rank—Private, later Corporal.
Service in field in Flanders, 3 years. Once wounded. Demobilised,
17th February 1919.

Daniel Greenshields.

Joined staff of Garden as Timekeeper, Ist May 1912.
Mobilised 2nd August 1914, Royal Navy. Rank—Yeoman of
Signals (Petty Officer). Service on Belgian Coast, in East
Africa, and Home Waters, full period of War. Once wounded.
Decorations, Distinguished Service Medal. Demobilised, 15th
January 1919. Q

James Maxwell Hampson.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 2nd April 1914. Enlisted
‘sth Royal Scots, 1st September 1914. Rank—Private, later
Lance-Sergeant. Service in field, 1 year’s service in Gallipoli,
2 years’ service in France. Killed in action, 8th March 1918.

John Hatley.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 23rd July 1914. Enlisted
isth November 1914. Rank—Private. Service in field in
Flanders, 3 years. Killed in action, 18th April 1918.

XXIV WAR SERVICE ROLL.

John Henderson.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th January 1915.
Enlisted 6th K,O.S.B., 12th September 1916. Rank—Private.
Service in field, 2 years 7 months. Demobilised, 5th November
IgI9.

John Hepburn.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 27th April 1914.
Enlisted 3rd Royal Scots, st September 1914. Rank—Company
Sergeant-Major, a/R.S.M. Demobilised, 7th November 1919.

William John Hepburn.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 24th March 1913.
Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 5th August 1914. Rank—Private,
later Lieutenant. Service in field in Flanders, about 24 years.
Demobilised, 28th January 1919.

David Hume.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 22nd April 1914.
Mobilised 6th August 1914, Ist Royal Scots. Rank—Private.
Killed in action in Flanders, 26th August 1914.

Douglas Hunter. :

Joined staff of Garden as Park-keeper, 28th July 1912.
Enlisted Gordon Highlanders, 29th August 1914. Rank—
_ Company Sergeant-Major. Demobilised, 12th February 19109.

Henry Johnstone.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 13th August 1914, _
Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 3rd September 1914. Service in field
‘in Egypt, Gallipoli, and Flanders, 3 years g months. Once.
wounded. Demobilised, 29th January 1gig.

James Todd Johnstone.

Joined staff of Garden as Assistant in Library, 20th March
1912. Enlisted 7th Royal Scots, 2nd September 1914. Rank—
Private, later. Sergeant, Later, in Royal Defence Corps and
Royal Scots Fusiliers. Demobilised, 23rd February 1919.

WAR SERVICE ROLL. XXV

Arthur Henry Jones.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th December 1911.
Enlisted Royal Army Medical Corps, 5th August 1914. Rank
—Private, later Corporal. Service in field, Ward Orderly in
No, 11 General Hospital, B.E.F., France. Died in hospital,
19th May 1916.

Robert Keir.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 5th August 1913.
Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914. Rank—
Private, later Lance-Corporal. Service in field in Flanders and
France, 3 years. Thrice wounded. Demobilised, 15th March
1919.

Charles Lamont.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 20th August 1914.
Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 31st August 1914. Rank—Private,
later Corporal. Service in field in Egypt, Gallipoli, and France,
3 years 10 months. Once wounded. Demobilised, 31st January
1919.

John M‘Millan Lugton.

Joined staff of Garden as Park-keeper, 13th January 1913.
Enlisted Scottish Horse, 17th August 1914. Rank—Squadron
Sergeant-Major. Service in field in Gallipoli, Egypt, Balkans,
and France, 3 years. Twice wounded. Demobilised, 2nd

February I919.

Henry M‘Beath.

Joined staff of Garden as Stoker, 17th March 1909. Enlisted
Scottish Horse, 4th September 1914. Rank—Sergeant. Service
in field in Flanders, about 3 years. Died in hospital, 15th
October 1918.

Alexander M‘Cutcheon.

Joined staff of Garden as Gardener, 25th February 1907.
Foreman, 21st July 1919. Enlisted Royal Scots, 31st August
1914. Rank—Sergeant. Service in field in Gallipoli and
Flanders, 3 years 10 months. Demobilised, 27th January

1919.

XXVi WAR SERVICE ROLL.

William M‘Nab.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 26th May 1904. En-
listed Scottish Horse, 27th August 1914. Rank — Private.
Demobilised, 16th October 1918.

Alan Menzies.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 5th August I913.
Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914. Rank
—Private. Service in field in Flanders, 4 months. Killed in
action, 25th September 1915. :

George Joseph Milne.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 24th April 1914.
Mobilised- 5th August 1914, Highland Light Infantry. Rank
—Lance-Corporal. Service in field in Flanders, 3 years
5 months. Wounded. Demobilised, 17th November 1919.

Walter Henry Morland.

Joined staff of Garden as Gardener, 5th January Ig1o, En-
listed 5th Royal Scots, 2nd September 1914. Rank—Private.
Service in field in Gallipoli, 3 months. Killed in action, 7th
May 1915.

Alfred John Munday.

Joined staff of Garden as Gardener, 2nd January i911.
Enlisted 5th Royal Scots, 31st August 1914. Rank—Private.
Service in field in Egypt and Flanders, 4 years 2 months.
Demobilised, 14th May 1919.

James Murdison.
Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th August 1914. En-
listed Army Service Corps, 29th September 1914, Rank—

Private. Service in field in Flanders, 1 year. Demobilised,
17th May 1919.

William North.
Joined staff of Garden as Hall Attendant, 23rd June 191i.
*Enlisted 11th Royal Scots, 28th August 1914. Rank—Regi-

mental Sergeant-Major. Service in field in France, 6 months.
Invalided home.

WAR SERVICE ROLL. XXVii

David Ramsay Oliver.

Joined staff of Garden as Implement Keeper, 6th February
1911. Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914.
Rank—Private. Later, Lieutenant 3rd Gloucestershire Regi-
ment. Service in field in Flanders and France, 3 years.
Twice wounded. Demobilised, 17th July 1919,

Matthew Young Orr.

Joined staff of Garden as Assistant in Laboratory, 4th
August 1913. Enlisted 7th Royal Scots, 29th August 1914.
Rank—Captain. Mentioned in despatches. Gazetted 13th
August 1918. Demobilised, 17th April 1919.

John Preston.

Joined staff of Garden as Park-keeper, Ist December 1908.
Enlisted Seaforth Highlanders, 11th September 1914. Rank—
Company Quartermaster Sergeant. Demobilised, 13th March
1919.

James Reid.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 4th August 1913.
Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 2nd September 1914.
Rank—Private. Service in field in Flanders and France, 3 years
8 months. Demobilised, 26th January-1919.

John Reilly.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th July 1914. Enlisted
Royal Scots, August 1914. Discharged, 1915. Re-enlisted
1917. Rank—Private. Demobilised, April 1919.

Philip Reilly.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 23rd January 1902.
Enlisted 7th Royal Scots, 29th August 1914. Rank—Private.
Demobilised, 23rd March 1919.

John Scotland.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 23rd January 1907.
Enlisted 6th Cameron Highlanders, 2nd August 1915. Rank—
Private. Service in field in Flanders, 3 years. Once wounded.
Demobilised, 16th March 1919.

XXVill WAR SERVICE ROLL.

James Scott.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 24th July 1907. Enlisted
Royal Marines, tst June 1915. Rank—Private. Demobilised,
April 1919.

John Severn.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 8th April 1909. Mobil-
ised 1st Gordon Highlanders, 5th August 1914. Rank—Lance-
Corporal. Service in field in Flanders, 4 months. Once
wounded. Discharged, 6th May 1916.

Edwin Lowther Sills.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 2nd June 1913. Enlisted
Gordon Highlanders, 25th August 1914. Rank—Lance-Corporal.
Service in field in Flanders, 2 years 9 months. Demobilised,
24th April 1919.

Duncan Smith.

Joined staff of Garden as Gardener, 4th January 1909. En-
listed 5th Royal Scots, 4th September 1914. Rank—Private.
Service in field in Gallipoli, 3 months. Killed in action, 11th
June 1915.

James Stewart.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, toth March 1913. En-
listed Royal Scots Greys, 29th August 1914. Discharged on
medical grounds, 28th November 1914. Rejoined Royal-Garrison
Artillery, 14th August 1917. Rank—Gunner. Service in field
in Flanders, 18 months. Demobilised, 19th August 1919...

John Stewart.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 4th August 1913.
Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914. Rank
—Lance-Corporal. Service in field in Flanders, 4 months.
Killed in action, 25th September 1915.

Laurence Baxter Stewart.
Joined staff of Garden as Propagator, 22nd January 1902.

Enlisted 65th Division Cyclists, 7th June 1915. Rank—Quarter-
master Sergeant. Demobilised, 24th January 1919.

WAR SERVICE ROLL. XXiX

Samuel Stewart.

Joined staff of Garden as Assistant Head Gardener, 11th
May 1908. Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 28th March
1916. Rank—Private, later Lance-Corporal. Service in field
in Flanders, 1 year. . Killed in action, 18th September 1917.

George Hugh Stuart.

Joined staff cf Garden as Implement Keeper, 20th April
1914. Enlisted 5th Cameron Highlanders, 29th August 1914.
Rank—Private. Service in field in Flanders, 6 months. Killed

in action, 25th September 1915.

Daniel Spence Sweeney.

Joined staff of Garden as Hall Attendant, 1st June 1git.
Enlisted 9th Royal Scots, 16th September 1914. Rank—
Divisional Bandmaster. Service in field in Flanders, 1 year,
Mentioned in despatches. Demobilised, 22nd February 1919.

George Tait.

Joined staff of Garden as Park-keeper, 14th August 1gI1.
Enlisted 1st Gordon Highlanders, 29th August 1914. Rank—
Sergeant. Service in field in Flanders, 4 years 2 months.
Demobilised, 28th February rg1I9.

George Thomson.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 2nd December 1913.
Enlisted 7th Royal Scots, 29th August 1914. Rank—Sergeant.
Service in field in Flanders, 1 year 10 months. Twice wounded.
Demobilised, 17th February 1919.

James Stewart Tod.

Joined staff of Garden as Packer, 3rd November 1902. En-
listed gth Royal Scots, 29th August 1914. Rank—Lance-
Corporal. Service in field in Flanders, 3 years 11 months.
Once wounded. Demobilised, 22nd January 1919.

John White.

Joined staff of Garden as Probationer, 9th December 1912.
Enlisted 9th Royal Scots, 6th December 1914. Rank—Private.
Later, Machine Gun Corps. Service in field in France, 1 year
2 months. Demobilised, 15th February 1919.

xxx WAR SERVICE ROLL.

James Henry White.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 5th February 1912. En-
listed K.O.S.B., 29th August 1914. Rank—Quartermaster
Sergeant. Demobilised, 8th April 1919.

Alexander Wilson.

Joined staff of Garden as Park-keeper, 18th February 1913.
Enlisted 2/1st Scottish Horse, 17th August 1914. Rank—
Squadron Sergeant-Major. Demobilised, 3rd July 1919.

John Forsyth Wilson.

Joined staff of Garden as Labourer, 5th December 1913.
Enlisted Royal Field Artillery, 4th August 1914. Rank—
Sergeant. Service in field in Flanders, 3 years 7 months.
Twice wounded, once gassed. Mentioned in despatches.
Discharged, 7th January 1919.

Thomas Young.

Joined staff of Garden as Patrol, 24th April 1914. En-
listed 1st Black Watch, 5th August 1914: Rank—Private.
Service in field in Flanders, 4 years 6 months. Demobilised,
22nd February 1919.

This record is completed by the names following of members
of the Staff who in fields other than Naval and Military devoted
themselves to special service of the State during the War :—

William Wright Smith.

Joined staff of Garden as Assistant Keeper, 20th November
1911. Officer in Charge of Labour in Scotland to the Timber
Supply Department of the Board of Trade, 1916-1918.

Harry Frank Tagg. ,

Joined staff of Garden as Assistant in Museum, 22nd January
1894. Scientific Officer in the Timber Supply Department of
the Board of Trade, 1917-1918.

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